Introduction of Advanced Engineering Materials

                 Anything when reduced and miniaturized to a hundredth scale of manometer, it grows new specifications. The type doesn’t matter but different abilities emerge with the miniaturization according to Chemistry Professor, Chad Mir kin at Northwestern Institute. It is actually what discovers new directions for technology and makes the nano materials and nano particles the future for taking technological devices to another step. Although they have a very strange set of physical and chemical properties, what actually matters is the scale that they possess.

        Nanotechnology is helping substantially in the improvement and revolution of numerous industry and technology sectors. It is helpful in information technology, environmental science, food safety, energy, transportation, medicine, and homeland security. In many other fields, nano materials help in increasing the efficiency and multiplying the benefits. No doubt, it is the scale of nanotechnology that plays the biggest role in all the advantages and reducing the limitations of the present technology.

Basics of Nano-materials and Nanotechnology of Advanced Engineering Materials

        When it comes to the size that nano-materials possess, it really is hard to believe just how small they are. If a meter is considered then it is a billionth part. In order to understand their size in a more simplified way, figures are considered. For example in an inch, there are almost 25, 400, 000 manometers. Taking another example at a substantial level, if the whole earth is one meter then a manometer is a single marble. A single sheet of a newspaper is almost about one hundred thousand thick considering manometers.

        The ability that is involved in the nanotechnology concerns the controlling of individual molecules and atoms. Every single thing is composed of atoms from our clothes to our food.  Although controlling something that is invisible to a naked eye is not possible but it was changed when different microscopes were gotten by scientists. Nanotechnology is evolving constantly, however, different nano materials have been used for a long time. Studies and researches are being conducted to discover new ways to make the different technological and other materials at a compressed state. Nano materials, after all, possess higher strength, high chemical reactivity, increased manipulation of light spectrum, and mostly their lighter weight (Nano, 2018).

IT processes and Electronics of Advanced Engineering Materials

        Most of the advantages of nanotechnology and materials depend on the fact that they bigger structures can be customized to very small levels in order to attain some specific characteristics. Using the nano materials, devices and equipment can be made far stronger than they were before. In the field of electronics and computing, nano materials have contributed a lot by making the size of components smaller, faster, and easily portable. With the use of nano materials, systems and technological devices are able to store a large extent of information.

        The basic switches transistor which give the power of modern computing, they have shrunken continuously over the time with the nanotechnology. In 2014, a transistor with thee manometer size was created by Intel.  Moving on, a seven manometer transistor was created by IBM in 2015. It means that in the future, the whole memory of the system might be stored and saved in a single small chip.

        RAM or Magnetic Random Access Memory can give the power to computers to boot very quickly, almost in an instant. With the use of magnetic tunnel junctions, data can be saved in a flash and replayed in case of a sudden shutdown.

        Taking the advantage of smaller size, more stretchable, powerful, and fordable electronics are entering several fields such as aerospace applications and medical applications etc. Flexible electronics with a smaller size have been produced such as the semiconductor nano membranes for several applications in e-reader displays and smartphones. Other cellulose nano materials and simple nano materials like ephemera are being utilized for different types of flexible electronic components.

        Some other small electronic and computing products compromise of flash memory chips with their use in smartphones along with the thumb drives. They are not only smaller but are also cheaper compared to their expensive and bigger substitutes.

Healthcare and Medical Applications of Advanced Engineering Materials

        With the use of nano materials, medical tools have already reached a broader standard. Although nanotechnology has many other uses in the field of healthcare and medical, nano materials have shrunken the tools and made them stronger and open for the efficient treatment of diseases (Tonelli, et al., 2015)

        With the use of nano materials, more efficient and effective diagnostic and imaging tools are developed for a quick diagnosis. With such tools, success rates of better therapeutic and more treatment options are increased.

        The engineering and design of the solid-state nano pore materials that are advanced can give the ability to produce sequencing technologies for novel gene. With such technologies, detection of single-molecule will be enabled at a very low cost, minimal sample instrumentation and preparation, and high speed.

How nano materials help in all the above discussed fields of Advanced Engineering Materials

        It is not tough to realize that the size of nano materials contribute the most to almost all the properties that they seem to possess. In all the above fields, the benefits have described high efficiency and a broad range of new specification. However, what is it that actually plays as the main player for the reduction in size? There are two components that are utilized to convert the bigger devices and materials into smaller ones.

        For a long time, silicon has been replaced by a stronger component which is Geographer in the integrated circuits. It can be used to develop more powerful and stronger devices that can substitute the predecessors. A high quality geographer is not only stronger, lighter, and transparent when it comes to conducting electricity and health.  Compared to the steel, it is harder and can be cooled, it can even repair itself. It doesn’t heat up and need less energy which is required by silicon. Layers or a single layer of geographer are included in the cylinders of Carbon nanotube. The diameters go to almost 20nm from 0.8nm. These tubes are utilized for several purposes like the electromagnetic fields, coatings, thin electronic materials, water filters, sports materials, automotive parts, and energy storage. Almost all of the study at the moment is based on these materials and their implementation in the electronic devices for a better performance (Zhang, Huang, Qian, Zhang, & Wei, 2013)

Conclusion on Advanced Engineering Materials

        Nano materials hold the power to change the future of not only technological components but also many other practices. Considering the size of earth, they have the size of a marble if nothing less in meters. If technology is compressed to a substantial level, they will develop the properties more powerful than before. Furthermore, the efficiency increases along with the status concerned with the weight (Boyle, 2012)

        In the fields of both IT and medical, nano materials contribute a lot. They help in increasing the capability of the technological components by decreasing their weight and giving them the power to access the directions which were blocked before. From transistors to the medical tools, they take the ability to a different level and it is unimaginable to believe that such capabilities are given by nano materials. In the reduction of size carbon nanotube and geographer play as main players. Further research can help in reducing the limitations of nano particles such as impurity and instability that they seem to possess.

Recommendations of Advanced Engineering Materials

        The application of nano particles should be made more common among different fields so people can take advantage of the affordability and high efficiency. Considering the major instability of the materials or particles, it is important to retain them in a safe way so the chances of a reaction are as low as possible. Using them in an unstable form is highly dangerous. Thus, they should be retained in such a way that no harm comes from using them. Due to their high reactivity, they don’t spare the impurity and become impure which makes it important for them to be encapsulated.

        Although nano materials should be used more in the common appliances, it is also important for the development of policies which involve their safe recycling.

References of Advanced Engineering Materials

Boyle, R. (2012, Novermber 15). 7 Amazing Ways Nanotechnology Is Changing The World. Retrieved from Popsci: https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-11/7-amazing-ways-nanotechnology-changing-world

Nano. (2018). What is Nanotechnology? Retrieved from Nano: https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/definition

Tonelli, F. M., Goulart, V. A., Gomes, K. N., Ladeira, M. S., Santos, A. K., Lorençon, E., et al. (2015). Graphene-based nanomaterials: biological and medical applications and toxicity. Nanomedicine , 15, 2423-2450.

Zhang, Q., Huang, J.‐Q., Qian, W.‐Z., Zhang, Y.‐Y., & Wei, F. (2013). The road for nanomaterials industry: A review of carbon nanotube production, post‐treatment, and bulk applications for composites and energy storage. Small , 9 (8), 1237-1265.