In the childhood period I want to
discover new things through the help of paper. I have designed the paper
helicopter and paper plane also. I was interested in making the paper
helicopter the most because it is easier to make and also very low amount of skills
are required to make a paper helicopter. But when I was in my childhood period
I was unaware of the drawbacks why this paper helicopter is not perfect. At
that stage there are not many resources to make a paper helicopter ideal. There
are many materials through which this helicopter can be designed. In that part
of the age I was unaware of these materials and then after this in that stage
of the life I am aware of these materials through which the helicopter can be
designed. In this experiment we will perform different tests on the paper
helicopter and calculate the total hover time of the helicopter.
Objectives of the problem
The main objective of this
experiment is to design the paper helicopter better so that its hover time can
be increased. For analyzing the hovering time of the paper helicopter the first
objective is to identify the desired output we required so this will be our
response variable. After this the next task is to define the good helicopter
and also the type of material required to build a good helicopter. The good
helicopter is one that stays for a very long time in the air means to say that
its hover time is very high. This means that if the paper helicopter is dropped
from the certain height and it will stay in the air for a long time so its means
that this helicopter is good. The test conditions must be applied on the paper
helicopter.
Outcome variables of the problem
The outcome variables are
responsible for influencing the flight time of paper helicopter. These outcome
variables are the wind, the indoor environment and the martial of the paper.
Outline factors of the problem
There are some factors of the
paper helicopter that needs to be identified and must be test during the flight
time of the paper helicopter. These factors are included like the type of paper
that may be rough paper, smooth paper and may be hard paper the next factor is
the length of the rotor the length not be too long or too short the length of
the two legs are equal and also their width must be equal too. The flight time
of the helicopter is calculated through the use of two different paper
materials and also with shorter and longer length of its leg, also through
removing the paper clip and with paper clip and also with long rotor and short
rotor.
Main factors of the problem
For setting the paper helicopter
there are some main factors that are involve in disturbing the hover time of
the paper helicopter that include the paper type, length of the rotor, leg
length and width and in the last the paper clip on leg of the paper helicopter.
Analyze the experimental results of the problem
For analyzing the data the main
point is to set the design summary of this paper helicopter.

StdOrder
|
RunOrder
|
CenterPt
|
Blocks
|
Lengh
of rotor
|
Leg
length
|
Leg
Width
|
Paper
type
|
Paper
clip on
|
Flight
time of the helicopter
|
9
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
8.0
|
6.5
|
3.6
|
Heavy
|
No
|
1.58
|
7
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
8.0
|
10.0
|
5.2
|
Light
|
Yes
|
1.68
|
11
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
8.0
|
10.0
|
3.6
|
Heavy
|
Yes
|
1.98
|
6
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
9.5
|
6.5
|
5.2
|
Light
|
Yes
|
1.65
|
4
|
5
|
1
|
1
|
9.5
|
10.0
|
3.6
|
Light
|
Yes
|
2.02
|
5
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
8.0
|
6.5
|
5.2
|
Light
|
No
|
1.58
|
1
|
7
|
1
|
1
|
8.0
|
6.5
|
3.6
|
Light
|
Yes
|
2.14
|
15
|
8
|
1
|
1
|
8.0
|
10.0
|
5.2
|
Heavy
|
No
|
1.56
|
13
|
9
|
1
|
1
|
8.0
|
6.5
|
5.2
|
Heavy
|
Yes
|
1.68
|
8
|
10
|
1
|
1
|
9.5
|
10.0
|
5.2
|
Light
|
No
|
1.98
|
12
|
11
|
1
|
1
|
9.5
|
10.0
|
3.6
|
Heavy
|
No
|
1.91
|
10
|
12
|
1
|
1
|
9.5
|
6.5
|
3.6
|
Heavy
|
Yes
|
1.68
|
2
|
13
|
1
|
1
|
9.5
|
6.5
|
3.6
|
Light
|
No
|
1.75
|
16
|
14
|
1
|
1
|
9.5
|
10.0
|
5.2
|
Heavy
|
Yes
|
1.25
|
14
|
15
|
1
|
1
|
9.5
|
6.5
|
5.2
|
Heavy
|
No
|
1.69
|
3
|
16
|
1
|
1
|
8.0
|
10.0
|
3.6
|
Light
|
No
|
1.46
|

The initial model
was saturated. The stepwise procedure removed the following terms in order
to obtain sufficient degrees of freedom to begin:
Lengh of rotor*Leg Width, Leg length*Leg
Width, Leg length*Paper type, Leg Width*Paper
type
Analysis of Variance
Source
|
DF
|
Adj SS
|
Adj MS
|
F-Value
|
P-Value
|
Model
|
5
|
0.588131
|
0.117626
|
5.49
|
0.011
|
Linear
|
3
|
0.156269
|
0.052090
|
2.43
|
0.125
|
Length of rotor
|
1
|
0.004556
|
0.004556
|
0.21
|
0.654
|
Leg Width
|
1
|
0.131406
|
0.131406
|
6.14
|
0.033
|
Paper clip on
|
1
|
0.020306
|
0.020306
|
0.95
|
0.353
|
2-Way Interactions
|
2
|
0.431863
|
0.215931
|
10.09
|
0.004
|
Length of rotor*Paper clip on
|
1
|
0.257556
|
0.257556
|
12.03
|
0.006
|
Leg Width*Paper clip on
|
1
|
0.174306
|
0.174306
|
8.14
|
0.017
|
Error
|
10
|
0.214062
|
0.021406
|
|
|
Total
|
15
|
0.802194
|
|
|
|
Model Summary
S
|
R-sq
|
R-sq(adj)
|
R-sq(pred)
|
0.146309
|
73.32%
|
59.97%
|
31.69%
|
In the model summary the regression value seems ok at 73% to
conduct the experimental results because this means that the flight time that
is a dependent variable it is only 73% dependent on the independent variable
and this is ok because during the experimental results other minor factors also
involve rather than these factors like the wind, air, moisture, type of paper
etc.
Term
|
Effect
|
Coef
|
SE Coef
|
T-Value
|
P-Value
|
VIF
|
Constant
|
|
1.7244
|
0.0366
|
47.14
|
0.000
|
|
Length of rotor
|
0.0337
|
0.0169
|
0.0366
|
0.46
|
0.654
|
1.00
|
Leg Width
|
-0.1813
|
-0.0906
|
0.0366
|
-2.48
|
0.033
|
1.00
|
Paper clip on
|
0.0712
|
0.0356
|
0.0366
|
0.97
|
0.353
|
1.00
|
Length of rotor*Paper clip on
|
-0.2538
|
-0.1269
|
0.0366
|
-3.47
|
0.006
|
1.00
|
Leg Width*Paper clip on
|
-0.2087
|
-0.1044
|
0.0366
|
-2.85
|
0.017
|
1.00
|
Regression Equation
in Uncorded Units
Flight time
|
=
|
2.026 + 0.0225 Length of rotor - 0.1133 Leg Width
+ 2.090 Paper clip on
- 0.1692 Length of rotor*Paper clip on
- 0.1305 Leg Width*Paper clip on
|
Alias Structure
Factor
|
Name
|
A
|
Length of rotor
|
B
|
Leg length
|
C
|
Leg Width
|
D
|
Paper type
|
E
|
Paper clip on
|
Aliases
|
I + ABCDE
|
A + BCDE
|
C + ABDE
|
E + ABCD
|
AE + BCD
|
CE + ABD
|
Factorial plots

From the factorial graphs of this experiment it can be seen
that the three factors that are involved in changing the flight time of the
paper helicopter that include the length of the rotor, the leg width and the
paper clip on. It can be seen that the leg width has a great impact on the mean
time of the flight.