Abstract of Car Accidents Reduction

                This paper has discussed the causes of car accidents and how it can be reduced. Car accidents are random and multi factor. Car accident cause loss of life as well as property. On scene systems of data collection must consider the needs of an officer when implementing the latest technologies, most importantly, the car drivers should be given instruction and awareness that how they can avoid car accidents. The next section of the paper consists of literature review in the schemes proposed by Lozano et al., Bhumkar et al., and Khatri et al. are discussed to reduce the car accidents such as warning message, scheme for driver fatigue detection, and a scheme of traffic congestion detection routing. Sometimes, bad environmental or weather conditions, as well as road, cause car accidents. According to an estimation, around two million people lost lives due to car accidents around the globe per year. Furthermore, this paper discusses some of the effective ways by which car accidents can be prevented to a large extent such as put on seat belt while driving, defensive driving, don’t drink & drive, don’t speed while driving and be careful at intersections. Hence, this can be said that car accidents mostly happen because of the careless and rash driving, and lack of patience so the drivers need to take special care while driving to reduce car accidents

Introduction of Car Accidents Reduction

    The car accident problem is a very severe mostly in highway transportation because of the vehicular traffic’s complex flow pattern, mixed traffic presence along with pedestrians. Car accidents are random and multi factor. Car accident cause loss of life as well as property. Hence, it should be considered imperative by traffic engineers to take great responsibility for developing safe movements of traffic to the car drivers so that their safety could be ensured. Although a purpose of zero causality is challenging even some people to consider it impossible, with the latest advancement and technologies in the field reduce car accidents have become doable infractions per 100,000 populations (Bartley, 2008).

    Road safety data’s primary source is crash data that police officers collect at the scene. Police are unique and responsible in their ability to gather crash data on the scene right after the car accident happens along with the transient data that is erodible such as marks of the Tyre. Although a unique position is given to police to collect crash data, it is not their only responsibility. The major on scene responsibilities of police include re-establishing traffic flow as well as caring for injured persons and securing the crash site. This is why, on-scene systems of data collection must consider the needs of an officer when implementing latest technologies, most importantly, the car drivers should be given instruction and awareness that how they can avoid car accidents. This paper discusses the possible ways by which car accidents can be reduced (Weisburd, 2016).

Literature Review of Car Accidents Reduction

    Lozano et al. (2013) proposed the scheme of warning message regarding avoidance of traffic accidents between cars by sending a notification for warning in order to alert car drivers about the current accident’s condition. The author used a flooding scheme based on distance as a proposed scheme. The time of the reaction of the vehicle is calculated by the author after the accident occurs so that further traffic accidents could be prevented. Additionally, the author introduced a scheme of warning message dissemination for low priority messages so that efficient utilization of bandwidth could be achieved.

    Bhumkar et al. (2012) used real-time sensors and proposed a scheme for driver fatigue detection. The fatigue of driver, in the proposed scheme, will be immediately detected; if the car driver is drunk alcohol, a notification message is given and the ignition is turned off. A possibility of car accidents is avoided in this way. Outstanding performance is thereby a scheme of fatigue detection in the detection of human behaviour while driving.

    Khatri et al. (2014) in order to avoid car accidents, proposed a scheme of traffic congestion detection routing. This proposed scheme has a beauty that it depends on the central network infrastructure and data collection. In a collision of data, data are collected from a real-time environment. The data become advantageous only when it is shared with other vehicles, involving present location and velocity. Otherwise, the congestion location is simply shared with other vehicles. Less transmission overhead is achieved by the proposed scheme along with efficient bandwidth utilization. This scheme, however, functioned in a homogenous vehicular environment only, but in a heterogeneous vehicular environment, it is not tested.

Prevention of Car Accidents Reduction

        Car crash, otherwise known as a car accident, road accidents, car wrecks, or auto accidents, is a state where two or more vehicles collide with another or with some other thing on the road, thereby causing either the damage of property or mostly in the injury of people. Sometimes, bad environmental or weather conditions, as well as road, cause car accidents. According to an estimation, around two million people lost lives due to car accidents around the globe per year (Osho, 2001). Following are some of the effective ways by which car accidents can be prevented to a large extent:

1) Put on seat belt while driving:

         for many drivers, wearing a seat belt could be annoying. However, this way is highly vital to reduce car accidents chances. Passengers including kids and adults as well as drivers must put on seat belt and it has been made mandatory in some nations (Bartley, 2008).

2) Defensive Driving:

        Becoming a defensive driver is one of the best ways to avoid cat accidents. The driver may be cautious, however, it is not essential that he or she can easily overcome the reckless car driving. The car driver, being a defensive driver, is able to foresee possible car accidents. Additionally, being courteous is a great way to avoid car accidents. Being courteous makes a car driver defensive and intends him or her to not race with some other car (Osho, 2001).

3) Don’t Drink & Drive:

     One of the prime reasons for car accidents, according to records, is driving while drunk. When a person drives a car while being under the effect of alcohol or drugs that may lead to motor skills imparity or some mental disorder then chances of the accident become very high. Drunk driving causes many of the fatal accidents and it is completely preventable. Hence, all a driver has to do is avoid driving while he or she is drunk and refrain from taking alcohol or other drugs before going somewhere (Osho, 2001).

4) Don't Speed while driving:

     The car accidents can also be minimized by maintaining controlled and constant speed of the car as well as by leaving an enough and safe amount of distance between other cars and own car. Additionally, car accidents can be avoided by properly adjusting the car mirrors and through checking the rear mirror and side mirrors in every fifteen seconds (Weisburd, 2016).

5) Be careful at Intersections:

        For various road accidents, intersections are considered as one of the prime reasons so it is necessary to take    special care by looking left and right and then left while proceeding through intersections so that it could make sure that area is totally clear. Having a clear idea on the condition of environment and road, apart from these, is very beneficial during the winter season or rainy weather (Weisburd, 2016).

    In recent years, although, so many innovative campaigns have been organized by traffic engineers or social workers to avoid or prevent car accidents, it still occurs frequently. Hence, this can be said that car accidents mostly happen because of the careless and rash driving, and lack of patience. So, drive carefully and safely.

Conclusion on Car Accidents Reduction

        In a nutshell, car accident cause loss of life as well as property so it should be considered imperative by traffic engineers to take a great responsibility of developing safe movements of traffic to the car drivers so that their safety could be ensured. Although a unique position is given to police to collect crash data and on-scene responsibilities of police include re-establishing traffic flow as well as caring for injured persons and securing the crash site. In the previous researches, Lozano et al. proposed the scheme of warning message regarding avoidance of traffic accidents between cars by sending a notification for warning and alert car drivers about accident condition. Furthermore, Bhumkar et al. and Khatri et al. used real-time sensors to propose a scheme for driver fatigue detection and a scheme of traffic congestion detection routing respectively. Some of the effective ways by which car accidents can be prevented to a large extent are put on seat belt while driving; defensive driving; don’t drink & drive; don’t speed while driving, and be careful at intersections. Car accidents mostly happen because of the careless and rash driving, and lack of patience so the actions are required at the driver’s end.

References of Car Accidents Reduction

Bartley, G. P. (2008). Traffic Accidents: Causes and Outcomes. Nova Publishers.

Bhumkar, S. P., Deotare, V. V., & Babar, R. V. (2012). Accident avoidance and detection on highways. Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol, 3(2), 247-249.

Garcia-Lozano, E., Barba, C. T., Igartua, M. A., & Campo, C. (2013, June). A distributed, bandwidth-efficient accident prevention system for interurban VANETs. In 2013 International Conference on Smart Communications in Network Technologies (SaCoNeT) (Vol. 1, pp. 1-5). IEEE.

Khatri, D.; Rathod, P.D.; Gajjar, P.A.; Khanna, D.; Professor, A. (2014). Traffic Congestion Detection and Avoidance in VANET. Int. J. Sci. Res. Dev, 2, 2321–2613.

Osho, O. L. (2001). Reducing Road Accidents. Safety Alliance.

Weisburd, S. (2016). Does Police Presence Reduce Car Accidents? Pinhas Sapir Center for Development, Tel Aviv University.