The health and safety Essay

        Now the above scenario is about the health and safety; where there is the building that contractor is engaged with the construction of the estate of the domestic house on the site of the green field as well as it accessed for the primary road. Whereas the plan of the contractor is to construct the 50 houses where the site is approx. is 4 hectares and the plan of the house will be in two stories, which also contain the semidetached design as well as detached.

Whereas the house construction is to be the concrete blocks which has the cavity wall for the construction of the extender wall by the roofs which is also built by the use of the intuit plus the truss cut construction.

For the above Scenario, list 5 possible hazardous activities which might be encountered during the construction work?

According to the above scenario, there are the following hazardous activities that might be caused during the construction work;

Material and manual handling

Groundwater Recharge

Industrial Reuses

Potable Reuse

Water sustainability

Groundwater Recharge for the health and safety

        The 97% water of the planet is oceans’ salt water, and out of remaining 3%, the ice polar, mountains and snow water is 2%, which means the quantity of fresh water is only 1%. In this fresh water, the ratio of surface water is just 2%, and the remaining 98% freshwater comes from groundwater sources. The formation of groundwater is done by extreme rainfalls, and this water goes deep into the surface, and its percolation is done to reach groundwater and formation of aquifers. For humid and mild climates, almost 50% precipitation is infiltrated into the water beneath the ground.

        The 10 to 20 per cent precipitation in Mediterranean climates goes into the groundwater, and ratio for the dry climates can only be 1%, or it can be even less than 1% in various cases. The natural recharge rate determines and gives an estimate of how much water pumped from underground sources is safe for various uses for sustainable purposes. There are so many regions of the world, where groundwater is the only major source of fresh water, and that’s why the quantity of water pumped from underground is more than the actual recharge rate, which means that level of underground water is quickly going down. The experts in this field have raised serious questions on this practice, as they believe that such wells will be dry very soon if an excessive amount of water will be kept pumping in such areas. That’s why it is important to avoid any such situation by using artificial recharge method for the underground water. It has been mentioned earlier that 98% fresh water for this world is taken from underground sources, so there are lots of opportunities to recharge the water aquifers. This artificial recharge can be achieved with the application of water on the surface of the land when water is infiltrated in soil. The aquifer recharge has been found to be the most important method in reclaiming water by augmentation of water supply with the wastewater treatment, especially in dry areas. In coastal potable as well as non-potable aquifers, the reclaimed wastewater can be a handful for reducing the intrusion of saltwater with the help of groundwater recharge. It also helps in preventing the ground subsidence. There are areas, where agricultural irrigation is extensive; the aquifers are means to store ground recharge water, which eliminates the need for developing storing facilities so that other seasonal and occasional demands can be met for crops irrigation. There are a few potential issues identified with the flow as well as future farming in addition to aquaculture rehearses that may affect water quality. The Environmental Justice Foundation (2002) recognized a few apprehensions with respect to pesticide use in the health and safety environment. In spite of the fact that this class of pesticides is restricted under health and safety environment law, powerless authorization adds to proceeded to advertise nearness. There has been a proposal that the health and safety environment has turned into a dumping ground for pesticides prohibited in more created nations. The examined angle in two beachfront areas in health and safety environment, as well as three inland waterway areas; green mussels, were tested from six waterfront areas. Below demonstrate that in the vicinity of 1989 furthermore 1998, pesticide imports to health and safety environment multiplied, however, stayed level in the vicinity of 1998 moreover 2002. The investigation in Takeo region demonstrated 87% of the 120 ranchers reviewed utilized pesticides plus that there has been a relentless increment in pesticide use from 1993 to present. (Chenda & at.al, 2002).

Carry full Risk assessments on 2 of the above listed Hazardous activities

        Now the risk assessment of the Water sustainability and the portable industrial used hazardous activities are explained;

Firs, of there are some details about water sustainability which causes hazardous activities in the construction sites

Water sustainability for the health and safety

        It can be seen that sustainability is one of the most important concern in the health and safety sector for providing proper continuity service. The reason is that there is only sustainable water sector that has the ability to provide reliable services to the customers and are able to satisfy their customers. Basically, the concept of sustainability is taken from the existing resources and for the future developing different resources. The term sustainability is one of the most common and general term that can be used for a different perspective, and it is explained in the Water Environment Research Foundation. That includes the ability of such business through which it will become extremely easy to work in such an environment. According to this, there are different definitions of sustainability has been raised. This can be explained with the help of an example that the United Nation Environment Commission is involved in giving proper information related to sustainability. “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This definition is one of the most important that helps to open doors for many sectors. The most basic part of this definition is to give an idea about the environmental resources that can be used for the future generation.

        It has a huge impact on other development sectors. This resource will damage the economic and social life of the system. Therefore, there are different challenges that are faced by water as they have repaired, expand and maintain the water network system, so due to this, there will be potable water to the customers. These challenges are increased as the number of factors are increased like the population of the world, changes in the climate, environmental concerns, high development ageing water infrastructure, and another basis environmental concern. Moreover, it is more clear too many water utilities that there is a need to make a new approach for controlling the water system operations that will help to maintain a sustainable environment for the future. This system must have the ability to meet the present need for water.

        The present different requirement for reaching the water sustainability level. According to the information, these requirements include the need for water for the ecosystem and human health. Renewability of different water resources, the low-quality standard of water and in the last, there is an effective need for water planning and decision making by different democratic factor. Moreover, water must be considered as more than financial great, sharing water is a moral basic just as a declaration of human character and solidarity.

Industrial Reuses for the health and safety

        It is a fact that various kinds of consumption by a human being are constantly increasing with the passage of time, and to makes sure that demand is satisfied with enough supply, different industries are enlarging their size by expanding and they are also coming with diversity in products to meet demands. The stats revealed that out of 100%, the water consumed by different industries of the world is 10%. The way demand is increasing, it is expected that water consumption by industries will also quickly increase with time, and this increase will be more in numbers in developing world because their population is growing, but supply is not good enough. There are so many industries, which need a huge quantity of water such as oil, gasoline, chemicals, paper products, wood products, metal products industries. All of these products use water at a certain stage of production or manufacturing. There are different purposes of industries are served by using the water such as transporting, incorporating, cooling, diluting, washing, processing, as well as fabricating products, as these processes are required during the manufacturing activities .

        The reclaimed water usage has been observed to gradually increase in recent years across Europe as well as the United States because industrial usage is also coming with so much diversity. In the industrial and manufacturing process, the largest use of treated water is cooling in the United States. The industries are taking the use of reclaimed water into consideration as it is beneficial in so many ways. The power facilities’ demand for reuse water is huge as it is used in various processes. There is a number of processes for using reclaimed water as it is used in production facilities, paper mills, pulp, metalwork, chemical plants as well as petroleum refineries. There are many other industries, which have to use water in their industrial processes, and one prominent industry is the gravel and laundry washing operation. There are two primary types of reuse of wastewater with regards to potable purposes in different parts of the world; one is called direct, and other is called indirect potable reuse. The drinking water is attributed as direct potable reuse of the treated wastewater, and in this process, the quality of treated wastewater is high as it has to be included in the distribution system directly for drinking usage. There can be various examples of this direct use, and one comes from Namibia, where there is Windhoek Plant, where recycled water of 25% is diluted with the water, which is a natural resource for direct usage. This water comes with high quality, and that’s why it has never been reported that such water supply has been injurious to human healt. But there are disadvantages associated with IPR facilities as well because the water coming from IPR sources can be bad to health and taste, as various metabolites in this water have been found as toxic. To decrease the level of algae growth, treatment is needed to remove.

References of the health and safety Essay

Chenda, & at.al. (2002). Agro-Chemical Use in Cambodia, Case Study in Tramkak and Traing District,. Royal Government of Cambodia.