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Summary of Automatic control
In
this experiment, the main objective or
goal is how to tune the Controller and
maintained the level of water in the tank. For industrial plant control, this experiment is carried out on the CC-PID control scheme. The aim of this
experiment is to reduce high overshoot
and to tune the controller which can retain the level of the vessel. We used
the Cohen-Coon method. For the step change response, the experiment shows that
the P controller is one of the best controllers for this response as compared
with the PID and PI controller. With realistic applications to the set point, the PI controller showed the closeness
as well as it is suitable.
Theory of Automatic control
We have to
introduce here about the controller. The controller
means that it’s a program that is used among the application as well as user
and the other task that triggered in ASP. Why we need a controller, this is
the question which comes in our mind when
we perform this experiment. The most commonly used controllers are PID, in systems that want some control than
low-level controllers are used.
Proportional, integral, as well as differential controllers, are stands for
PID. To achieve optimal control of our system,
it consists of these three parts and helps
on this. Controllers made our life very easy. There are different types of controllers
that control the system PID controllers, P (Proportional) controllers, I
(Integrating) controllers as well as D (Differential) controllers and many more
but these are widely used.
As we know
that the performance of the controller
depends on the design and tuning of the controller. Deviation to the actual
output through required output this is applied
by the P Controller to the system
Procedure of
·
To allow the vessel to fill that is 0% initially
open the solenoid valve.
·
To maintain the level of 140mm in the tank
manual control is done by the percentage of opening PSV
·
By the computer the elapsed time as well as
liquid level are recorded
·
For the second run this procedure can be
repeated and data is recorded.
Now describe the
procedure of an automatic tuning, for each controllers a P, PI, PID a step
change is applied and the water level is observed by PSV.
·
In figure 2 see the curve of process reaction by
applying the step change to achieved the desired result.
·
To obtain the time constant and other parameters
use the reaction curve
·
The tuning parameters are obtained using the
equation that is listed in table 1
·
To reach the set point leave the system. For PI
& PID controller repeat the above steps
Result of
During the six
different runs the manual and automatic control were recorded.
4.1. Manual Control:
In figure 1 and 2 of the manual
control it can be seen as by the passage of time both runs have an irregular
trend since the second run for manual control the set point largely digress.
Therefore, in SOL2 than SOL3 the water level was early manipulated.
The figure 4
shows the graph of P controller as it attains the steady state in 90s and the
liquid level is less than 150mm. Figure 5 & 6 shows the PI & PID
controller PI controller reach its set point earlier than the PID and the
liquid height is 100mm.
Discussion on Automatic control
For the manual control figure 1 & 2 shows the difference in the above experiment with different sizes there were two solenoid valves that the tank outlet flow rate affect, after the first run, by the operator we can observe the relevance among the inlet flow and the liquid level. By graphical analysis we easily find the time constant with the help of figure 3, from intermediate area choosing two different points as well as finding the tangent line. Therefore, dead time is supposed which is 1s that is smaller than the process. As we see in the figure 4 the P controller is easily reached to the set point so in the system the offset was occurred because of the immediate opening of PSV. We can reduce this offset by increasing the value of gain but the responses is unstable by using the other controller like PI and PID. Due to proportional action the controller PI & PID respond quickly, in PID controller by derivative action, decreased the oscillation as well as domain period. To tune the level the Cohen-Coon method is the excellent method with or without offset it can reach the set point. The desired product produces the automatic controller is used in the distinguished tolerance with high accuracy and less error. In this experiment some error may happen. Such as the time constant that is estimated from gradient curve. The other is suppose the value of dead time.
Conclusion on Automatic control
It
is concluded that in this experiment we prefer the automatic vessel in spite of
the manual. When judgement, as well as discretion, is required manual controls are applied. Moreover, to monitor automatic controls, manual control could be used. For the
environment the automatic control is suitable with high volumes of transactions.
As in the chocolate factory we want to automate the vessels. So, we use the CC
method for this as P or PI controller is best for attaining the desired result.
As less oscillation is produced and we get the accurate result. PID controller
is very sensitive to the noise, so we
don’t use this in the chocolate factory.
References of Automatic control
Engr. Joseph, E. A., AMNIM, & MNSE. (2018).
Cohen-Coon PID Tuning Method: A Better Option to Ziegler. Computer
Engineering and Intelligent Systems .
opticontrols. ( 2011, March 24,). Cohen-Coon Tuning Rules.
Retrieved from http://blog.opticontrols.com/archives/383
S.Jondhale, A., & at.al. (2015). Level Control of Tank System using
PID Controller-A Review. International Journal for Scientific Research &
Development| .
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