Abstract of Lab report on Refrigerator performance laboratory

This lab experiment is related to the refrigeration laboratory; where calculate the Coefficient of pressure, and also calculate the output power, also rate of the heat output from the condensers, and also refrigeration effect of plant and the energy balance .The general operation for the vapor compression of the heat pump .To determine the power input as well as the coefficient of the performance for the heat pump, where the pressures and the temperature of the refrigerant is observed. A process cycles for the heat pump which is clearly illustrate, for the pressure-Enthalpy diagram. Pressure of compressors, for the ratio as well as the efficiency of volumetric which is calculated. The objective for this experiment is successfully achieved; experiment do not produced, the good results where the performance of procedures is not fully accurate.

Introduction of Lab report on Refrigerator performance laboratory

Removal of energy is done by the process of the Refrigeration, where the transfer of heat form the body temperature T1 as well as the energy from various temperature that is very high like the T2 . The external input energy is required, where the temperature difference exits among the clod store a swell as the surrounding where the heat is continuously transferred from the cold store and it must be removed where the T1 is maintained. There are various methods of refrigeration that is used in the practical systems to operate the cyclic manner due to need for the energy removal of continuous. (Arora, 2012)

Figure 1: Refrigeration laboratory

The refrigeration unit is composed of various machineries which transfer the heat from the low temperature to the region of the high temperature. As the condition is satisfy where the heat is transfer from the high temperature to the low temperature or maybe the reverse process that’s why the refrigerator is required. There are the four components where the refrigerator is consisting of; like the compressors; evaporator; expansion valve as well as the condensers .Every components works together that perform the series process. This process involves the cycles of refrigerator as well as the flow of the cooling water. In this lab experiment the objective of the laboratory is to carry out the energy balance where the vapor compressions for the refrigerators as well as to calculate the coefficient of performance (COP). During this experiment the apparatus that is used is; the Cussons vapor for eth compression of refrigerator that operate in the R12 as the refrigerant, and the 2^nd one is evaporator which consist of the heat exchanger , where the fluid of brine is also include, and its temperature is maintained at the 0  through the electrical heating. And the condensers is consists of heat exchangers where the fluid is water. The cortex tube is also used in the refrigeration cycles ; that presents the thermal and the fluid dynamics of the tube as the signature of the classic cooling cycle as well as the quantify for the performance for the thermodynamic machine. (Ahlborn, 2000)

In the operation; the superheated refrigerated vapor is enters in the compressors where the evaporator of where pressure is increased. The temperature is rises for the hot vapor when it’s enters in the cooled condensers of the water. For the cooling water, the heat is given up; as well as the refrigerant is condensing for the liquid for passing the expansion of the valve. By the expansion valve it passing through, and the pressure of the liquid for the refrigerant is cooled. By this process, it causes the saturation of temperature which fell out the below atmospheric. The temperature where the heat is delivered in a condenser as well as the evaporators is controlled through the flow of the water, as well as the inlet of the temperature. On the behalf of the measurements, all the instrumentation is provided, where the refrigerator as well as the cooling of the water, and the input power for the compressors plus the all the relevant temperature.    

Theory of Lab report on Refrigerator performance laboratory

The heat pump is the mechanism which absorbs the heat from the sources which is the wastes as well as in the surrounding, which produced the valuable heat for the high temperature of the level, as the heat source. Idea for the heat pump, which absorbs the heat through the medium that releases the heat which is needed for the temperature as the temperature is very high, after the chemical as well as the physical transformations. The heat pump is the technology which is attracted to increasing the attention as the most promising technology to save the energy. The area of interest that involve the building of heating’s and the waste materials recovery , for the heat on the behalf of the steam production as well as the process of the heating for the water , for example like the sanitation , as well as the cleaning.  

In this lab experiments there are three types of the pumps is included;

·         Closed cycle for the vapor compressions of the heat pumps

·         Heat transformation

·     Mechanical vapor of the compressions as the heat pumps is about 200

In the Closed cycle for the vapor compressions of the heat pumps; heat pump operates the vapor of the compression cycles principles, where in this cycle the substance is circulating for the physically to substrates from the heat sources as well as the delivery of Closed cycle for the vapor compressions of the heat pumps heat in addition to the cycling for the close steam, is known as the closed cycle. During the heat pump, the process is take place. (ARANER , 2018) To construct the devices which are operates in the cycles as well as produces no effects which transfer the heat from the lower temperature of the body to the higher temperature of the body.

Figure 2: Closed Loop Compression Cycle

There are four basic process which is changes in there conditions where the refrigerator is occurred during the vapor of the Compression of the Heat Pump Cycle. These processes are given below;

·         Compression Process

·         Condensing Process

·         Expansion Process

·         Vaporizing Process  

The pump at which the refrigerant suction of the gas is low for the temperature as well as the pressure is also low. To achieve the effect of the heat pump, to continuously, where it must be brought form the liquid at the high pressure .To increase the pressures, for the refrigerator cycles through using the compressors .By compressing the gas, which also gives the results of the increasing temperature.  

In the condensing process the refrigerant is leaves the compressors where the temperature of the gas is and the pressure is very high. As the heat exchanger is accomplished; which is known as the condenser; and the refrigerant flows by the circuit in the condensers and an extra circuits as the cooling of the fluid at the high temperature as well as the lower for the refrigerant. From the refrigerant, the heat is transferred; for the cooling of fluid and the refrigerant is condense as the liquid states, where the heating is takes place. ( Krupczak , 2018)

Figure 3: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram of Refrigerator performance laboratory

COP is stand for “Coefficient of performance” is the heat of the cycles for the expansion of the cycles as the efficiency is stated as the ratio of the

heat is removed and in the space the heat is equivalent for the energy is supplied to the compressors.

COP =  

            An area among a saturated liquid as well as a saturated vapor lines is a blend locale as well as speaks to an adjustment in period of a refrigerant among a fluid as well as Vapor stages. Consequently, anytime among a two immersion lines a refrigerant is as fluid vapor blend .A separation among a two lines along any steady weight line is known as inactive heat of vaporization at that pressure. A Saturated Liquid line as well as Vapor which is saturated line is not actually parallel to one another on grounds that an "ideal heat of vaporization" fluctuates with a weight at which an adjustment in stage happens.

Apparatus​​​​​ of Refrigerator performance laboratory

 Pressure Switch

Condensers

Receiver tank

Compressors

Pressure transmits

Control panel

Refrigerant Flow meter

Water flow meter

Evaporator

Experimental procedure of Refrigerator performance laboratory

                In this lab experiments first of all, plot the cycle on the refrigeration chart; then calculate the mechanical power input, from the dynamometers data. Also calculate the rate of the heat input during the evaporator; and the rate of the heat output from the condensers, and the plant effect for the refrigeration, also calculate the coefficient of the performance of plant. All the instruments and the units is checked to ensures in the proper conditions , where the sources of water as well as drain is checked to ensure which is connected , for the water supply to open the cooling of water and the flow rate is set for the 1.0LPM . The drain is hose for the condensates of the collectors that is checked, for the power supply connections to the main switch as the main power is on, and the main switch is also on for the control panel.  (Synthia, 2018) Flow rate of eth cooling water is adjusted up to the 40%, where the system’s is run for the 15 minutes, and hence the reading is recorded.

Figure 4: Plant Layout of Refrigerator performance laboratory

            Form the cycle 1-2 the refrigerant is enters for the compressors, where eth normally just the superheated, as well as the compressed the high pressure. And in the 2-3 the fluid is condense for the high pressure that leaves the condensers in the sub cooled states. For 3-4, the refrigerant is expands by the throttle valve as the pressure is reduced. In the 4-1 cycles, the refrigerant in the evaporator and the lower pressure as well as the temperature, where the heat is necessary for the evaporations which take place as the cold source. (Fas.Harvard.Edu)

Results (including graphs)

Output heat:

Discussion​​​ on Refrigerator performance laboratory

                The Boyle laws which are stated as, the pressure of gas is the inversely proportional to eth volume of eth container, where an result is obtained, as the same Calculation, in the order to differences among the values after the experiments. The values which is very small, and the theoretical value for the Boyle’s law is confirmed. (Sparknotes.com, 2010)Gay-Lussac’s Law Expressed that pressure is specifically corresponding to the temperature which implies if a pressure increment, a temperature additionally increment with consistent volume. This experiment has been led so as to realize the connection among weight and temperature. In this way, from the information organized and chart plotted, it very well may be said that the Gay- Lussac's Law is confirmed. A similar idea connected here, if the temperature of a gas in a container increment, the warmth vitality of a framework move its vitality into a particle of gas which really increment a recurrence of crash in that holder which apply more pressure .Isentropic expansion process happens when the framework is reversible as well as adiabatic where no heat will be moved in or out as well as no energy change happens. From an information recorded, a consistent k are currently realized which is equivalent to 1.443. It was gotten that both temperature as well as pressure of the gas previously extension were higher contrasted with after a development. A procedure is said to be isentropic since there was no adjustment in entropy all through a procedure. (Cussons.co.kr, 2018)

The Ratio of heat capacity is used by the expression of the capacity of heat as well as it gives the 1.1584, and the theoretical value in this experiment is 1.4. Then as the deviation is equal to the 21%, and there is the measurement error, where the actual intermediate for the supposed pressure is lowered the measured one pressure. As we know that the intermediate pressure is taken as the lowest pressures where the moment valve is closed.  

Conclusions on Refrigerator performance laboratory

            In this lab experiments, in conclusion the experiment was aimed to analyses the simple refrigeration cycles, and calculate the COP as shown in the above results section, also calculate the rate of the output power.  In fact during this experiments the Boyle’s law and the Gay-Lussac’s Law is proved in the discussion sections. At last the objective of the experiments is accomplishedly achieved. There are different improvements which are performed, to obtain the satisfying results in future, and at start of experiments, it was supposed as the shutdown step. To obtain the average reading through the repeating experiments on the behalf of three times in order to reduce the range of the deviation .In order to obtained the explosions for the over pressures.  

References of Refrigerator performance laboratory