Radio lobo wichita ks el mercadito

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Latinos and Latinas at risk : issues in education, health, community, and justice / Gabriel Gutiérrez, editor. volumes cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-313-39925-1 (hardcopy : alk. paper) · ISBN 978-0-313-39926-8 (ebook) 1. Hispanic Americans·Social conditions·21st century. 2. Hispanic Americans·Politics and government·21st century. 3. Hispanic Americans· Education. 4. Hispanic Americans·Health and hygiene. 5. United States· Ethnic relations. I. Gutiérrez, Gabriel, 1967 editor of compilation. E184.S75L3676 2015 305.868'073·dc23 2014021943

ISBN: 978-0-313-39925-1 EISBN: 978-0-313-39926-8

19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5

This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details.

Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC

ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911

This book is printed on acid-free paper

Manufactured in the United States of America

v

Contents

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

Volume 1

Section 1: Latinos and Latinas: An Overview

1 Who Are Latinos and Latinas? 3 Gabriel Gutiérrez

Further Investigations: Who Are Latinos/as? 13

2 Latinos and Latinas: The 2010 U.S. Census 14 Gabriel Gutiérrez

3 Regional Distribution of Latino and Latina Population 20 Gabriel Gutiérrez

Further Investigations: Latinos/as and 2010 U.S. Census 26

4 Latinos/as and Racial Identification 27 Gabriel Gutiérrez

5 Politics, Economics, and Education of Latinos/as: The 2010 U.S. Census 36 Gabriel Gutiérrez

Further Investigations: Politics, Economics, and Education 53

Section 2: Cultural Diversity and Public Policy

6 Culture Wars, Violence, and Latinos/as 57 Gabriel Gutiérrez

7 The Latino/a Immigrant Threat Narrative and Anti-Latino Violence 66 Ana M. Hidalgo

Further Investigations: Culture Wars, Violence, and Latinos and Latinas 76

8 Diversity under Attack 77 Gabriel Gutiérrez

Further Investigations: Diversity under Attack 85

vi | Contents

9 Whiteness, Diversity, and Lack of Historical Perspective 86 Gabriel Gutiérrez

Further Investigations: Whiteness, Diversity, and Lack of Historical Perspective 96

10 U.S. Policy, Human Value, and Latinos/as at the Turn of the 21st Century 98 Gabriel Gutiérrez

Further Investigations: U.S. Policy and Human Value, and Latinos/as at the Turn of the Century 107

Section 3: Migration and Immigration

11 Discovery Myths: First People, First Settlers 111 Gabriel Gutiérrez

Further Investigations: Discovery Myths, First People, First Settlers 120

12 Chronology of Latinos/as in the Americas 121 Gabriel Gutiérrez

Further Investigations: The United States and Latin America 143

13 Latinidad and the Maya Diaspora in the United States 145 Alicia Estrada

14 Maya Youth and Cultural Sustainability in the United States 151 Flori Boj-Lopez

15 Three Generations of Indigeneity, Migration, and Identity 171 mark! Lopez

Further Investigations: Migration, Identity, and Cultural Sustainability 186

16 Immigration Laws and Latinos/as 188 Martha Escobar

17 „Secure Communities‰: Anti-Immigrant Policies and the Impact of ICE and Homeland Security 203 Bryant Partida

18 Immigration and Immigrant Stereotyping in the United States: Economy, Crime, and Harmful Myth Making 214 José M. Beltrán

Further Investigations: Immigration Policy Myths and Realities 228

19 The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act 230 Selene Salas

Contents | vii

20 The Rhetoric of the DREAM Act 242 José Prado

Further Investigations: Rhetoric and Policy of the DREAM Act 250

Section 4: The Economy, Politics, and Social Justice

21 The Great Recession and Its Impact on the Chicana/o Community 253 David Rodriguez

Further Investigations: The Great Recession 266

22 Economic Stratification: Understanding Latina/o Class Differences 267 Yanet Lopez

23 Remittances: The Risks and Opportunities of „Sending Money Home‰ 280 Jennifer Victoria

24 Latino/a Purchasing Power and Changing Dynamics of Marketing 291 Jocelyn Gomez

Further Investigations: Latino/a Economic Contributions and Developments 298

25 Latino/a Voter Suppression: An Overview of Methods 300 Raúl Melgoza Jr.

26 Environmental Racism 313 Rebecca Gómez