There are many changes in
the people’s life style in past ten years with encountering change in their
everyday habits. Internet of things is created to make everyone as a part of
the human centric networks by making low-cost and low-power technologies
affordable to everyone. Most of the care services will be derived within next
fifteen years. It is expected to have wearable from phones and monitoring from
phones is of 24 hours with handling of mentioned devices. From hospitals to end
users, it will provide extensive production regarding sensing technologies. In medical
records, these valuable devices owned by physicians and patients is one of the
most competitive and challenges topics for research in the next 10 years. In
association with new challenges and requirements, there will be new security
policies and millions of IoT devices. There are several challenges that are
expected such as privacy, node failure and other various factors the
researchers have discussed systems of healthcare in a new proposed manner. The
main focus of these papers is to fulfill requirements related to security and
companies are providing different challenges that can serve healthcare benefits
in a virtual way with the use of monitoring devices for patient care and
current status. Modified dynamic policy rules are set by compliance body at
international level to get accountability in specialized way in perspective of
compliance issues that are related to IoT.
For conversion of large
amount of money to data it is observed for the business that is based on IoT
with the help of technologies. User’s privacy in business protection was
tackled as a challenge. There is big data exchange between devices and IoT
networks due to which privacy challenge has become a challenge. In this paper,
there is introduction of various approaches to the users and IoT based
interactions while policy based framework is implementing. Privacy challenges
that are expected will suffer by IoT in the upcoming time. On the involved
stakeholders, the thing that will widely affect is privacy of patients.
Health related internet
of things is playing a major role in health care management and disease
prevention as health care data collection is easy (Schmidt & Verweij, 2013). At that time, world
is moving so far and people are using technologies in versatile way. Patients
are now treated online and people provide their data at internet for the
consultancy of their doctor. They describe their conditions very well with all
the related problems with respect to which patients get their treatment. It is
very helpful in a way but in online consultancy and treatment, an issue arise about
the private information of the patient that patient has provided to doctor.
This information is not secure enough and can be used by some other person
creating ethical, legal and social challenges. There are various health care
apps that are available and easy to access (Lupton, 2015). Several opportunities and challenges
related to ethical, legal and social aspects will be discussed in research
proposal with various implementations and recommendations.
Literature
review of Medical internet of things and big data in
healthcare
The research that has
been done in by previous researchers for privacy and security has been
mentioned there. In new IoT environment, principles of Australian privacy could
secure the privacy at individual level. To overcome legal challenges, legal
evolution was proposed. To be specialized in security and accountability of
legal issues related to IoT, dynamic modification policy rules are set by an
international legal body. The authors do research on security issues that are
in relation to healthcare IoT application with its effectiveness, problems
related to employees and integration of various devices of IoT in health care
system by investigating detailed interoperability. Some other authors also
studied some challenges by cars number recorded as 70 billion with 7 billion of
for human’s connection of devices at versatile level and number is in thousands
of billions to the infrastructure of internet.
The flexible products are
not offered by market that can use interchangeably but some of the devices are
offered by formers which form route to preconfigured servers. While integration
of billions of IoT devices in various terms is done, this type of solution does
not provide extreme solutions. However, by the use of service-oriented
architectures, for the base of middleware architecture in fixed network, a
mechanism is required. There are also some examples in literature which shows
that personal privacy can be dismissed as data send consists of information as
well as physical privacy. It can transgress social, temporal and ethical
borders and there has shown decisional disturbances from third parties with the
dissemination of personal information.
The IoT system sensors
have versatility in its types according to its requirement and use. Such as
presence of medical applications, blood pressure, temperature, level of sugar
etc. only few family gadgets are sold these days that are without sensors.
Positioning technology is utilized by IoT to determine the exact position of
patient with the help of GPS that uses satellite for monitoring of position of
patient. Today technology use is increasing at extensive level but it is
putting humanity on the edge by creating several problems that can affect many
aspects.
There is use of
positioning technology as there are various technologies versatile range
positioning and localization and the most common is use of GPS which is used to
localized a patient and thus contribute to their privacy issues and security
threats related to the cure of disease while getting treatment from the
internet of things. A radio electronic device is concerned with new field of
communication and it is operating with a frequency of 13.57 MHz which can be
used for the communication of different devices when range with a limitation of
range of 20cms. There has been seen its installation fir connecting devices
with mobile phones to get efficient approach.
Aims
and significance of Medical internet of things and big
data in healthcare
As people are moving
towards technology, a lot of private information security issues arise while
using technology in medicine field and cure of patient with websites. This
research proposal aims to identify the opportunities and the challenges related
to health care and IoT with various issues and recommendations to limit these
issues. This research will also explain about the ethical and legal issues with
health related internet of things. This proposal will also able to provide the
standards for establishment. With the adaptation of this research proposal, security
issues of patients while curing online will resolve in authentic way.
As a lot of work has been
done in relation of internet of thing with medical health care which clearly
mention that still flexible devices are not offered from market which can
authentically protect the information that is submitted online and still no
specific protection is available to clients that are from all over the world.
This proposal will give some recommendations or parameters that can be adopted
by market to provide flexible devices.
Research
plan
of Medical internet of things and big data in healthcare
Ethical
issues of Medical internet of things and big data in
healthcare
Issues can be considered
from a lot of perspective that are highlighting related issues with different concerns.
These are considered as one of the main issue and a lot of work is needed to
overcome these issues as it can provoke other social and legal issues and put a
patient on edge. These issues are mentioned as:
Personal
privacy of Medical internet of things and big data in
healthcare
As health related IoT is
operate in private as well as public environment. In this way, third party can
analyze the behavior and health data about the patient. Opportunity for data
sharing is created in this way. This will improve health care with increasing
monitoring and personalized interventions but at the same time it is creating
opportunity for distorting expectations regarding privacy (Pasluosta, Gassner, Winkler, & Klucken, 2015). As H-IoT is using
in chronic illness management, on the basis of requirement of technology, violation
of privacy can be justified in terms of safety concerns.
It is multifaceted right
so its violation can lead to both social and physical aspects. These internet
access are creating a window to personal information and client location is
also accessed that can be used by third party against client. Privacy is linked
to cameras (Leone, Diraco, & Siciliano, 2011). Monitoring
technologies expressed patients in feeling of being watched and create psychological
disturbance. These privacy issues can be dismissed if violate the presence of
monitoring devices. There must be justifications of these safety issues when
violated.
Obtrusiveness
and stigma of Medical internet of things and big data in
healthcare
User acceptance is
affected by perceived visibility of H-IoT devices in its long term use (De Bleser, Vincke, Ruppar, & Vanhaecke, 2011). Obtrusiveness is
evaluation by patient that is based on effects linked with technology that are
psychologically and physically dominant (Ebersold, 2016). This describes the difference between
mental and physical obtrusiveness with a sense leads to system function by
disabling the system or by walking around pressure sensors. When H-IoT is used
in personal spaces such as residential care or home, its psychological
disappearance can cause ethical issues. By using these devices at home can
preserve its intrapersonal information but at the same time if the user forget
that monitoring is occurring, the validity of consent is undermined.
The degree at which
devices work at noticeable rates both at home and in public referred as
visibility. It is not equal to obtrusiveness as it describes their impacts on
the user’s perception or other. Highly visible devices can be problematic as
monitoring has influence n patient behavior. Some people need independence at
home despite of facing safety risks. Design of consumer devices can minimize
the safety risks and impacts can be reduced by using minimal visible devices.
Social
issues of Medical internet of things and big data in
healthcare
There can be contribution
to social isolation of patients who use H-IoT at home for managing their health
conditions (Ya-HueiWu & ChristineFassert, 2012). If monitoring by
H-IoT is controlled on daily basis than the need to visits medical personals
can be reduce. With care, it can alter personal and social interactions instead
of supplementing them. Home acre robots can be considered with H-IoT and as a
solution, social networking has been proposed. If it sufficiently replaces
users and human cares than installation of robots is successful. These various
types of interactions will contribute to patient mental health and can bring
about some ethical and social problems with nature and scope of medicine and
health care practitioners concern.
Challenges of
Medical internet of things and big data in healthcare
There are various
challenges while using IoT as healthcare and medication center and these
challenges are mentioned as:
No
way out of Medical internet of things and big data in
healthcare
In health care
applications, there is considered as high dependency of patient on IoT network.
The patient is totally immersed in it and there is no way out (Bakr & Azer, 2017).
Miniaturization of
Medical internet of things and big data in healthcare
Now devices are coming in
Nano-sizes as large computers are diminishing. The technologies are coming in
transparent form. Thus maintenance of any kind audit, traffic control or
quality control is not possible because of various numbers of devices with very
Nano size.
IoT
globalization of Medical internet of things and big
data in healthcare
As in medical center,
services are provided widely so cannot be localized at one place. To deal with
new concepts, it is a challenge for nation because information related to
client is gathered and is send to the state that is concerning with providence
of health care services.
Business
models at next level of Medical internet of things and big
data in healthcare
With the use of IoT,
companies will create new models for their business that will take available
data in consideration. The services will be provided on remote basis so virtual
hospitals will take place and information will be delivered from one site to other
increasing the chances of privacy issues.
Vagueness of
Medical internet of things and big data in healthcare
Because of the ease of
transformation from one source to another, it is more difficult to
differentiate between physical and virtual devices. As it is more difficult, it
can arise as a challenge for more benefits provided by health care services in
link to connection of devices.
Problem
of identification of Medical internet of things and big
data in healthcare
As it is need of a
specific network to login because of installation of millions of devices,
identification problems will appear with problems related to identity proofs.
Identity proof problem can put customer or patient in confusion to get specific
benefits from these devices.
Ultra-availability of
Medical internet of things and big data in healthcare
There is 24/7 service by
billions of devices that results in exposure to more malicious attacks because
of massive data. As a lot of customers visit different links to get their
health well, they gave their data by sharing their particular problem which can
increase its vulnerability to attacks and exposure by third parties.
Autonomous
and unexpected behavior of Medical internet of things and
big data in healthcare
A hybrid network will
result because human beings as well will consider as part of IoT with other
devices. These interconnected devices can alter the human actions. Its
continuous use will lead to complicated behavior that is not easy to understand
by users.
Technology
issues of Medical internet of things and big data in
healthcare
The state of health care
data is the biggest technical barrier in achievement of vision. There is
exchange of data between different websites or storing material with the use of
standard vocabulary and message formats. Data fragmentation problem will not resolve
with this. The data can be truly useful for patient in the only way when
information is collected from different means and gathered collectively in
systematic way with sending to the particular patient.
Author identification of Medical internet of things
and big data in healthcare
The actual author for delivering data is difficult
to know. The concern also arises about using particular data without permission
of patient.
Public and private
border line of Medical internet of things and big data in healthcare
For user’s information in the absence of defined
boundaries, there is construction of border line between public and private
life that is virtually transparent.
Legal issues of Medical internet of
things and big data in healthcare
The next question arises is about legal issues
related to IoT health care and this is of great concern because of the
transparency of private and public boundaries. The first issue will arise is
about the one who is responsible for the internet go down during medication and
to whom the patient report. The second issue is about the availability of
standards and laws to deal with such kind of situation. What happened if the
medical service provider is out of range and not connecting?
Regulations and standards of Medical internet of
things and big data in healthcare
There must be more focus on IoT by government and
other regulators. There are a lot of issues and challenges that are necessary
to highlight for privacy and data protection (Walker, 2014). There is need to design IoT from
start:
Privacy by default and design as there is needed
to ensure position of default accessible as least possible for getting personal
data.
There must be use of law and proper guidelines for
collection of data of patient who visit to get cure. For example analyzes of
personal preference, its reliability, health and location.
There is need to implement privacy policies so
that information can be secure in better way.
There must be enforcement of laws and polices
related to privacy protection by fining up to 5% in case of violation laws and policies.
Recommendations of Medical internet of
things and big data in healthcare
After collecting data from various sites and after
integration of data in a unified structure, AI can yield meaningful insights.
There must be comparison of particular data and prescription with other for
better analyzes (Dimitrov, 2016).
Health-coaches must be trained to effectively
implement AI regulations. There is need of customer oriented person who analyze
data by gathering and comparing it as this can increase customer power and can
help to reduce burden on clinicians.
There must be application of efficient technical
systems that will encourage customers to enroll themselves in IoT network. This
can advance techniques and electronic data that can reduce the risk of
gathering information from third parties and make patients privacy as priority.
Conclusion on Medical internet of
things and big data in healthcare
As this paper reviews about the ethical, legal and
social issues that are related to IoT in relation to medical care and health
promotion. This paper also focuses on challenges and recommendations to improve
overall structure. It can lead to dramatic shift by connecting people from
different sources with different devices. As the health sector in internet of
things is get promoted a lot in that modern world but on other side face a lot
of challenges regarding privacy issues majorly. Deployment and design of H-IoT
faced many issues in healthcare whereas some of the issues can be mention by choices
in process of design. It can maintain traditional relationship between doctor,
patients and medical institutions with the professionals that are addressing
problems of patients and giving them recommendations. In the delivery of care
and management of health, private sectors are increasing that time to provide
more health care benefits to customers and meeting their needs.
Transfer of medical health care responsibilities
and its acknowledgement by non-medical professionals remains unclear and
precise to know. It is mandatory to describe medical care responsibilities and
transfer on non-medical professionals can contribute to the provision of care
associated with H-IoT. In there, the ethical issues will majorly impact H-IoT;
its potential benefits cannot ignore. By traditionally marginalizing the
groups, access to care can be increased due to social status, geographical
distances and communicative abilities. Potential benefits and better
understanding of patient behavior towards their care and self-responsibility can
enhance through technologies. Technology impact is accessed for H-IoT on the
delivery of health care and to define efficient norms for better social care
and medical services. If there is improvement in autonomy, the patients will
show more concern towards H-IoT as it is contributed towards management of health
and care of human beings with the quality of services provided for healthcare.
There is sense of self-responsibility by patients with unclear things of
professional changes and informal care.
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data in healthcare
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