Report on Concentration, PH, and Buffers

            The experiment is about the pH, Buffers, as well as Concentration. Sometimes solutions are the homogeneous mixtures, which is classified regarding to their gaseous, physical as well as liquid states.  The greatest interest for the biologist is the liquid solutions because it is the most common solutions. The solvent is the great quantity, where the component of the solutions is present in this quantity. All biological systems which is the solvent is water. In the solution, the components which is other than the solvents is known as the solutes. In the solution the concentration of the solutes is explained in the various methods, where the biologist is used the molarity to explain the solutes concentrations in solvent by the mass percentages  , “mole fraction” , “normality” plus the “molarity” are the solution which is used in the other disciplines. The weak electrolytes is the pure water because pure water is dissociate into the two charged particles. The hydronium ions  and the two hydroxide ions which is produced through the reactions;

            According to the above equations, the number of hydronium ions in the pure water is always equal to the hydroxide ions and it cannot be formed without it being made. In the pure water the concentration of the hydroxide ions is  and the concentration of the hydronium ions  is . In the hydroxide as well as hydronium ions, the pure water is actually the 0.0000001. When this pure water molecules is dissociate, then the hydrogen atoms is the covalently bond for the oxygen of the water molecules which leaves the electrons for their hydrogen atom.  This experiment which is used for the anthocyanin extracted for the cabbage levees which has the intense of red color in the pHs and it is colorless in order to pH in below figure

Material & Methods of Concentration, PH, and Buffers

            During this experiment there are different methods which is used to explain the experiment as discussed in the results sections. The other method is the pH scale like the Richer Scale, which is used to measure the strength of the earthquakes. In this lab experiment, the material which is need is the Cyanidin, is in the red purplish anthocyanin and the red cabbage. Where the hydroxyl   group is labeled with the A, which convert into the Cyanidin for bullish and purplish delphinine of the morning glory flowers. Some of equipment and the material which is needed in this lab is that, eight test tube with this racks.

Result  of Concentration, PH, and Buffers

        In the lab experiment it is familiar by the terminology of pH. In the concentrations of pOHs as well as pH and with labeled this is acidic or basic.

        First of all work into the group, then take the eight test tube along with the test tube rack then label it “2”, “4”, “7”, “8”, “10”, “12”, and “14”. The use the re-pipettes which is deliver the 5mL of the eights solution to pH and it has the corresponding   number for this solution of pHs. Then use this pipette, to transfer the 3ml of cabbage which extract the eight labeled tubes, and its determine the color less stain of your clothes. Behind the every tube place the white pieces which observed the color for the mixed solutions. In the below table records the color which is observe in tube, and changes the color gradually is shown in below table;

Tables

Table 1

    First of all work into the group, then take the six test tube along with the test tube rack then label it “A”, “B”, “C”, “D”, “E” and “F”. Then choose the six solution that is provided there, and record the solution in the below table 2.

Table 2: pH of six household solution

        There are six pieces of alkacid is obtained, then return into it in bleach, and record the color of the moistened paper in below table 3. Then compare the standard color and moistened color which is provided for the alkacid in test paper then record the corresponding pH;

Table 3: pH of six household solution

        Solution of the pipettor which is used to transfer the 1mL of dilute solution that is containing phenolphthalein. And record the pH of the solution in the below table;

Table 4: Buffered solution

Table 5: Unbuffered Solution

Graphs of Concentration, PH, and Buffers

Buffer solution of Concentration, PH, and Buffers

Conclusion on Concentration, PH, and Buffers

            Summing up all the discussions it is concluded that, all the tables and the result of the lab experiment is proper and accurate. The graph of the buffered solution along with the un-buffered solution is properly labeled, by using the data which is given in the table form. Different step is sued to explain the results, with the proper tables was shown above in the results sections.

        In different methods, the concentration of the solute in a solution is explained, where the molarity is also explained the concentration of solute in the solvents by the percentage of mass, where the normality, mole fraction, and molarity is changes the other disciplines. By using the following data which is given, in the table plot the graph of the buffer solutions.