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Organization Development & Change

9e

Thomas G. Cummings University of Southern California

Christopher G. Worley University of Southern California

Pepperdine University

Organization Development & Change, 9th Edition

Thomas G. Cummings & Christopher G. Worley

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Dedication

To Chailin and Debbie, the loves of our lives

iv

brief contents

Preface xv

CHAPTER 1 General Introduction to Organization Development 1

PART 1 Overview of Organization Development 22

CHAPTER 2 The Nature of Planned Change 23

CHAPTER 3 The Organization Development Practitioner 46

PART 2 The Process of Organization Development 74

CHAPTER 4 Entering and Contracting 75

CHAPTER 5 Diagnosing Organizations 87

CHAPTER 6 Diagnosing Groups and Jobs 107

CHAPTER 7 Collecting and Analyzing Diagnostic Information 121

CHAPTER 8 Feeding Back Diagnostic Information 139

CHAPTER 9 Designing Interventions 151

CHAPTER 10 Leading and Managing Change 163

CHAPTER 11 Evaluating and Institutionalizing Organization Development Interventions 189

PART 3 Human Process Interventions 252

CHAPTER 12 Interpersonal and Group Process Approaches 253

CHAPTER 13 Organization Process Approaches 276

PART 4 Technostructural Interventions 314

CHAPTER 14 Restructuring Organizations 315

CHAPTER 15 Employee Involvement 350

CHAPTER 16 Work Design 376

PART 5 Human Resource Management Interventions 419

CHAPTER 17 Performance Management 420

CHAPTER 18 Developing Talent 451

CHAPTER 19 Managing Workforce Diversity and Wellness 473

PART 6 Strategic Change Interventions 504

CHAPTER 20 Transformational Change 505

CHAPTER 21 Continuous Change 535

CHAPTER 22 Transorganizational Change 561

PART 7 Special Applications of Organization Development 613

CHAPTER 23 Organization Development in Global Settings 614

CHAPTER 24 Organization Development in Nonindustrial Settings: Health Care, School Systems, the Public Sector, and Family-Owned Businesses 651

CHAPTER 25 Future Directions in Organization Development 693

Glossary 746

Name Index 756

Subject Index 760

v

Preface xv

CHAPTER 1 General Introduction to Organization Development 1

Organization Development Defined 1

The Growth and Relevance of Organization Development 4

A Short History of Organization Development 6 Laboratory Training Background 6 Action Research and Survey Feedback Background 8 Normative Background 9 Productivity and Quality-of-Work-Life Background 11 Strategic Change Background 12

Evolution in Organization Development 12

Overview of The Book 14

Summary 17

Notes 17

PART 1 Overview of OrganizationDevelopment 22

CHAPTER 2 The Nature of Planned Change 23

Theories of Planned Change 23 Lewin’s Change Model 23 Action Research Model 24 The Positive Model 27 Comparisons of Change Models 29

General Model of Planned Change 29 Entering and Contracting 29 Diagnosing 30 Planning and Implementing Change 30 Evaluating and Institutionalizing Change 31

Different Types of Planned Change 31 Magnitude of Change 31

Application 2-1 Planned Change at the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority 32

Degree of Organization 35

Application 2-2 Planned Change in an Underorganized System 37 Domestic vs. International Settings 40

Critique of Planned Change 41 Conceptualization of Planned Change 41 Practice of Planned Change 42

Summary 43

Notes 44

contents

vi Contents

CHAPTER 3 The Organization Development Practitioner 46

Who is the Organization Development Practitioner? 46

Competencies of an Effective Organization Development Practitioner 48

The Professional Organization Development Practitioner 53 Role of Organization Development Professionals 53

Application 3-1 Personal Views of the Internal and External Consulting Positions 56

Careers of Organization Development Professionals 59

Professional Values 60

Professional Ethics 61 Ethical Guidelines 61 Ethical Dilemmas 62

Application 3-2 Kindred Todd and the Ethics of OD 65

Summary 66

Notes 67

Appendix 70

PART 2 The Process of Organization Development 74