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Abagail McWilliams, University of Illinois-Chicago Ofer Meilich, California State University– San Marcos

John E. Merchant, California State University–Sacramento

John M. Mezias, University of Miami

Michael Michalisin, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale

Doug Moesel, University of Missouri-Columbia

Fatma Mohamed, Morehead State University

Mike Montalbano, Bentley University

Debra Moody, University of North Carolina–Charlotte

Gregory A. Moore, Middle Tennessee State University

James R. Morgan, Dominican University and UC Berkeley Extension

Ken Morlino, Wilmington University

Sara A. Morris, Old Dominion University

Todd W. Moss, PhD, Syracuse University

Carolyn Mu, Baylor University

Stephen Mueller, Northern Kentucky University

John Mullane, Middle Tennessee State University

Chandran Mylvaganam, Northwood University Sucheta Nadkarni, Cambridge University Anil Nair, Old Dominion University V.K. Narayanan, Drexel University Maria L. Nathan, Lynchburg College Louise Nemanich, Arizona State University Charles Newman, University of Maryland, University College Stephanie Newport, Austin Peay State University Gerry Nkombo Muuka, Murray State University Bill Norton, University of Louisville Dr. Jill E. Novak Texas A&M University Roman Nowacki, Northern Illinois University Yusuf A. Nur, SUNY Brockport Jeffrey Richard Nystrom, University of Colorado– Denver William Ross O’Brien, Dallas Baptist University d.t. ogilvie, Rutgers University Floyd Ormsbee, Clarkson University Dr. Mine Ozer, SUNY-Oneonta Dr. Eren Ozgen, Troy University-Dothan Campus

Karen L. Page, University of Wyoming Jacquelyn W. Palmer, University of Cincinnati Julie Palmer, University of Missouri–Columbia Daewoo Park, Xavier University Gerald Parker, Saint Louis University Ralph Parrish, University of Central Oklahoma Amy Patrick, Wilmington University John Pepper, The University of Kansas Douglas K. Peterson, Indiana State University Edward Petkus, Mary Baldwin College Michael C. Pickett, National University Peter Ping Li, California State University-Stanislaus Michael W. Pitts, Virginia Commonwealth University Laura Poppo, Virginia Tech Steve Porth, Saint Joseph’s University Jodi A. Potter, Robert Morris University Scott A. Quatro, Grand Canyon University Nandini Rajagopalan, University of Southern California

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PREFACE

Annette L. Ranft, North Carolina State University Abdul Rasheed, University of Texas at Arlington Devaki Rau, Northern Illinois University George Redmond, Franklin University Kira Reed, Syracuse University Clint Relyea, Arkansas State University Barbara Ribbens, Western Illinois University Maurice Rice, University of Washington Violina P. Rindova, University of Texas–Austin Ron Rivas, Canisius College David Robinson, Indiana State University–Terre Haute Kenneth Robinson, Kennesaw State University Simon Rodan, San Jose State University Patrick R. Rogers, North Carolina A&T State University John K. Ross III, Texas State University–San Marcos Robert Rottman, Kentucky State University Matthew R. Rutherford, Gonzaga University Carol M. Sanchez, Grand Valley State University Doug Sanford, Towson University

William W. Sannwald, San Diego State University Yolanda Sarason, Colorado State University Marguerite Schneider, New Jersey Institute of Technology Roger R. Schnorbus, University of Richmond Terry Sebora, University of Nebraska–Lincoln John Seeger, Bentley College Jamal Shamsie, Michigan State University Mark Shanley, University of Illinois at Chicago Ali Shahzad, James Madison University Lois Shelton, California State University–Northridge Herbert Sherman, Long Island University Weilei Shi, Baruch College, CUNY Chris Shook, Auburn University Jeremy Short, University of Oklahoma Mark Simon, Oakland University– Michigan Rob Singh, Morgan State University Bruce Skaggs, University of Massachusetts Lise Anne D. Slattern, University of Louisiana at Lafayette

Wayne Smeltz, Rider University Anne Smith, University of Tennessee Andrew Spicer, University of South Carolina James D. Spina, University of Maryland John Stanbury, George Mason University & Inter-University Institute of Macau, SAR China Timothy Stearns, California State University–Fresno Elton Stephen, Austin State University Charles E. Stevens, University of Wyoming Alice Stewart, Ohio State University Mohan Subramaniam, Carroll School of Management Boston College Ram Subramanian, Grand Valley State University Roy Suddaby, University of Iowa Michael Sullivan, UC Berkeley Extension Marta Szabo White, Georgia State University Stephen Takach, University of Texas at San Antonio Justin Tan, York University, Canada Qingjiu Tao, PhD, James Madison University Renata A. Tarasievich, University of Illinois at Chicago

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Linda Teagarden, Virginia Tech Bing-Sheng Teng, George Washington University Alan Theriault, University of California–Riverside Tracy Thompson, University of Washington–Tacoma Karen Torres, Angelo State University Mary Trottier, Associate Professor of Management, Nichols College Robert Trumble, Virginia Commonwealth University Francis D. (Doug) Tuggle, Chapman University K.J. Tullis, University of Central Oklahoma Craig A. Turner, PhD, East Tennessee State University Beverly Tyler, North Carolina State University

Rajaram Veliyath, Kennesaw State University S. Stephen Vitucci, Tarleton State University– Central Texas Jay A. Vora, St. Cloud State University Valerie Wallingford, Ph.D., Bemidji State University Jorge Walter, Portland State University Bruce Walters, Louisiana Tech University Edward Ward, St. Cloud State University N. Wasilewski, Pepperdine University Andrew Watson, Northeastern University Larry Watts, Stephen F. Austin University Marlene E. Weaver, American Public University System Paula S. Weber, St. Cloud State University Kenneth E. A. Wendeln, Indiana University

Robert R. Wharton, Western Kentucky University Laura Whitcomb, California State University-Los Angeles Scott Williams, Wright State University Ross A. Wirth, Franklin University Gary Wishniewsky, California State University East Bay Diana Wong, Bowling Green State University Beth Woodard, Belmont University John E. Wroblewski, State University of New York-Fredonia Anne York, University of Nebraska- Omaha Michael Zhang, Sacred Heart University Monica Zimmerman, Temple University

Second, we would like to thank the people who have made our two important “features” possible. The information found in our six “Insights from Research” was provided courtesy of www.businessminded.com, an organization founded by K. Matthew Gilley, PhD (St. Mary’s University) that transforms empirical management research into actionable insights for business leaders. We appreciate Matt’s graciousness and kindness in helping us out. And, of course, our “Executive Insights: The Strategic Management Process” would not have been possible without the gracious participation of Admiral William H. McRaven, Retired who is presently Chancellor of the University of Texas System, and Jana Pankratz, Executive Director.

Third, the authors would like to thank several faculty colleagues who were particularly helpful in the review, critique, and development of the book and supplementary materials. Greg’s and Sean’s colleagues at the University of Texas at Dallas also have been helpful and supportive. These individuals include Mike Peng, Joe Picken, Kumar Nair, John Lin, Larry

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PREFACE

Chasteen, Tev Dalgic, and Livia Markoczy. His administrative assistant, Shalonda Hill, has been extremely helpful. Four doctoral students, Brian Pinkham, Steve Sauerwald, Kyun Kim, and Canan Mutlu, have provided many useful inputs and ideas. He also appreciates the support of his dean and associate dean, Hasan Pirkul and Varghese Jacob, respectively. Greg wishes to thank a special colleague, Abdul Rasheed at the University of Texas at Arlington, who certainly has been a valued source of friendship and ideas for us for many years. He provided many valuable contributions to the Ninth Edition. Gerry thanks all of his colleagues at Michigan State University for their help and support over the years. He also thanks his mentor, Phil Bromiley, as well as the students and former students he has had the pleasure of working with, including Cindy Devers, Federico Aime, Mike Mannor, Bernadine Dykes, Mathias Arrfelt, Kalin Kolev, Seungho Choi, Danny Gamache, and Adam Steinbach. Alan thanks his colleagues at Pace University and the Case Association for their support in developing these fine case selections. Special thanks go to Jamal Shamsie at Michigan State University for his support in developing the case selections for this edition.

Fourth, we would like to thank the team at McGraw-Hill for their outstanding support throughout the entire process. As we work on the book through the various editions, we always appreciate their hard work and recognize how so many people “add value” to our final package. This began with John Biernat, formerly publisher, who signed us to our original contract. He was always available to us and provided a great deal of support and valued input throughout several editions. Presently, in editorial, Susan Gouijnstook, managing director, director Mike Ablassmeir, senior product developers Anne Ehrenworth and Katharine Glynn (of Piper Editorial) kept things on track, responded quickly to our seemingly endless needs and requests, and offered insights and encouragement. We appreciate their expertise—as well as their patience! Once the manuscript was completed and revised, content project manager Harvey Yep expertly guided it through the content and assessment production process. Matt Diamond provided excellent design and artwork guidance. We also appreciate executive marketing manager Debbie Clare and marketing coordinator Brittany Berholdt for their energetic, competent, and thorough marketing efforts. Last, but certainly not least, we thank MHE’s 70-plus outstanding book reps—who serve on the “front lines”—as well as many in-house sales professionals based in Dubuque, Iowa. Clearly, they deserve a lot of credit (even though not mentioned by name) for our success.

Fifth, we acknowledge the valuable contributions of many of our strategy colleagues for their excellent contributions to our supplementary and digital materials. Such content really adds a lot of value to our entire package! We are grateful to Pauline Assenza at Western Connecticut State University for her superb work on case teaching notes as well as chapter and case PowerPoints. Justin Davis, University of West Florida, along with Noushi Rahman, Pace University, deserve our thanks for their hard work in developing excellent digital materials for Connect. Thanks also goes to Noushi Rahman for developing the Connect IM that accompanies this edition of the text. And, finally, we thank Christine Pence, University of California-Riverside, for her important contributions in revising our test bank and chapter quizzes, and Todd Moss, Oregon State University, for his hard work in putting together an excellent set of videos online, along with the video grid that links videos to chapter material.

Finally, we would like to thank our families. For Greg this includes his parents, William and Mary Dess, who have always been there for him. His wife, Margie, and daughter, Taylor, have been a constant source of love and companionship. His father, a career U. S. Air Force pilot took his “final flight” on May 22, 2015. Truly a member of Tom Brokaw’s “Greatest Generation,” he completed flight school before his 21st birthday and flew nearly 30 missions over Japan in World War II as a B-29 bomber pilot before he turned 23. His wife, five children, and several

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