Even though the government of Oman has already made many efforts for the wastewater treatment plan in the country, but still, there is a lack of policies which support the plan. For example, there is no appropriate policy from the government to guide the allocation of funds to increase the progress of the wastewater treatment plan itself. The government of Oman still has not established for appropriate laws, procedures, and also the monitoring standards that will able to promote the progress of wastewater treatment systems. There is no commitment from the government to pronounce the wastewater policy along with the strategy for the entire countries of the region, especially the countries that suffering from the water inadequacy (World Health Organization, 2005).

High-cost of wastewater treatment systems Exploring Factors Causing Delays on Wastewater Projects in Oman

            The government of Oman is challenged by the high cost of wastewater treatment systems, which considered to be above the previous financial budget. If the country wants to apply the proper wastewater treatment systems, the government need to spend more budget to get the systems. Until now, Oman is still using low-cost and practical systems to apply to the wastewater treatment plan. As a result, the systems might not be suitable for the local circumstance of the country (Zimmo & Imseih, 2010).

Lack of proper wastewater treatment systems in Oman

            So far, Oman still does not have a conservative and centralized wastewater collection along with the treatment systems. The country still needs to figure out for proper wastewater treatment systems which will able to be applied by using the latest technologies. However, the high-costs of wastewater treatment systems seems to be the reason for this issue to occur. In addition to this, there is still a lack of integrity and credibility of data entered in the system that will provide the databases for the experts and scientists (World Health Organization, 2005).

Lack of experts to support the plan Exploring Factors Causing Delays on Wastewater Projects in Oman

             There is a lack of experts to support the wastewater treatment plan in Oman since there are no educational programs in any colleges or university that related to wastewater treatment. There is still a lack of educational programs available in the country for sanitary engineers, analytical chemists, or microbiologists as well. Until now, the wastewater treatment plan in Oman still considered being a lack of engineers, laboratory analyst, plant operators, planners, and also decision-makers. The country also needs planners and design engineers who will collaborate with the farmers to make well-prepared design along with the management instructions for the wastewater treatment plan (Zimmo & Imseih, 2010).

Environmental impacts Exploring Factors Causing Delays on Wastewater Projects in Oman

        There is some evidence of environmental impacts from wastewater treatment plan in Oman. For example, such as the amount of pollution that impact on public health and also harm the environment as well. Some of the people that live in the area of wastewater treatment plan has been complaining about the impact that the treatment has made to the environment as well (World Health Organization, 2005).

Haya Water Plants to Invest OMR

The company establishment year Exploring Factors Causing Delays on Wastewater Projects in Oman

            Haya water is referred as the registered trademark from the companies of the Oman. It is one of the leading wastewater companies in SAOC. In December 2002 it was established as Omani closed joint stock Company.  It is also owned by the government of the Oman and it has awarded by the concession for developing, designing, implementing, operating and maintaining the facilities of the wastewater in Oman by the Governorate of the Muscat according to the royal Decree No. 69/2005.  

            There are currently 14 project exciting by the Haya water around the Oman from which 3 projects are executing in the Baushar, 4 projects are executing in A' Seeb, 3 projects will started soon in Muttrah and remaining 4 projects are executed Al Amirat. In case of the good and greater achievements of the Haya water in the several operational areas such as; the areas of the management and execution and planning of the waste water project in the Sultnatae of the Oman.

            In 2014, the responsibilities has been assigned to the Haya water by the government for the management, execution and planning of the facilities of the wastewater in all  governorates excluding Dhofar at where Haya Water took over the waste water assets of 57 sewage treatment plants at 44 different wilayats. For achieving its mission and goal Haya water is working conscientiously by utilizing the projects system of the structured waste water. Haya water is struggling for sustain and achieve the vision that is related to making Oman healthier and greener.

References of Inappropriate policies from the government Exploring Factors Causing Delays on Wastewater Projects in Oman

A. M. K. Mikola, R. V., 2011. Factors Affecting the Quality of the Plant Influent and Its Suitability for Prefermentation and theBiological Nutrient Removal Process. American Society of Civil Engineer.

Alaraby.co.uk, 2019. Vision 2040: Oman's ambitious strategy towards a post-oil economy. [Online]
Available at: https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2019/4/16/vision-2040-omans-ambitious-strategy-towards-a-post-oil-economy

Al-Kalbani, M. P. M. A. A. A. M. &. O. T., 2014. Vulnerability Assessment of Environmental and Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman. Water, p. 3118–3135..

Calabrese, J., 2018. Oman’s Transition to a Post-Oil Economy: Arching Toward Asia. [Online]
Available at: https://www.mei.edu/publications/omans-transition-post-oil-economy-arching-toward-asia
[Accessed 7 August].

Ghaffour, N. M. T. M. &. A. G. L., 2013. Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: Current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability.. Desalination, 309, , p. 197–207.

Miłobędzka, A. W. A. &. M. A., 2015. Factors affecting population of filamentous bacteria in wastewater treatment plants with nutrients removal.. Water Science and Technology, wst2015541.

OMRAN, A., 2011. FACTORS INFLUENCING WATER TREATMENT MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA A CASE STUDY IN PULAU PINANG. International Journal Of Engineering .

Timesofoman.com, 2018. Oman's economy witnessing a transformation. [Online]
Available at: https://timesofoman.com/article/139624
[Accessed 11 August ].