the digital indicator is connected to load cell. The indicator must be switched on for 10 minutes before taking readings. Load is applied to the load hanger, and then indicator reading represents the horizontal reaction of the pinned support. There is tare button when there is not a zero error then it should be pressed. B y increasing Load on hanger then change in the horizontal reaction is recorded.

1. Weight to verify theoretical analysis of a 3 pinned portal frame by experimental evaluation.

Source:

https://www.scribd.com/document/256542933/Lab-Report-Portal-Frame

Weight should be free from any dust or any scratch because it effect on the readings.

Related theory

Portable frame method:

It is used for the analysis of approximate lateral load. Several engineering structures like factories, building and bridges used this method for the testing of horizontal and vertical loads. This method is dominant in low rise structure. It makes simplifying assumptions in columns.

Source: https://www.steelconstruction.info/images/thumb/8/8e/Portal-2.jpg/500px-Portal-2.jpg

Shear force:

It is the unaligned forces pushing one part of a body in one specific direction, and other part of the body in the opposite direction. When the forces are aligned into each other then this force is called compression force. Shear force in the beam is the algebraic sum of all the forces including reactions acting normal to the axis of the beam either on the left or right side of the beam.

Bending moment diagram:

It always use by the structural engineers. In steel beam design, bending moment tells the structural engineer that which lightest shape of steel that can be use. For simply supported beam, maximum bending moment is located at the point where shear is zero because shear is the mathematical derivative of shear.

Source: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/e3/88/06/e38806523fa6ef891784c198d01e9bf4.jpg

Calculation of shear force and bending moment diagram of assume portal frame:

The portal frame has two pinned joints and one roller support at one end. When we loaded the frame, the roller pins allow the frame to move sideways. A horizontal force can be applied to restore the end of the frame to its original position. So this action can be simulate by the action of a pinned support, now frame has 3 pinned joints.

To Find to verify theoretical analysis of a 3 pinned portal frame by experimental evaluation.

Horizontal reaction =______

Vertical reaction =______

Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram=______

ASSUME PORTAL FRAME:

Experimental procedure to verify theoretical analysis of a 3 pinned portal frame by experimental evaluation.

1. Load should be applied in intervals.

2. The indicator reading shows the horizontal reaction of the pinned support.

3. By increasing the load on the load hanger the change in the horizontal reaction is recorded.

4. Take readings for four load increments.

5. Then results of the experiment should be related with the theoretical readings to find the error.

Calculations to verify theoretical analysis of a 3 pinned portal frame by experimental evaluation.

Width, b = 25mm

Thickness, h = 9mm

Height of portal frame, L1 = 600mm

Length of portal frame, L3 = 600mm

Distance of load from support A, a = 500mm

From the graph, the slope of the experiment is 0.04

Error = (theoretical – experimental) / (theoretical) × 100

Error = (0.0417 – 0.04) / (0.0417) 100

Error = 4.08

Theoretical horizontal support reaction (N) is greater than experimental horizontal support reaction (N) because it is free from any error.

Sources or errors to verify theoretical analysis of a 3 pinned portal frame by experimental evaluation.

Normally errors in the measurement are due to systematic error, random error, and blunders (misreading a scale or forgetting a digit while reading a scale). These errors can be eliminating by taking more readings or by taking more observations. Use system which is up-to-date for eliminating system error. This error can also be eliminating by taking observation from another instrument.

Conclusion to verify theoretical analysis of a 3 pinned portal frame by experimental evaluation.

From the result, we conclude that experiment contains small error. Few suggestions should be applied for getting accurate results. Following are the suggestion:

1. Carefully applied weights

2. Readings should be observed accurately.

From experiment we get that by increasing loads there will be increase in displacement on the roller side and it will increase the bending moment on the roller side.