Essay on Design Model

            A concept compromises of specific meanings in a pot or specifications regarding a certain event, condition, situation, and object. They are built with a certain concrete which strengthens the whole pot and give a dense feeling. In order to gain successful outcomes in a research, the conceptualization must be precise and researchers must understand it among themselves e.g. Josh got inefficient results in customer satisfaction due to wrong concepts about it. In a research project, a construct is more or less like an abstract describing the work done in the whole project e.g. Michael created an abstract so to convenience the readers who wanted a better understanding of the project. A definition tends to give a short description about a specific element e.g. Frost defined the purpose of project before explaining it properly.

        Variable can be referred to as a property or a region being analyzed. It symbolizes characteristics, traits, and acts. Independent, dependent, moderating, extraneous, and intervening are all types of variables. Since Mike had to research a diversity of regions, he used variables to conclude the project. A proposition can also be referred as an assumption about a specific phenomena and it can be judged accordingly. Hypotheses revolve around the formulation of proposition for the testing concerning the empirics of a study e.g. Clark used a proposition and hypotheses to strengthen his study and present it with certain goals. Hypotheses branches descriptive type and a research question which sometimes are included and sometimes not.  A theory can be referred to as a set of concepts which are systematically interconnected. The concepts can change into propositions and definitions to be used as a prediction about a certain phenomenon. For empirical data inductive and for theory, deductive reasoning is used. A model is a base or a construction designed to study a specific system or corporation e.g. Mike constructed a model including theories and reasoning for a precise evaluation (Creswell & Creswell, 2017).

Deduction vs. Induction on Design Model

        In order to study the inferences and reasoning, logic is used. In many disciplines such as computer science, semantics, mathematics, psychology, ethics, philosophy, and research, it is implemented. The forms which are taken by the arguments are analyzed by it and the validity of such forms is measures by logic in the form of true and false.

        Arguments can be referred to as premises and statements which can derive a conclusion if properly tended. They have the capability of doing so and they can be analogical, transitional, defeasible, informal, and formal. The most common kinds are the inductive and deductive arguments along with their reasoning.

        In deduction reasoning, it can be said that a conclusion is considered results which is logical from an arguments. Deduction is actually a way of gaining more information which might be valid and invalid as well. It is the reasoning in which results follows the discussed statements or premises. Premises strongly strengthen the conclusion and if they are accepted, it means that the conclusion derived is alright as well e.g. customers necessarily seek affordability so they want cheap.

        Meanwhile, inductive reasoning is used when it comes to evaluating some certain premises in order to create generalizations and conclusions. If the designer needs to form a conclusion, inductive reasoning allows him or her to form it with the facts. It is true that inductive reasoning gives power to the conclusion but it doesn’t make the conclusion authentic. With the strength of premises, it is, however, considered that recognizing the authenticity of premises, the conclusion cannot be false e.g. products with high quality are liked. Thus, production of high quality products is beneficial (Ketokivi & Mantere, 2010).

References on Design Model

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications .

Ketokivi, M., & Mantere, S. (2010). Two strategies for inductive reasoning in organizational research. Academy of Management Review , 35 (2), 315-333.