Television’s Historical Major Milestones and Its Evolution

        First of all, a look at the historical background of TVs. In 1928, the first Electronic Television was demonstrated or introduced in Germany and it was circulated commercially in 1934 among the public of the other countries. This invention was very interesting and exciting to the whole world since it was the first time when people got aware of incidents, events, news, and information visually right from their homes. Once WWII ended, the monochrome television with only a single channel became quite popular in Britain. Using analogy signals, the transmission was carried out by the NBC or National Broadcasting Company (Lotz, Evolution or revolution? Television in transformation 2018).

        Ever since 1936, the TV was completely monochrome or black and white, it has already been thirty years. For a thousand or so lookers, who tuned into broadcasts of mechanical television (1929-1935), pictures and orange and black because neon gas exhibited orange colour in the lamps which are used in the first sets of TV. If the decline of tow-colored television is observed and considered what they mean today, it will be determined that we perceive them as long-lost inventions. It has been announced by the licensing that there are not less than twelve-thousand monochrome televisions licenses present in the UK. BBC2 arrived in 1964 with better quality and line images up to 625. Surprisingly, it was watchable and sharper in the white and black images. It was the same year in which ‘Understanding Media’ was published by Marshal McLuhan as his best book (McLuhan 2016).

        The colour television by the ending of the 1950s was established in many huge cities but the early colour sets were costly and required immense maintenance and adjustments. And in England, because of the mix of cost, lack of clean technology, and caution, the colour would need a few years before it is ready to arrive. In 1954, the colour television started broadcasting. Meanwhile, in 1967, it was BBC who excelled in first broadcasting to be ever coloured. However, Phase Alternating Line was the selected standard and shortened as PAL (Lotz, The paradigmatic evolution of US television and the emergence of internet-distributed television 2016).

        Cable Television originated in the 1940s for enhancing the poor reception of signals in geographically remote or rocky areas. “Community Antennas” actually were chosen on the tops of mountains which were interlinked with the antenna towers for receiving the signals of the broadcast. Cable operators in the late 1950s started to take advantage of their capacity of picking up signals of the broadcast from a hundred miles and more away. This access started to shift the focus of the role of cable from local broadcast signals and their transmission to one offering new choices of programming. Approximately eight-hundred cable systems by 1962 served 850,000 subscribers. And there were some renowned corporate names like Cox, TelePromTer, and Westinghouse (“California Cable and Telecommunication Association”) (Lotz, The paradigmatic evolution of US television and the emergence of internet-distributed television 2016).

        In a subsequent way, the signals of transmission were optimized with digital technology. For accommodating the rising demand, menus are being expanded by cable programmes on the offerings of digital cable. Almost 280 cable networks by 2002 were present and the number was only growing. At the ending of 2002, the cable industry and consumer electronics got to the agreement of “plug-and-play” which permitted "one-way" sets of digital television to be connected to the system of cable without any set-top box. These new sets of televisions are classified under DCRs or Digital Cable Ready sets (Waldfogel 2017).

        Additionally, there were many restrictions since many stations were funded by the government and had to stick to the rules which the government had placed. That is why, the government created the Fed Communication Commission for monitoring the radio and TV stations (Waldfogel 2017).

        Under the regulations of the royal charter, BBC television as a service is delivered. And until 1932, programmes were produced by it for only domestic consumption in studios owned by it. Importance was placed on what is simplified by the Englishness which means that channels overly preferred white males. Such individuals were authorized to be representatives of the “spirit of the nation” (Edgerton 2009).

        The television operations of ABC began in 1953 when the Act of Television was passed providing the basic framework for both commercial and AVC television networks. The basis of ABC was on the model of BBC and was funded originally by a mix of government funds and license fees. Across the years, strategizing for the national service of television was put in place. In Melbourne and Sydney, land for transmitters and studios was acquired and trainers were hired to Australia from overseas. Cable television originated in 1940s and the Federal Communications Commission or FCC has been responsible for licensing as well as managing the electromagnetic spectrum for non-commercial users and for commercial users; it establishing a cable network of nationwide broadband for providing the services of TV throughput 1950s and the construction of various TV channels was completed. Star Hub in 2002 was combined with the SCV and was renamed as cable vision of Star Hub. In February 2009, Digital was adopted by the network, marketing ends of analogy televisions in different states (Waldfogel 2017).

References of Historical Major Milestones and Its Evolution

Bourdaa, M., J.P. Konsman, C. Sécail, and T. Venturini. 2015. "Does television reflect the evolution of scientific knowledge? The case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder coverage on French television." Public Understanding of Science 24 (2): 200-209.

Edgerton, Gary R. 2009. The Columbia History of American Television. Columbia University Press.

Lotz, A.D. 2018. "Evolution or revolution? Television in transformation." Critical Studies in Television 13 (4): 491-494.

Lotz, A.D. 2016. "The paradigmatic evolution of US television and the emergence of internet-distributed television." Revista ICONO14 Revista científica de Comunicación y Tecnologías emergentes 14 (2): 122-142.

Mark N. K. Saunders, Denise Skinner, Graham Dietz, Nicole Gillespie, Roy J. Lewicki. 2010. Organizational Trust: A Cultural Perspective. Cambridge University Press, .

McLuhan, Marshall. 2016. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

Ooredoo. 2019. Financial information. https://ooredoo.com/en/investors/financial_information/.

—. 2019. Who we are. https://ooredoo.com/en/who_we_are/.

Waldfogel, J. 2017. "The random long tail and the golden age of television." Innovation Policy and the Economy 17 (1): 1-25.