Many curtains were lifted with a single testimony and many aspects were revealed. The Sand Creek Massacre was told but it formed only one side of the coin. Only the witnesses without specific identities could form the other side as well. In 1864, Chivington was the 1st Colorado cavalry’s colonel and he led the troupe straight to the camp composed of Arapaho and Cheyenne Indians located in Big Bend of Sandy. Major Scott J. Anthony played an important role in changing colonel’s beliefs and was a part of the platoon as well. With arms, the destiny of Indians was changed and the massacre has occurred. Although it was named as a massacre but Colonel Chivington told about the negative actions of Indians which made the White force attack them and take the belongings back which they had taken. According to Colonel, it was the resilience of Indians to the policies presented to them and their abducting of resources which pushed orders on him and he took his troupe into the camp very early in the morning.

            On November 29, another heinous stone was set into the rising conflicts between Indians and the U.S. Colonel Chivington believed that in the camp, Indians were quite hostile whenever it came to the White people. He believed that Indians were some of the many tribes that had been involved in the killing and murdering of many White people. He was ascertained that many criminal and evil acts were done by the Indians. In fall of the same year, Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians had done much in the country lying between Rocky Mountains and the Little Blue. Although Colonel didn’t need to know about the names of Indians who had done such deeds, an Indian agent Samuel and Major Anthony stated that Indians should be punished for what they had done. They took the coats, the mules, and the cattle which didn’t settle down with Colonel and he received the orders to take the initiative. Others had tried to attack the camp as well but they had either been surprised or evaded. However, Colonel Chivington planned and attacked with the troupe so to not let the Indians get away and take back what had been stolen away from them.

            Colonel Chivington along with his troops and arms attacked in 1864 and produced the history by killing and taking what was theirs. The sun was rising when the troupe had attacked the whole camp. There were twelve hundred Indians present and numbers weren’t counted as they were killed in different ways by the army of Colonel Chivington. Although Colonel didn’t give any information on the number of elderly, no doubt there would be older people among the Indian young warriors as well. Approximately six hundred people were killed but the numbers still were blurred. Since the negotiations and policies had been failed, blood of so many Indians was shed. Since the attack was made very early, Indians were putrefied and unable to do anything as they weren’t anticipating the attack. Their hiding spots had also been explored by the army of Colonel and minimum casualties were left. The trenches which were many by Indians were figured out by Colonel and his soldiers had succeeded in accomplishing the mission which was to get back what was stolen no matter what. They took the contents back and handed them back to their lawful owners. There was a preposition of being under the flag and getting the protection, however, Indians didn’t take a step forward to get under the shadow.

            Colonel had witnessed an interview between the Black Kettle and Governor Evans. Although the opposition could be observed from the side of Indians, General Curtis had telegraphed that without his consent, peace couldn’t be made no matter what with the Indians. Colonel explained all that had happened in 1864 and on November 29 when a page in the history was made for the upcoming generations to read. However, a proper determination takes place with the story from both of the stories. Only the witnesses can tell what actually happened and just how the blood was actually shed (Kclonewolf, 2018).

References of TESTIMONY OF COLONEL J. M. COVINGTON

Kclonewolf. (2018). The Sand Creek Massacre. Retrieved from Kclonewolf: http://www.kclonewolf.com/History/SandCreek/sc-documents/sc-chivington-testimony.html