Methodology on Current Status in Clinical Technologies

        The aim of this research is to include in it the information on the clinical technology use in Saudi Arabia, which is gathered by the published work. Design of study, used methods for the study and used material nature is assessed by this review so that answers to all the questions of research are made easy. Atricles from Saudi Arabia, which were published in English, fall the in the inclusion criteria of the review of the research.
Adoption decision of health data standards of Saudi Arabia was investigated by Alkraiji at el 2016 in tertiary healthcare setups. These findings threw light on the important points of various sides of these standards .These points impact the decision of health data standards in the subject organizations. Technological factors and the Core environmental factors are included in it. The former include the IT infrastructure of health care system and compatibility of health data standards. Other factors included in it are complexity, costs of switching, uncertainties of market, better understanding and use of revised system.  Lack of national regulator and unavailability of the data exchange plan are the core environmental factors. Moreover, national healthcare system and the shortage of professionals also fall in the environmental factors. Organizational factors also affect it, some of which are unavailability of adequate policies, resistant in making new policies, accreditation, lack of information management plan and data analysis.

        Almutairi, K. M., & Moussa, M. (2014) found by by their research and wrote in their study that one way to assess the health care quality of kingdom of Saudi Arabia is to completely gain the knowledge of the health care system of Saudia. According to them, in spite of a great deal of progress that is made in Saudi healthcare system, a large number of obstacles are still present which affect the quality of health care services. Another reason of resistance in the betterment of the clinical technological and health care system is the uprising demands of population and heightened expectations of patient care.

Quality of healthcare is affected by many factors which include;

Patient factors: these factors include access to care, culture and health literacy. And,

Providers' factors: included in it are culture, job satisfaction medical care and workload.

    These factors usually remain unaddressed and this is one of the major reasons that the healthcare quality is on decline in Kingdoms like Saudi Arabia. In addition to it, increasing population of Saudi Arabia is another pressurizing factor, others being the high patient demands and high patient care expectations of attendants. Technology used in medical field in also becoming costly day by day.

    Alqahtani, M.M. and Atkins, A.S., 2017 worked hard and came out with a basic framework of guiding the planning process and to be helpful in the process of decision making. They also assisted in making the benefits of mobiles in e-health more and more. Their study is basically based on an outpatient department of a hospital which was situated in the Riyadh, capital of Saudi Arabia, and giving solution to their problems which should be mobile based.

        This study was conducted in a hospital which tried to minimize the workload of its reception and front desk staff by use of mobile based applications. A solution based on mobile applications was proposed and positive results were given by implementation of these solutions. Improvements were shown by reduction up to 30% in waiting time of patients, 255 no show cases and satisfaction of patient increased up to 10%. Greatest benefit of it was the reduction in the time of booking of appointments and cancelation of appointments. It is only possible if mobile based applications are made practical.

    The extent of usage and level of benefits of electronic health records (EHRs) were studied by Bah,at al  2011 , in the Saudi Arabia’s eastern province. Most of the hospitals of this province were government related.

        Development of Web Site is another aim of it. This website wills serve as a point where health care records of Saudi Arabia will be exchanged. This comprised of all the government related hospitals of the province of Saudi Aravia. The results surprisingly showed that out of nineteen, only three hospitals used electronic health records. The years of establishment of these remarkable were 1984, 1995 and 2005.However, study also showed the use of same EHR software by all the three hospitals. Successful use of the EHR software was going on in all the fields of radiology, pharmacy, radiology and laboratory of these hospitals. Meanwhile, many applications of the EHR went unnoticed and unused by the hospitals. Noncooperation of the physicians and staff of hospitals was a major issue that IT managers had to face while implementing the EHR system in the healthcare departments.

        Aljarullah, A., Crowder, R. and Wills, G., 2017 found out the key factors that can affect the acceptance of primary care physicians' towards EHRs in the Saudi Arabia. This is actually based on the literature reviews and findings of many researches. Eight factors are said to play a role in influencing the physicians' and making their attitude more flexible towards EHRs, according to many researches. These include: attitude, social influence, computer self-efficacy,  perceived threat to physician autonomy, confidentiality concerns perceived usefulness, physician participation and perceived ease of use.

        Study  of Al-Mahadeen, B.M., 2015. emphasized on the use of smart phones , iPads and other gadgets  in various healthcare departments of Saudi Arabia. There are also studies which are concerned about the problems and affects of the use of gadgets in health care setup.

        Alharbi, M.A 2018 worked on studying the current status of the reality of Health Information Technology (HIT) infrastructure in Saudi Arabia which he made possible by making a literature review in narrative form. His study showed that the electronic healthcare practices of Saudia Arabia are worsened due to the poor infrastructure of HIT. This study also showed that EHRs of Saudi Arabia failed  due to lack o awareness programs,specialist and trainess.

        Banu, G.R., Kuppuswamy, P. and Sasikala, N., 2017 are of the opinion that in Saudi Health care setup, there is no record of patient healthcare, data of prescriptions of patients and health record of patients. The biggest problem of Saudi hospitals, therefore, is the unavailability of the centralized data system which should be accessible to anyone at anytime.

        In viewpoint of Atallah, et al 2018 , development of mobile health applications for Saudi mental health patients is of utmost importance because it facilitates patients, caregivers, researches and staff of hospital and thus results in the improvement of the mental health care in Saudi Arabia.