Universal Design of Universal Design of ICT in Earthquake Emergency Management in Pakistan

            The world is full of diverse people, so the technology should be rich enough to deal with all kind of people. So, the concept of universal design came into being. As the name depicts universal design is design for all people, regardless of their age, sex, education level, language, and impairments. The concept of Universal design was introduced by North Carolina University in the 1990s (Connell et al., 1997) when the researchers of the University proposed to make such a flexible design that can be used by all the people of the world including the disabled one. Universal design has seven principles:

1. Equitable use
2. Flexibility in use
3. Simple and intuitive use
4. Perceptible information
5. Tolerance for Error
6. Low physical effort
7. Size and space for Approach and use (Connell et al., 1997)

                We should follow these principles to make a universally designed system. Universal design is now being used in different systems e.g. athletes are using Universal design for learning in the most effective way (Vargas, Beyer and Flores). Universal design plays a very vital role for diverse learners. Universal design for the learner is a framework that provides guidelines. These guidelines help to make documents accessible for all readers regardless of their diversity and impairments (Scanlon, Schreffler and James).  Similarly, universal design can also be used in the emergency management system.