Describe the requirements for a healthy and safe workplace, as applied to the physical environment and equipment used, in a selected business.

            The contractor shall submit an occupational health and safety organization plan detailing planning and management considerations for construction at an organizational level. The contractor shall maintain the site and all working areas in a sanitary condition and the matters of health and sanitation should comply with the requirements of public and health works authority. The contractor shall set up and maintain throughout the course of contract safety notice boards in prominent places of the site. The contractor shall develop and implement programs which shall act as incentives for their teams at all levels, to make a positive contribution to good health and safety performance. The contractor is required to provide a competent supervisor to monitor each and every area of activities like temporary and permanent electrical installation, crane and lifting appliance operations, scaffolding erection, alteration and dismantling, confined space entry, excavation and work at site. Training should be provided by the contractor which covers occupational hygiene, essential elements of local laws and regulations and policies and procedures concerning aspects of human rights. It is necessary to set up buildings physical emergency evacuation systems. Sufficient suitable standby plant shall be available in cases where the safety of works or personnel depends on mechanical plant. Mobile plant and vehicles that are defective will be removed from use in work areas and taken to a repair facility on the worksite or removed from the worksite. Repair work is to be carried out by trained and authorized mobile plant and vehicle repair technicians. Whenever maintenance work is ongoing the machinery or equipment will be isolated and De-energized. No passengers will be carried on mobile plant and vehicles other than in seats that are specifically designed for carrying passengers. All construction lifts will have flat base plates without holes or openings, enclosed sides and roof that are designed to prevent from falling objects. All construction lifts will have overload protection devices that prevent movement of platform if it is overloaded. Prior to excavating in any area, the location of existing utilities shall be confirmed from as-built drawings, contact with utility authorities and trial holes. During planning stage all materials and equipment required for safe excavation work must be identified which includes shoring, solid barriers, vehicle stop blocks, access ladders or scaffolding, ventilation, lighting, signage, pumps, generators, air monitoring devices, movement monitoring equipment and rescue equipment. Temporary safety barriers should be used to protect workers and travelling public from excavations that are more in depth. All ladders used on the project should be manufactured using international standards. Excavations should be kept clean and tidy at all times. Warning signs and barriers are to be used for excavations, any edge, opening or platform from where a person may fall, electrical transformers, confined space entry points, areas of open water, areas where flammable goods are stored and areas above underground services. Warning signs will clearly state the nature of the hazard and instruct people for correct actions to take. Rigging of loads and supervision of cranes will be undertaken only by trained and competent person. Before a mobile crane is positioned for a lift, attention will be paid to the condition of the ground upon which the crane will stand, as this will be subjected to high point loadings. All lifting gears should be subjected to thorough examination.  All scaffolding erection areas and dismantling areas will be provided with barriers and warning signs to exclude all personnel that are not involved in scaffolding. Welding cables and equipment will be properly maintained and inspected before use. Contractors are required to reduce the risk of persons falling from height by providing a means of fall prevention or arrest for every person on the worksite that is exposed to a risk of falling a distance of 2 m or above. The practice of twisting and taping electrical components together to create a connection is prohibited. The contractor shall provide and maintain first aid boxes complete with all first aid kits and equipment necessary for initial care of any personnel who might be injured. The contractor shall take necessary precautions against fire. Quantities of flammable materials on site should be absolute minimum. Temporary fire protection equipment for the worksite will be provided by contractor which includes portable fire extinguishers, fire sand buckets and fire water storage.