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Discussion of hypotheses

Category: Health Education Paper Type: Report Writing Reference: N/A Words: 520

Part A:

In the part A we done the alignment in the software.

Alignment of hypotheses

1)GenBank DNA and Protein sequence

Tree

Data for tree:

Hemoglobin beta gene and the protein for different animals

Animals	Gene and protein
Harbor seal	1 mdpkgllsln fllflslafe lscgtgeslm ncpeipgrlg sslllslase gisksmnksi 61 hilvtraesp gnsvkkkivs ldlpeggspr ylengytfhl enlslgiles rkenegwyfm 121 tleenfsvrh fclqlklyeq vstpeikvln wtqengncsl tlacevekgd yvvyswseem 181 atdplipang syllhlslgp qnvnnvyfct atnpissrsq iftpqskcrp eslestqwgl 241 yaglflggiv gvililevvi lllrrrgkan hyqptmeaks ltiyaqvqks gsvqkkpdpl 301 paqdpcttiy vaatepvpep vqepnsitvy asvtlpes
Minke whale	1 mvlsptdksn vkatwakign hgaeygaeal ermfmnfpst ktyfphfdlg hdsaqvkghg 61 kkvadaltka vghmdnllda lsdlsdlhah klrvdpanfk llshcllvtl alhlpaeftp 121 svhasldkfl asvstvltsk
Canis familiaris	1 vhltaeeksl vsglwgkvnv devggealgr llivypwtqr ffdsfgdlst pdavmsnakv 61 kahgkkvlns fsdglknldn lkgtfaklse lhcdklhvdp enfkllgnvl vcvlahhfgk 121 eftpqvqaay qkvvagvana lahkyh
Bos Taurus	1 mtnirkshpl mkivnnafid lpapsnissw wnfgsllgic lilqiltglf lamhytsdtt 61 tafssvthic rdvnygwiir ymhangasmf ficlymhvgr glyygsytfl etwnigvill 121 ltvmatafmg yvlpwgqmsf wgatvitnll saipyigtnl vewiwggfsv dkatltrffa 181 fhfilpfiim aiamvhllfl hetgsnnptg issdvdkipf hpyytikdil galllilalm 241 llvlfapdll gdpdnytpan plntpphikp ewyflfayai lrsipnklgg vlalafsili 301 lalipllhts kqrsmmfrpl sqclfwalva dlltltwigg qpvehpyiti gqlasvlyfl 361 lilvlmptag tienkllkw

FASTA sequences for the amino acid HBB gene from Minke whale

Gene and protein

> Minke_whale

MDPKGLLSLNFLLFLSLAFELSCGTGESLMNCPEIPGRLGSSLLLSLASEGISKSMNKSIHILVTRAESP

GNSVKKKIVSLDLPEGGSPRYLENGYTFHLENLSLGILESRKENEGWYFMTLEENFSVRHFCLQLKLYEQ

VSTPEIKVLNWTQENGNCSLTLACEVEKGDYVVYSWSEEMATDPLIPANGSYLLHLSLGPQNVNNVYFCT

ATNPISSRSQIFTPQSKCRPESLESTQWGLYAGLFLGGIVGVILILEVVILLLRRRGKANHYQPTMEAKS

LTIYAQVQKSGSVQKKPDPLPAQDPCTTIYVAATEPVPEPVQEPNSITVYASVTLPES

>Canis_familiaris

VHLTAEEKSLVSGLWGKVNVDEVGGEALGRLLIVYPWTQRFFDSFGDLSTPDAVMSNAKVKAHGKKVLNS

FSDGLKNLDNLKGTFAKLSELHCDKLHVDPENFKLLGNVLVCVLAHHFGKEFTPQVQAAYQKVVAGVANA

LAHKYH

>Bos_Taurus

AAZ95350.1 cytochrome b (mitochondrion) [Bos taurus]

MTNIRKSHPLMKIVNNAFIDLPAPSNISSWWNFGSLLGICLILQILTGLFLAMHYTSDTTTAFSSVTHIC

RDVNYGWIIRYMHANGASMFFICLYMHVGRGLYYGSYTFLETWNIGVILLLTVMATAFMGYVLPWGQMSF

WGATVITNLLSAIPYIGTNLVEWIWGGFSVDKATLTRFFAFHFILPFIIMAIAMVHLLFLHETGSNNPTG

ISSDVDKIPFHPYYTIKDILGALLLILALMLLVLFAPDLLGDPDNYTPANPLNTPPHIKPEWYFLFAYAI

LRSIPNKLGGVLALAFSILILALIPLLHTSKQRSMMFRPLSQCLFWALVADLLTLTWIGGQPVEHPYITI

GQLASVLYFLLILVLMPTAGTIENKLLKW

Polygenetic tree of hypotheses

Polygenetic tree is generated by using max parsimony for all the species. The analyses are based on the outgroup and root of Kangaroo. The mixture of species in the tree is based on the ancestral state for the traits and for the evolution relation. The species considered in the outgroup is kangaroo. The amino acid sequence of red kangaroo is listed below,

Red kangaroo

>BAA32114.1 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (mitochondrion) [Osphranter rufus]

MFIINLLLYIVPILLAVAFLTLVERKVLGYMQFRKGPNIVGPYGLLQPIADGIKLFTKEPLRPLTSSVSM

FIIAPILALTLALTIWTPLPMPHTLIDLNLGLLFILSLSGLSVYSILWSGWASNSKYALIGALRAVAQTI

SYEVTLAIILLSIMLINGSFTLKNLLITQENMWLIVSTWPLAMMWYISTLAETNRAPFDLTEGESELVSG

FNVEYAAGPFAMFFLAEYANIMAMNAMTAILFLGSSLNHNFSHLSTLSFMLKTLFLTFMFLWIRASYPRF

RYDQLMYLLWKNFLPLTLALCLWFISIPIALSCIPPQI

Figure 1: Kangaroo polygenetic tree

Part B

Radiogram

Minke whale (baleen whales)
Dolphin (toothed whales)
Harbor seal
Walrus
Otter
Manatee

The comparison for the hemoglobin protein for the mammals is mentioned below,

Major taxa of land mammals	Animal	Class	Hemoglobin protein
Carnivora	Dog	Canis familiaris	>sp\|P60525.1\|HBB_CANLA RecName: Full=Hemoglobin subunit beta; AltName: Full=Beta-globin; AltName: Full=Hemoglobin beta chain VHLTAEEKSLVSGLWGKVNVDEVGGEALGRLLIVYPWTQRFFDSFGDLSTPDAVMSNAKVKAHGKKVLNS FSDGLKNLDNLKGTFAKLSELHCDKLHVDPENFKLLGNVLVCVLAHHFGKEFTPQVQAAYQKVVAGVANA LAHKYH
Rodent	Rat	Rattus norvegcus	>SNT66799.1 unnamed protein product [Rattus] MRLLIVLGLLWSLVATLLGSKWPEPVFGRLVSLAFPEKYGNHQDRSWTLTAPPGFRLRLYFTHFNLELSY RCEYDFVKLTSGTKVLATLCGQESTDTERAPGNDTFYSLGPSLKVTFHSDYSNEKPFTGFEAFYAAEDVD ECRTSLGDSVPCDHYCHNYLGGYYCSCRVGYILHQNKHTCSALCSGQVFTGRSGFLSSPEYPQPYPKLSS CAYNIRLEEGFSITLDFVESFDVEMHPEAQCPYDSLKIQTDKREYGPFCGKTLPPRIETDSNKVTITFTT DESGNHTGWKIHYTSTAQPCPDPTAPPNGHISPVQATYVLKDSFSVFCKTGFELLQGSVPLKSFTAVCQK DGSWDRPIPECSIIDCGPPDDLPNGHVDYITGPEVTTYKAVIQYSCEETFYTMSSNGKYVCEADGFWTSS KGEKSLPVCKPVCGLSTHTSGGRIIGGQPAKPGDFPWQVLLLGETTAAGALIHDDWVLTAAHAVYGKTEA MSSLDIRMGILKRLSLIYTQAWPEAVFIHEGYTHGAGFDNDIALIKLKNKVTINRNIMPICLPRKEAASL MKTDFVGTVAGWGLTQKGFLARNLMFVDIPIVDHQKCATAYTKQPYPGAKVTVNMLCAGLDRGGKDSCRG DSGGALVFLDNETQRWFVGGIVSWGSINCGGSEQYGVYTKVTNYIPWIENIINNF
Herbivore	Cow	Bos Taurus	>AAZ95350.1 cytochrome b (mitochondrion) [Bos taurus] MTNIRKSHPLMKIVNNAFIDLPAPSNISSWWNFGSLLGICLILQILTGLFLAMHYTSDTTTAFSSVTHIC RDVNYGWIIRYMHANGASMFFICLYMHVGRGLYYGSYTFLETWNIGVILLLTVMATAFMGYVLPWGQMSF WGATVITNLLSAIPYIGTNLVEWIWGGFSVDKATLTRFFAFHFILPFIIMAIAMVHLLFLHETGSNNPTG ISSDVDKIPFHPYYTIKDILGALLLILALMLLVLFAPDLLGDPDNYTPANPLNTPPHIKPEWYFLFAYAI LRSIPNKLGGVLALAFSILILALIPLLHTSKQRSMMFRPLSQCLFWALVADLLTLTWIGGQPVEHPYITI GQLASVLYFLLILVLMPTAGTIENKLLKW
Primate	Human	Homo sapiens	>AAB51177.1 human RAD23A homolog [Homo sapiens] MAVTITLKTLQQQTFKIRMEPDETVKVLKEKIEAEKGRDAFPVAGQKLIYAGKILSDDVPIRDYRIDEKN FVVVMVTKTKAGQGTSAPPEASPTAAPESSTSFPPAPTSGMSHPPPAAREDKSPSEESAPTTSPESVSGS VPSSGSSGREEDAASTLVTGSEYETMLTEIMSMGYERERVVAALRASYNNPHRAVEYLLTGIPGSPEPEH GSVQESQVSEQPATEAAGENPLEFLRDQPQFQNMRQVIQQNPALLPALLQQLGQENPQLLQQISRHQEQF IQMLNEPPGELADISDVEGEVGAIGEEAPQMNYIQVTPQEKEAIERLKALGFPESLVIQAYFACEKNENL AANFLLSQNFDDE
Proboscidea	African elephant	Loxodonta africana	>ACA13578.1 insulin-like 5 [Loxodonta africana] MRTVELAKRGDYFEIRRINGLIAGSEVAECVWHSEVKSQESLKLCGKDFIRAIIYMCGASRWRRHLEERL QVQQADRENYFHLPNEHEVSEEITAHNLRKLDSAVEELPQGGQPPRGGMWEPRKQSVKSRRDLSLMCCTA GCSMADLSSFC
Marsupials	Red kangaroo	Macropus rufus	>prf\|\|1819483A male-specific protein [Osphranter rufus] MYMDRHCVYYRKPLLESGTLGTKGNIQVVIPFLTESYSSSQDPPEKSIPICTLKNFPNAIEHTLQWARDE FESLFKQPAENVNQYLTNPKFVERTLRLGGTQPLEVLEAVHRSLVLQRPHDWADCVTWACLHWHSQYANN IRQLLHNFPPEQ

The analysis describes that all the animals have common land mammal ancestor. The hemoglobin protein for all the marine mammals and human initiates from “M” that is Methionine. The FASTA text files are included in the file. The amino acid sequence for all the mammals is mainly composed of Methionine.