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The generation of waste is rising
in the whole world. 1.3 billions of tons of solid waste was generated by us n
2012 which was equal to a bit of the waste that is produced by a single person per
day. By 2025, the municipal generation of waste is expected to reach 2.2
billion tons due to the rapid urbanization and growth in population. It is
highly critical for the countries that are developing and are facing the
problem of poor urban. The management of waste is always a problem in middle
and low-income communities. Such communities dispose the waste without a proper
regulation. If the management of solid waste is poor, the consequences can
damage the environment, safety, and health. It is surprising to realize that urban violence would be lead by a poor
management of waste. The global climate would be affected due to all of these local issues.
Therefore, it is a global issue and requires a solution that is local.
The services concerning the solid
waste management can be distributed into the process of production, gathering,
transport, and recovery.
a. Generation of
According to the latest study in
Malaysia, the complete management of solid waste is 33, 130 tons every single
day. Within the thirty-three thousand solid waste that has been produced, 65
percent is carried by the household. Meanwhile, institutional and commercial
have 28 percent. Lastly, 7 percent is carried by industries. The waste composition
of a house can be composed into different categories such as organic and food
(45%), textile and others (16%), papers (nine percent), garden (6 percent),
diapers (12 percent).
Collection of
In the highrise residential
buildings, there are actually three kinds of material collection systems that
can be utilized. They are central location, they are service corridor, and they
are trash room with a chute or access.
1) Central Location – When it comes to the efficiency of highest
space, this system is the best and there is no bin at the storey. Every storey
is empty. Maintenance staff is not required as residents will have to bring it
down. But residents are inconvenient this way. Moreover, there is a chance of
trash spilling.
2) Service Corridor – Now when it comes to the convenience of
residents, this system is the best. From their rooms, they only have to bring
the trash out. Each storey has a bin or two. But the space efficiency would be
decreased. Maintenance will be needed which will come at a high cost.
3) Trash Room with Chute – For the convenience of residents, this
method is also well. After all, the chute is accessible from every storey. But
the floor area required needs a good amount of space.
c. Transport of
From the central waste centre,
the waste will be collected by the trucks. It will be then transferred for the
treatment, recovery, and disposal. The scheduling, however, must be adjusted
accordingly. For three concessionaires, this system has been utilized. It
includes the Environment Idaman Sdn Bhd (Northern Region), SWM Environment
(Southern Region), and Alam Flora Sdn Bhd (Central & Eastern Region). Since
September of 2012, the collection system 2+1 has been utilized. It supported a
schedule for 1 day collection of garden waste, bulky waste, and recyclable
waste while 2 days for the collection of organic waste.
d. Recovery / Treatment
It not more, 22 percent of the
waste generated by household can be recycled After the introduction of this
system in 2015, only 17.5 percent of success has been achieved in the
recycling. Compared to the other developed countries, Malaysia is still far behind.
Austria has 63 percent while Belgium has 58 percent etc. While ASEAN countries have strong plants for treatment of the waste Malaysia
has a very small plant. The (RDF)/ WTE plant is the only one that we have which
concerns the derivation of refuse facility. There are four incinerators but
they are small and under implementation on different regions.
The waste that was collected from different areas, it will pass through a secondary phase of sorting into aluminium, paper, glass, and plastic. After the sorting, the categorized waste will be transferred for treatment. Compared to the other Asian countries, we have a bound number of ways. In Puchong and Kajang, we only have two Waste to Energy Plants. In Jeram landfill, we have only one Mater Recovery Facility. In Cameron Highlands, Pangkok, Tioman, and Langkawi, we have only four small incinerators under implementation.
Disposal
In Malaysia at the moment, ninety-five percent of the landfills are not sanitary. 131 landfills out of 297 are not operating. Almost six solid waste landfills have some recurring and serious leachate contaminant problems according to Datuk Seri Dr Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar. They are at CEP Simpang Renggam Estate in Johor, Pulaui Burung in Penang; Tanah Merah Estate in Negeri Sembilan Sungai Udang Malacca, and Taman Beringin Kuala Lumpur; Tanah Merah Estate in Negeri Sembilan. According to the investigation, such pollution was due to the landfill’s design. It was also due to the solid waste’s volume that was gotten. Design capacity is being reached by many landfills and we are facing the scarcity of lands in order to open new ones. Although Landfilling is not only cheap but quick as well, however, it harms the environment as well. Some problems like contamination of groundwater through leaching, air pollution through the incineration, and soil contamination etc. are also present.For the disposal of waste, we have been depending on ninety-five percent on landfills.
(2017). Six solid waste landfills have serious leachate contaminant issues. The
Sun Daily. Retrieved from http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2017/07/08/six-solid-waste-landfills-have-serious-leachate-contaminant-issues
Waste Management in Malaysia: In the Dumps. (2015). Retrieved from https://cleanmalaysia.com/2015/09/04/waste-management-in-malaysia-in-the-dumps/
Solid Waste Management In Malaysia: The Way Forward. (2012). Retrieved from
http://ensearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Paper-13.pdf
(2017). Low awareness on recycling among Malaysians. The Star Online. Retrieved
from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/08/20/low-awareness-on-recycling-among-malaysians/
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Zero Waste Design Guidelines. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.zerowastedesign.org/
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World Bank. (2018). Solid Waste Management. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management
Silpa, K. (2014). What does waste management have to do with reducing crime and
violence in Jamaica?. Retrieved from http://blogs.worldbank.org/sustainablecities/what-does-waste-management-have-do-reducing-crime-and-violence-jamaica
Thumb-Print Studio. (2008). MALAYSIA DEVELOPING A SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT. Kuala
Lumpur, KL: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
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