Report on Internet of things

Introduction of Internet of things

Smart home services are an emerging technology because it minimizes the user intervention with the monitoring processes of home settings and controlling of home appliances. Smart home services promise the potential to facilitate the user with the advanced process of home conditions such as luminosity, temperature, and humidity (Soliman, Abiodun, & Tarek Hamouda, 2013) (Xu, Wang, Wei, Song, & Mao, 2016). Smart home manipulates applications of ventilation, air conditioning, and heating processes and controls the status of the working process to minimize user intervention. The practitioners and researchers have made efforts to facilitate the concept of Smart home management. The simple object access protocol (SOAP) and Web Services description language (WSDL) enables to have complete control on the home.  The other efficient method includes Smart Home Energy Management System (SHEMS), ZigBee, IEEE802.15.4, Media follow me (MFM) and ubiquitous skype. All this technique consists of several sequence activities an improved user interaction with the services is also presented by the finite order Markov model. In the present work, the integrated approach of the internet of things and cloud computing is analyzed for the home devices and convenient measurement of home conditions and monetary of home appliances. Cloud Computing provides variable and adjustable computing services for the maintenance development and training of home services (Ricquebourg, Menga, & Durand, 2006).

Description of Iot hardware

Sensors and microcontrollers of Internet of things

The system architecture of the smart home considers the measurement of home conditions, monitoring of home appliances through the microcontroller enabled sensors. In the present architecture, the approach utilizes software as a service and platform as a service in cloud computing of the whole data processing system and it works at the backend process. The architecture of Smart home includes microcontroller enables the sensor to monitor home conditions and interpret the processes through the instrumental data. Microcontroller enabled actuators are used to receive and transfer the data before and after performing the actions. It provides interaction between all the layers of cloud services and Microcontroller (Ramlee, Tang, & Ismail, 2010). The database store design by cloud services works based on command services includes analysis and measurement of sustainable data. This server API layer is between the front end and backend and provides facilities for the functional processing of data, the web application serving as a cloud computing provides the facility to visualize the data collected by mobile devices control devices and sensors. The Zigbee technology of Smart home system works on the basis of sensors. The microcontroller sensors are powered by a battery and use technology to send the state of art information about the equipment.  Different types of sensors are designed in the powerful network search s ultraviolet sensor, an ultrasound sensor, and eraser sensors. The pic code is developed at the input and triggers output. All the applications are connected through Bluetooth technology and wireless controllers (Byun, Jeon, Noh, Kim, & Park, 2012).

Iot software of Internet of things

Application servers and interfaces of Internet of things

  The software application is developed to control all the electrical appliances in a much better and wiser method through Bluetooth. The combination of sensors as hardware and highly developed software system enables to have control. The core idea of software-defined Smart home is to introduce awesome art software that divides the home platform into three levels. The three levels include a controller layer external service layer and smart hardware layer (Byun, Jeon, Noh, Kim, & Park, 2012). In the smart hardware there all the types of hardware such as smart socket smart camera smart sensors and the smart band are included.  The controller layer is developed to have Central Management Service and it uses physical hardware abstract equipment of cloud. The controller layer is specially designed to provide shielding of hardware that was used and analyses all the information in an intelligent way. The software system is used for visualization analogical network of resources is designed. The standard as a software system collects information about security privacy communication equipment and processes used in the smart home. The software is developed to manage heterogeneity across all the appliances (Ricquebourg, Menga, & Durand, 2006). Area of smart home appliances management platform the standard management platform includes apple home kit, Alibaba smart living, QQ IOT, standard home kit system as a controlling system. The web application works through the cloud services and enables to have completed access for control measurement and visualization of data. The design of the smart home is based on three cases including measurement of home condition management of home appliances and controlling process of home accessories (Ricquebourg, Menga, & Durand, 2006). The primary use of a smart home is to get notifications about home conditions and what are the new requirements to improve home conditions such as temperature and humidity. The process of management of home appliances indicates the manipulation process for the control of different application searchlights, air conditioning, doors, and fans. Controlling home access uses RFID cards for activity logs (Soliman, Abiodun, & Tarek Hamouda, 2013).

Services and resources of Internet of things

The Technologies involved in the development of Smart home include Zigbee communication protocol, Arduino microcontrollers, JSON for data exchange, and Google App Engine for Cloud computing. Different techniques used for the development of Smart home are listed below,

1.      By using Arduino programming for the internet of things

2.      By using ZigBee go smart homes

3.      By using JSON for data exchange

4.      Web applications along with cloud computing

            The architecture discussed in the present analysis is cloud computing with web applicant. The process is efficient for data storage and providing interaction with the Stored data. The important feature of this technique is the versatility of cloud services as it can be accessed anywhere anytime with tremendous values.  The web application is strongly related to the reading sensors, monitoring processes, and storing readings. The implementation process is associated with the Google App Engine platform for the development, deployment, and maintaining of web applications in a simple way (Soliman, Abiodun, & Tarek Hamouda, 2013). The extensive application of the web-based system is due to simplicity in use, scalability for the service request and flexible interface for the data storage processes. The web application can be described into two main parts including back and programming and front and programming. Front end programming serves as web client the users can interact to the front end. Backend programming serves as computing services that use logical processes and arithmetic processes for the storage of services and storage of all the data including orders request and processes (Soliman, Abiodun, & Tarek Hamouda, 2013). The web pages are developed by html5, it allows a wide range of connections with mobile devices and access jQuery mobile support interfaces. The CSS styling enhances user interactive web interface.   In the case of smart home applications ajax is used to develop asynchronous web applications. The backend services of web-based cloud computing system include monitoring of home applications, measurement of conditions and controlling of all appliances. The storage of cloud computing is used as a service for message queue, objects, and hosting databases (Xu, Wang, Wei, Song, & Mao, 2016).

Data management of Internet of things

The measurement of home condition uses different sensor module such as humidity parameter, ambient light, proximity, and temperature conditions. The user interface services are provided through a web-based cloud computing system. VCNL4000 is an ambient light and proximity sensor that works based on the signal processing IC. 12C communication bus interface records the amount of area and light. DHT22 temperature-humidity sensor is a low-cost digital sensor that measures humidity and temperature of the area. Thermistors used in sensor spits of digital signals on the data pin (Ramlee, Tang, & Ismail, 2010). The complete control of smart actuators is associated with home appliances.  Smart actuators and devices are used to perform different actions for making an adjustment of the operational system. Actuators works on basis of functionalities including positioning for the percentage open, on and off service valves, modulating to control changes that are mainly for the different flow conditions, and emergency shutdown (ESD) of the system. Relay SPDT sealed actuators are used to provide the functionality of on and off switching of appliances such as fans, lamps, and lights (Ramlee, Tang, & Ismail, 2010).  In order to activate actuators, the appropriate command is specially used as mentioned in table 1.

Table 1: Command control

Data query, analysis, and visualization of Internet of things

  According to the instructions of code pin number 4 is high and power is delivered.  The cloud services can be used for controlling home access and it can be hosted on Google Cloud infrastructure. The process of implementation uses RFID reader 1D-12 and RFID tags of -125 KHz that controls the home access. The RF range is specified, and it cannot be redefined or reprogrammed.  Each user of Technology will have a personal RFID card along with a unique ID.  Before entering and leaving the home they will scan the card over RFID reader next to the door.  The scanned ID will be sent directly to the associated Arduino board by the specified serial protocol. The unique Id of the user is then transferred as serial protocol. The controlling services compare the scanned ID against the authorized ID of the whole database (Soliman, Abiodun, & Tarek Hamouda, 2013).

Figure 1: the User interface for the determination of home conditions

Source: https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~brecht/courses/854-IoT-2016/readings/smart-home/smart-home-integrating-web-and-cloud-iccts-2013.pdf

Security and privacy challenges of Internet of things

The extensive use of WiFi and centralized technology is based on signal strength. The detection process of smart devices and fingerprints is especially required. The localized algorithm of Wifi RSS is based on the indoor algorithms and works in two phases such as localization and database construction. The target area will detect closer devices that induce impact on security. Wifi hackers can scatter the net by network formalism.

Challenges and limitation of IoT of Internet of things

The challenges faced by virtualization technology includes heterogeneous networks, personalized composition of the network, design of security mechanism, and energy efficient system capacity. The traditional virtualization technology induces emphasis on integrated system resources. There is a bright prospect for the software designed smart home while it faces some challenges. The collection of massive data of users works for the home monitoring system and data analysis. In the case of the invaded platform, the system faces huge economic losses and higher system security and safety system is required to be developed (Ricquebourg, Menga, & Durand, 2006).

Conclusion on Internet of things

The present work deals with the application of a new system for the smart home. Different methods are devised to improve the interaction of the user with the home system. The research identified that the best method for the smart home control system is cloud-based website control process. Some challenges are also identified along with the process of rectification.  The information data analysis is a difficult process that needs to ensure the monitoring of devices.

References of Internet of things

Byun, J., Jeon, B., Noh, J., Kim, Y., & Park, S. (2012). An intelligent self-adjusting sensor for smart home services based on ZigBee communications. IEEE transaction on the consumer, 58(03), 65-70.

Ramlee, R. A., Tang, D. H., & Ismail, M. M. (2010). Smart home system for Disabled People via Wireless Bluetooth. 2012 International Conference, 01(01), 20-30.

Ricquebourg, V., Menga, D., & Durand, D. (2006). The Smart Home Concept: our immediate future. 2006 IEEE international conference, 01(01), 31-39.

Soliman, M., Abiodun, T., & Tarek Hamouda, J. Z. (2013). Smart Home: Integrating the Internet of Things with Web Services and Cloud Computing. 2013 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, 01(01), 317-322.

Xu, K., Wang, X., Wei, W., Song, H., & Mao, B. (2016). deal with the problems of inconvenience toward Software Defined Smart Home. Green Communications and Computing Networks, 03(01), 01-10.