The _______ is a tough protective sheath that covers the brain and that lies closest to the skull.

PSY 540

Physiological Psychology

Text: Physiology of Behavior

Tenth Edition, 2010

ISBN-I0: 0205666272, ISBN-13: 9780205666270

Authors: Neil R. Carlson

Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

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Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

1. The portion of a neuron that carries information toward the cell body is the

a. dendrite

b. axon terminal

c. presynaptic membrane

d. soma

e. glial membrane

2. The physical gap that carries a neural message between two nerve cells is the

a. glial junction

b. axon contact

c. synapse

d. dendritic apposition

e. neural gap

3. Synapses are most commonly formed between atn) and a(n) _

a. axon terminal; dendrite

b. dendrite; soma

c. soma; glial

d. glial; dendrite

e. dendrite; axon terminal

4. The membrane of a nerve cell is comprised of _

a. protein molecules

b. vesicle remnants

c. a double layer of lipid molecules

d. cytoplasm

e. a single layer of lipid molecules interfaced with a layer of protein molecules.

5. The neuron is the most common nerve cell type in the central nervous system.

a. apolar

b. multiglial

c. unipolar

d. bipolar

e. multipolar

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6. A key function of the nerve cell is to transmit sensory information.

a. apolar

b. multipolar

c. unipolar

d. bipolar

e. C and D are correct.

7. Loss of dendritic branches on temperature and touch.

a. bipolar neurons

b. multipolar neurons

c. unipolar neurons

d. apolar neurons

e. motor neurons

. would be expected to impair the ability to sense

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8. Neurotransmitter molecules are most commonly secreted from the _

a. gl ial cell

b. dendrite

c. axon terminal

d. dendritic apposition

e. soma

9. A key function of specialized lipid molecules located in the nerve cell is to _

a. detect the presence of hormones outside the cell

b. form the membrane

c. form channels to carry ions in and out of the cell

d. transport molecules into the cell

e. transport vesicles within the neuron

10. Match up the internal cell structure with the function most closely associated with that structure.

a. Nucleolus; Production of cytoplasm

b. Ribosomes; Production of DNA

c. Lipid bilayer; Production of ribosomes

d. Nucleolus; Production of ribosomes

e. mR NA; Production of cytoplasm

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11. Cross-sections that resemble those of a salami and are perpendicular to the neuraxis are

produced by a section of the human brain.

a. transverse

b. horizontal

c. sagittal

d. frontal

e. A and D are correct.

12. In which view of the brain would one be able to note the presence of a specific structure in both hem ispheres?

a. Cross-medial

b. Frontal

c. Sagittal

d. Parasagittal

e. Either A or D are correct.

13. A section is made through the human brain and is parallel to the ground,

and a section through the spinal cord is parallel to the ground.

a. transverse; horizontal

b. horizontal; transverse

c. sagittal; midsagittal

d. frontal; coronal

e. parasagittal; midsagittal

14. A section made perpendicular to the ground and parallel to the neuraxis

through a human brain divides the brain into two symmetrical halves.

a. parasagittal

b. horizontal

c. midsagittal

d. frontal

e. A and B are correct.

15. The is formed by the cranial nerves and spinal nerves, plus the peripheral

ganglia.

a. Enteric Nervous System

b. Automatic Nervous System

c. Peripheral Nervous System

d. Somatic Nervous System

e. Central Nervous System

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16. Which of the following is true of fuel use by the brain?

a. Brain cells are able to use all fuels other than glucose.

b. The brain is always the last in line for new fuel.

c. The flow of blood to the brain depends on its momentary activity.

d. Interruption of blood flow for even a few seconds impairs brain function.

e. A and C are correct.

17. The brain and spinal cord form the _

a. Systemic Nervous System

b. Automatic Nervous System

c. Peripheral Nervous System

d. Somatic Nervous System

e. Central Nervous System

18. The bony covering that provides protection for the brain is termed the _

a. vertebral column

b. skull

c. blood-bone barrier

d. meninges

e. All of the above are correct.

19. The is a tough protective sheath that covers the brain and that lies closest to

the skull.

a. dura mater

b. pia mater

c. dorsa mater

d. subarachnoid membrane

e. midsagittal sinus

20. The brain floats within fluid, which is contained within the _

a. intracellular; pia mater

b. cerebrospinal; subarachnoid space

c. cerebrospinal; blood vessels

d. interstitial; subarachnoid space

e. extracellular; dura mater

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21. The is the middle layer of the brain meninges.

a. dura mater

b. pia mater

c. dorsa mater

d. arachnoid membrane

e. midsagittal sinus

22. In the peripheral nervous system, the and the fuse together to

form a single sheath that protects the spinal and cranial nerves and the autonomic ganglia.

a. dura mater; pia mater

b. arachnoid layer; dura mater

c. meninges; dura mater

d. arachnoid membrane; pia mater

e. glla, astrocytes

23. The four hollow and interconnected spaces within the brain form the _

a. choroid plexi

b. supra-arachnoid spaces

c. ventricles

d. meninges

e. spinal aqueducts

24. Which of the following is true of CSF?

a. CSF is produced within the venous sinuses.

b. CSF flows from the lateral ventricles toward the fourth ventricle.

c. CSF is produced in the fourth ventricle and flows toward the fifth ventricle.

d. CSF is a by-product of nerve cell activity.

e. CSF production is sped up during a seizure.

25. Brain CSF is secreted by the _

a. choroid plexus

b. subarachnoid villi

c. neurons of the hypothalamus

d. meninges

e. spinal aqueducts

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26. CSF flows from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle via the _

a. choroid plexi

b. subarachnoid spaces

c. massa intermedia

d. arachnoid granu lations

e. cerebral aqueduct

27. CSF is reabsorbed via the _

a. arachnoid granulations

b. choroid plexus

c. foramen of Magendie

d. nodes of Ranvier

e. dura mater

28. Which of the following is NOT correct regarding CSF?

a. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus.

b. The total brain volume of CSF is about 125 ml.

c. CSF functions to cush ion the brai n agai nst sharp movements.

d. More than 12 hours is required to replace half of the CSF volume in a human brain.

e. Loss of CSF would result in compression of brain tissue onto the ventral skull surface.

29. CSF is produced within the and reabsorbed into the blood by the

a. subarachnoid villi; choroid plexus

b. blood-brai n barrier; choroid plexus

c. gut; ventricles

d. ventricles; arachnoid granulations

e. Band C are correct.

30. Interruption of the flow of CSF through the brain ventricles results in _

a. anencephalus

b. ischemic stroke

c. Parkinson's disease

d. ALS

e. hydrocephalus

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3l. The perceptual attribute of best corresponds to the relative purity of a light

stimulus.

a. saturation

b. brightness

c. hue

d. threshold

e. contrast

32. Hue is to wavelength as saturation is to _

a. brightness

b. intensity

c. concentration

d. purity

e. threshold

33. Variation in the of a light will result in variation in the perception of

a. wavelength; brightness

b. saturation; brightness

c. wavelength; saturation

d. intensity; purity

e. wavelength; hue

34. The is me memorane that prevents a contact lens from slipping into the

space behind the eyeball.

a. iris

b. cornea

c. conjunctiva

d. vitreous humor

e. sclera

35. The term refers to the bony cavities that contain our eyes.

a. orbit

b. optic disk

c. optic sinus

d. conjunctiva

e. optic ossicle

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36. The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the size of the _

a. optic orbits

b. lens

c. sclera

d. pupil

e. conjunctiva

37. Damage to the muscles that connect the orbits with the sclera would be expected

to _

a. reduce the diameter of the pupil

b. impair movements of an eye

c. change the rate of eye-blinking

d. impair the ability of a person to blink to an air puff

e. increase the diameter of the pupil

38. The rods and cones are collectively referred to as _

a. photoreceptors

b. the hemiretina

c. the fovea

d. ganglion cells

e. vitreous humor

39. The process ur accomruonatton InVOlVeS _

a. the lens becoming smaller as one ages

b. contraction of the ciliary muscles to constrict the pupil

c. contraction of the ciliary muscles to dilate the pupil

d. hardening of the lens as one ages

e. the lens becoming more rounded to focus on near objects

40. A unique feature of the fovea is that it _

a. mediates vision in dim light

b. contains mostly cone photoreceptors

c. is devoid of photoreceptors

d. contains mostly rods

e. is unable to distinguish fine detail

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41. Rods in the retina _

a. allow us to detect colors

b. are good at detecting fine details in the visual field

c. are more sensitive to light than are cones

d. are most numerous at the optic disk

e. are fewer in number than are cones

42. The retinal optic disk is _

a. a region within retina that has the best visual acuity

b. where the rods are most densely packed

c. where the cones are most densely packed

d. where axons leave the eye and joi n the optic nerve

e. where visual signals begin to diverge laterally

43. Axons that arise from the cells form the optic nerve.

a. horizontal

b. bipolar

c. ganglion

d. amacrine

e. photoreceptors

44. The explanation for our "blind spot" in the visual field is that _

a. the lens cannot focus all of the visual field onto the retina

b. blood vessels collect together and enter the eye at the blind spot

c. rods are less sensitive to light than are cones

d. retinal cells die with age and overuse, resulting in blind spots

e. there are no photoreceptors in the retina where the axons exit the eye

45. Which of the following is true of the primate retina?

a. There are three different rod types within the retina.

b. The ganglion cells exhibit the greatest number of neuron types in the retina.

c. The retina contains one type of cone.

d. Photoreceptors form synapses with ganglion cells.

e. The retina contains about 55 different neuron types.

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46. A unique feature of the retinal circuitry is that _

a. there are more cones than rods in the retina

b. light must pass through the circuitry in order to stimulate the photoreceptors.

c. the rods are packed together at the center of the retina.

d. rods send signals through cones, which then activate the ganglion cells.

e. photoreceptors do not influence the activity of surrounding nerve cells.

47. The cells receive information from the photoreceptors and pass it on to the

ganglion cells.

a. amacrine

b. horizontal

c. bipolar

d. cones

e. photopigments

48. Which of the following do NOT belong together?

a. Rods; Sensitive to low levels of light

b. Cones; Provide excellent visual acuity

c. Cones; Provide information about hue

d. Rods; Most prevalent in the central retina

e. Blind spot; Lack of photoreceptors

49. Which of the following neuron types transmit information in a plane parallel to the surface of the reti no?

a. Amacrine

b. Multipolar

c. Bipolar

d. Unipolar

e. Nociceptor

50. Another name for the eardrum is the _

a. outer membrane

b. basilar membrane

c. tectorial membrane

d. tympanic membrane

e. pinna

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