PARADOX ON COMPLICATION

        The word paradox is derived from a Greek word, it is basically a combination of two words para and doxa, para means against and doxa means doctrine. The word paradox means unsolved situation or mystery. The paradoxical situation can be characterized by the occurrence of contrary events. In 2010, Howard described the concept of a paradox, it indicates that the world should be viewed as white or black, or in some cases neither white nor black. With the growing number of information, the word paradox is getting different meanings and it cannot be confirmed. The phenomena of clustered information lead to increase the complication. Therefore, in the case of the commercial environment, constant management is necessary for the paradox (Howard, 2010).

            Considering the relation of complication, Bandte ( 2007) described two different paradoxes including term and information. Due to lack of information, the complication of results increases. In order to have complete control over a system, the complete information is necessary, and it requires the collection of data and sometimes, it becomes impossible to handle the information. Complication, due to paradox, is limited to have the ability to handle the information and observing the process information. This paradox depends upon the connectivity between each element instead of synthesis for the cohesive process (Bandte, 2007).

ORIGIN OF COMPLICATION (ROOT CAUSE)

            The origin of complication is from the external side or sometimes, from the internal side (Schuh, 2005). Complication increases from certain multitudes of targets and anything related to the altitude of the target requires proper attention for the signals, plans, processes, environment, and influence. All the components are associated with each other and interact with each other (Schuh, 2005). The facilities provided by free trade is the exchange of people, capital, knowledge, and goods. The process of expansion for free trade mainly increases of potential to grow further and under some conditions free-trade accelerates. With the growth of internal as well as external requirements, the complication of process increases. The reaction of companies under these circumstances is influenced by the implementation of different changes in the production process, organization, and other processes used in the organization. The root cause of complication was characterized by Lindemann, Braun, and Maurer during 2009. And it was sub-divided into different sections.

Figure 1:Table of Root Cause

        There are some other roots related to the complications that change politics, society, and variation in the applied technology (Krause, Franke, &Gausemeier, 2007).

        Both types of root causes including internal as well as external causes increase the complication of the project. Under the external condition, the market demand has a significant impact on the project because of the globalization of marketing customers and requirements of market demand changes with different conditions. While on the other hand, in case of internal consideration, the constant changes are observed in company processes and project. The product timeline is shorter and development time reduces and consequently, the information technology accelerates. The influence including external and internal have an impact on the product, decision-making process, the production process of the product, the infrastructure of the organization, and making and purchasing the products. All the types of factors can increase complication and original planning of the project changes in these circumstances.