Sports and Media Why Do People Watch Sport?

SOURCE 1:

Apostolou, M., Frantzides, N., & Pavlidou, A. (2014). Men Competing, Men Watching: Exploring Watching-Pattern Contingencies in Sports. International Journal of Sport Communication, 7, 462-476.

Summary of content:

This article explores the asymmetrical nature of sports consumption and whether people are more interested in watching males compete than female. The study concluded that both Men and Women prefer to watch males compete. The study was conducted on 19 different sports and found that men are more interested in male sports. The article also discusses the coverage of sports on TV and the increasing coverage of women’s sport over the last decade to target female demographic.

Relevance and evaluation:

This study is relevant due to the evolution and the increased coverage of women’s sport to attract and increase sports consumption with the female demographic.

SOURCE 2:

CAREY, K. M., & MASON, D. S. (2016). DAMAGE CONTROL: MEDIA FRAMING OF SPORT EVENT CRISES AND THE RESPONSE STRATEGIES OF ORGANIZERS. Event Management, 119-133.

Summary of content:

This article analyses the media’s role in framing sport event crises and how the organisers deal with the crises. Hosting of major sporting events is usually to promote tourism to the city and the nation and are used for infrastructure development. Hosting major events require signification work and management of resources, failure to do that can result in a crisis. Media coverage plays an important role in portraying the event. 

Relevance and evaluation:

This study analyses the effects of media coverage on big events and whether that has a positive or negative effect on sports consumption. Media portraying a sporting event as negative can have a negative effect on viewership of the sport.

SOURCE 3:

CONSTANTINESCU, M., & CĂESCU, Ş. C. (2014). The young sport consumer: doing or watching sports? Romanian Journal Of Marketing, 52-59.

Summary of content:

This paper analyses young people’s tendency to migrate from active to passive involvement, going from playing sport to just being a spectator. The authors use quantitative research to find sports that are still appealing to and how young people commit to the sport. The main aim of this study is to reduce sedentarism and to get young people active again.

Relevance and evaluation:

This article aims to reduce sedentarism and to understand why people watch sports rather than participating and trying to understand which sports are still appealing to young people.

SOURCE 4:

Darvin, L., & Sagas, M. (2017). Objectification in Sport Media: Influences on a Future Women’s Sporting Event. International Journal of Sport Communication, 178-195.

Summary of content:

This journal article investigates objectification in sports media covering female sports event from U.S consumers. The authors also investigate previous consumer behaviours to analyse the coverage of women’s sports events in the future. The study concluded that objectified images had no effect on future consumer behaviour for people who previously viewed women’s sporting event.

Relevance and evaluation:

This study is relevant as it analyses the objectification in sports media influencing future women’s sporting event and directly relates to sports consumption and why people watch sport.

SOURCE 5:

Devlin, M. B., & Brown-Devlin, N. (2017). Using Personality and Team Identity to Predict Sports Media Consumption. International Journal of Sport Communication, 371-392.

Summary of content:

This journal article examines the average time spent on consuming sports media and whether individual personality plays a part in sports consumption. Using surveys, the authors found that personality significantly predicts team identity and its effect on direct and indirect sports media consumption.

Relevance and evaluation:

This research will be relevant due to the findings which highlight that individual’s personality traits play an increasing role in the direct and indirect consumption of sports media which will allow for better communication and increase relationships.

The author's contribution is the foundation of a new area of research for future use and best practices for sports communication.

SOURCE 6:

Forde, S., & Wilson, B. (2018). Radical Sports Journalism?: Reflections on ‘Alternative’ Approaches to Covering Sport-Related Social Issues. Sociology of Sport Journal, 66-76

Summary of content:

The journal article researches sports media activism (SMA) and how, why and what purposes the activists engage with social sport-related issues. The authors analyse sport related activism and the role of media in the activism and suggest learning by taking the sport seriously. The study concludes with the authors suggesting to take sports seriously to highlight sport related social issues.

Relevance and evaluation

This study relates to the emerging Sports Media Activism (SMA) which could directly impact sports consumption and to take sports more seriously.

This study contributes to sports media activism and how we how should be taking sports seriously.

SOURCE 7:

Hamer, M., Weiler, R., & Stamatakis, E. (2014). Watching sport on television, physical activity, and risk of obesity in older adults. BMC Public Health.

Summary of content:

This study analyses the effects of watching sports on TV and the risk of obesity arising from watching too much sports on TV. The authors analyse the correlation between watching sports on TV and whether that promotes physical activity and risk of obesity. The results found no association between watching sports and increasing physical activity levels and found that watching sports every day led to a higher risk of obesity. The research concluded that watching elite athletes may have no impact in promoting physical activity.

Relevance and evaluation:

This study is relevant as it answers the question of whether people consume sport to motivate themselves to perform physical activities.

The author's contribution is towards identifying the previously unknown effects of sports consumption on health.

SOURCE 8:

Harris, K. (2013). Gender Stereotypes, Gender Segregation, and Credibility: Crossing the Lines in Sports Media. The International Journal of Sport and Society, 137-152.

Summary of content:

The Journal article examines the current gender stereotypes, segregation and credibility specifically of woman’s credibility regarding commentating male and female sporting events. The author Kami Harris compared the credibility of male and female commentators discussing similar basketball games. The author concluded both genders share relatively equal credibility owing to different factors such as the total amount of sports events watched with the commentator. Male commentators received higher qualification and dynamism ratings from their gender in men’s basketball game, and females received better ratings for women’s basketball games.

Relevance and evaluation:

This study will be relevant and will help analyse whether gender stereotypes and credibility impact sports consumption.

SOURCE 9:

Scheadler, T., & Wagstaff, A. (2018). States Sports Academy Exposure to Women’s Sports: Changing Attitudes Toward Female Athletes. Sport Journal, 1. Retrieved from              http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=130071301&site=eds-live&scope=site&authtype=cookie,ip,athens

Summary of content:

Coverage of women’s sport has been steadily increasing over the past decade. The author believes that the media is using Agenda-Setting to make sports fans believe that women’s sports are boring and less desirable to reduce the coverage of women’s sport. The authors believe that there is prejudice towards female athlete and concluded after completing a study where participants received highlights of women’s sports regularly which resulted in decreased prejudice towards female athlete but no effect on decreased prejudice towards women’s sports.

Relevance and evaluation:

This study highlights the prejudice and consumption of women’s sport, even though coverage of women’s sport is increasing, the prejudice remains.

SOURCE 10:

Woratschek, H., Durchholz, C., Maier, C., & Strobel, T. (2017). Innovations in Sport Management: The Role of Motivations and Value Cocreation at Public Viewing Events. Event Management, 21, 1-12.

Summary of content:

In this article, the authors investigated the motivations of why people consume sports whether that’s through watching in stadium or television. The study was conducted during UEFA EURO 2008 competition in Switzerland, and 498 spectators were interviewed. The author found two new motivational drivers for sports consumption in public viewing events in hoping to assist innovation in sports management and sports increased sports consumption.

Relevance and evaluation:

This study is relevant as it directly relates to the research topic and analyses consumer behaviour and the motivation of sports consumption.

SOURCE 11:

Hmarai, J. (2018). What is eSports and why do people watch it? 1-10.

Summary of content:

In this article we are going to discuss about the eSports in terms of making people active and concerned about their sports activities. The eSports are the form of primary aspect of the sports that are being facilitated by the electronic systems. It stores the inputs and outputs of the people actually sports men and women and this system is meditated by human computer interfaces. It is the motivational scale for the consumption of sports that is the most important measuring instrument for the general consumption in sports. The commonly accepted guidelines are the reliability and validity of the instruments with commonly accepted guidelines. The findings and the results of the eSports is to acquire knowledge about the novelty of eSports in terms of examining the measurements of models and its structural model. Now a days a millions of people spectator eSports. The investigation presents a gratification of related determinant of people who are spectating eSports on the internet. The purpose of the study of eSports that can be seen as a form of sports. The electronic system is not only making the lives of people easy and active. All the results of the discussions make the workings very much important and effective as well.

Relevance and evaluation:

SOURCE 12:

Gantz, W. (2014). Sports on Traditional and Newer Digital Media. 760-768.

Summary of content:

In this article, it is described as a basic media management in terms of making the lives in a proper and efficient way. In this article it is described as the best and most efefcictent way of working in this term or in these working aspects.

Relevance and evaluation: