Chapter 4 active reading guide a tour of the cell

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell

Name ________________________ Period _________

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell

Guided Reading Activities

Chapter Content: The Microscopic World of Cells

1. The ____________ states that all cells come from existing cells and that organisms are made of cells.

2. Complete the table that compares prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Description of cells

3. A scientist discovers a cell in a sample of water from Utah’s Great Salt Lake. She discovers the cell has a cell wall, ribosomes, and a nucleoid region. Upon further microscopic observation the scientist notices the nucleoid region contains a single chromosome. Which of the following cells would it most likely be?

A) Prokaryote

B) Animal cell

C) Plant cell

D) Eukaryote

4. Complete the following table illustrating the differences between plant and animal cells.

Plant cells

Animal cells

Shared features

Unique features

Chapter Content: Membrane Structure

Complete the following questions as you read the fourth chapter content—Membrane Structure:

1. True or false: If false, please make it a correct statement. The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

2. Students, when asked to diagram a simple cell membrane, many times draw the structure below. What is wrong with this structure? In other words, briefly explain why it is incorrect.

3. Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a cell membrane?

A) Proteins sandwiched between two layers of phospholipids

B) Proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipids

C) A layer of protein coating a layer of phospholipids

D) Phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of protein

4. A cell’s plasma membrane is described as being a ______________ because it is composed of a variety of molecules that are constantly in motion around each other.

5. Figure 4.5b on page 60 of your textbook indicates that membrane proteins will have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Briefly explain why a membrane protein would need both regions. Refer to the figure to aid you in answering the question.

7. List three common bacterial targets of antibiotics.

Chapter Content: The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell

Complete the following questions as you read the fourth chapter content—The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell:

1. Complete the following table regarding the nucleus.

Nuclear envelope

Nuclear pores

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Function

2. The nuclear envelope has passages for substances moving into and out of the nucleus. These passages are called nuclear pores and they are made by proteins that are inserted into the plasma membrane that makes up the nuclear envelope. These proteins would be assembled by:

A) Free-floating ribosomes

B) The nucleus

C) Ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

D) Nuclear pores

3. What are the functions of a protein.

4. Does DNA leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell? Use Figure 4.11 on page 63 of your textbook to answer the question.

Chapter Content: The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products

Complete the following questions as you read the fourth chapter content—The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products:

1. List the organelles of the endomembrane system.

2. Insulin is a protein hormone that is released into the bloodstream from cells in your pancreas. Which of the following organelles will be directly responsible for its export from the cell?

A) Ribosomes

B) Endoplasmic reticulum

C) Golgi Apparatus

D) Nucleus

3. Complete the following table regarding the involvement of organelles in protein synthesis and transport.

Endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

Vesicles

Function

4. Interstitial endocrinocytes are specialized cells in the testes that are responsible for the synthesis of testosterone, which is a steroid hormone. You would expect interstitial endocrinocytes to be rich in which of the following?

A) Ribosomes

B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D) Golgi apparatus

5. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks __________, which gives it a “smooth” appearance.

6. True or false: If false, make it a correct statement. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum contains many enzymes that allow it perform functions like detoxify circulating drugs.

7. Use Figures 4.14 (page 65 of your textbook) and 4.17 (page 67 of your textbook) to answer the following question. Place the following steps in the order in which they occur:

A—Proteins are modified as they pass through the Golgi apparatus

B—A vesicle from the rough ER fuses with the Golgi membrane

C—A vesicle buds off from a Golgi stack

D—A vesicle containing a secretory protein fuses with the cell’s plasma membrane

8. How are lysosomes different from vacuoles?

Chapter Content: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Providing Cellular Energy

Complete the following questions as you read the fourth chapter content—Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Providing Cellular Energy

1. True or false: An animal cell will contain chloroplasts and mitochondria. If false, correct the statement.

2. The process of photosynthesis occurs primarily in a plant’s leaves. Based on this information, which of the following organelles would you expect to be present in the cells of plant leaves?

A) Ribosomes

B) Chloroplasts

C) The nucleus

D) Mitochondria

3. Complete the Venn diagram that compares mitochondria to chloroplasts.

4. A student has been shrunk to a size small enough to be inserted into one of the membrane-bound disks of a granum. That student travels completely out of the chloroplast into the cytosol of the plant cell. How many plasma membranes in total did the student travel through? Use Figure 4.18 on page 68 of your textbook to help answer the question.

Chapter Content: The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement

Complete the following questions as you read the fourth chapter content—The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement:

1. Complete the following table regarding cellular structures.

Cilia

Flagella

Cytoskeleton

Function

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