Question 1 A. Given data Transmission line = 100km Resistance value =6 ohm/km Inductance=2.2 mH/km Capacitance=0.005 mF/km G= 0.25 micro mho/km Frequency=1k Hz To find Terminating impedance

Explanation of polarization in antennas

Basically the antenna is that kind of transducer that is involved in converting the radio frequency into electric forms in electromagnetic waves so that they can easily move into space and transmitted at the other end.

The term polarization is related to the path that is focused by electric field vector and this vector is a function of time (Pozar and Schaubert).

In this the electric field plane is involved in determining the orientation and polarization in radio wave. Another best specification of this feature is that polarization of the field radiated by the antenna.

There are some important types of polarization

Circular polarization, linear polarization, Elliptic Polarization

Circular Polarization

This type of polarization only occur when the two components of electric field are equal in magnitude and one component lead the other component by 90 degree.

This can be on right handed and left handed only depends upon the rotation of the main field.

References of Paste the Questions here

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Berdichevskiĭ, Mark Naumovich and Andreas Rüger. Reflection Coefficients and Azimuthal AVO Analysis in Anisotropic Media. SEG Books, 2002.

Cloude, Shane. Polarisation: Applications in Remote Sensing. OUP Oxford, 2010.

Gustrau, Frank. RF and Microwave Engineering: Fundamentals of Wireless Communications. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

Kumar, A. Microwave Techniques :Transmission Lines. New Age International, 2003.

Poole, Clive and Izzat Darwazeh. Microwave Active Circuit Analysis and Design. Academic Press, 2015.

Pozar, David M. and Daniel H. Schaubert. Microstrip Antennas: The Analysis and Design of Microstrip Antennas and Arrays. John Wiley & Sons, 1995.

Sánchez-Hernández, David A. Multiband Integrated Antennas for 4G Terminals. Artech House, 2008.

Torrungrueng, Danai. Meta-Smith Charts and Their Potential Application. Morgan & Claypool Publishers,, 2010.