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In the current report, there is critical evaluation of the people with legitimate power in the Saudi Aramco; however, people who are at different organizational position are focused in the study in order to know that they misuse their power or not. However, it is noticed through conducting the primary and secondary research that there are people who have the legitimate power in the Saudi Aramco; however, they effectively use the power, so that there could be benefits to the company.
In the current research there is focus on the legitimate powers associated with the different organizational level at Saudi Aramco and it is analyzed through SPSS software (Cronbach's alpha method) that people are not misusing their powers infect there is organizational and employees growth. The current research uses the secondary and primary research is conducted so that there could be better analysis of the people who have the authority in the company and it is noticed in the result that legitimate power is there but there is no misuse of the authority.
Legitimate power could be explained as the person who is on formal position and can use power organization based on his/her designation. However, the legitimate power is given based on the organization's hierarchy of authority; one may be the president of a corporation or an employee. Legitimate power focuses on the perception and reality that is based on one particular position. However, the people in the organization can get the distinct advantage through legitimate power under the objective rule and some law of the organization
Consequently, in the current research there is the focus on the legitimate powers associated with the different organizational level at Saudi Aramco. People at different positions in the organization will be analyzed that how they using their powers and providing the benefits to company
Formal power or legitimate power is handed over to a manager
or an official with a high responsibility under the attention of peers of
organization. Such a power is specifically assigned through a verbal or written
contract and it defines the responsibility of that specific person as well. On
the basis of this exalted, authorized, and sanctioned duty or responsibility,
workers believe that such an official has the power of reviewing the
performance of workers.
Sometimes this creativity and motivation both are curbed when
the above mentioned power is used excessively. But when it comes to decision
making, a lack of use can prolong the process and waste a lot of time.
Therefore, both the excess and the lack are harmful for the success of a
project. Within the process, there is a critical balance which is needed to be
maintained. Such a balance is quite tough to achieve and makes it more likely
for a conflict to occur.
Even laws and rules underpin Legitimate or Authorized power.
Failing to follow steps can result in the use of such power from the boss’s
end. If president is considered, they actually have the support of land and law
for issuing new rules and directives. Even with the status of Authorized or
Legitimate Power as a power which is formal, perception is what actually
creates it. A subordinate’s perception is that some other person has the power
of exerting control over him or the group.
In an organization, understanding the authority is quite
easy with a precise hierarchy. The existence of laws and rules sometimes means
the reinforcement of such power. For instance when it comes to instructing the
military, a legal power or authority will be gripped by the president. An
employee can face retribution actually if boss’s wishes and not met properly in
the context of business. Among various and many societies, such power is
believed and acted upon as norm in the culture
1.2 Statement of the Problem of
Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
In some organizations there is the misuse of the political
power; as manager and employees at different ranks can misuse their authority.
However, subordinates, coworkers and people under legitimate power have to face
issues in this way, because they are not secure. Therefore, in this research
there is the analysis of the legitimate powers associated with the different
organizational level at Saudi Aramco, in order to known that how people or
employees are using their powers, and what benefit company is getting due to
the right given to the employees to use legitimate power. If legitimate power
is not effective then employee commitment, compliance and resistance also
affected and the safety practices can also be affected under the legitimate
powers because employees are not protected.
1.3 The significance of the Study
of Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
There is significance of the current research because in
this way, because in this way, there can be analysis of the Saudi Aramco
organizations that is there is misuse of the political power by the manager and
employees or not. Through the research the analysis at different positions can
be done through analyzing the effect on subordinates, coworkers and people
under legitimate power that they feel secure or not.
Therefore, there is significance of the current research
because legitimate powers associated with the different organizational level at
Saudi Aramco can be calculated and the positive and negative effects on the company
can also be known. Legitimate power associated with different organizational
level at Saudi Aramco can also be analyzed in this way, in terms of employee
commitment, compliance and resistance, safety practices etc.
1.4 Research Objectives of
Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
In the current research there is the focus on the legitimate
powers associated with the different organizational level at Saudi Aramco;
therefore, the objectives in research; are based on general objective in order to know that how people in
Saudi Aramco are using their powers. According to Barnes (2013)objectives means
efforts or actions that are used to attain or accomplish some purpose or goal,
there are efforts that are done to get knowledge of specific information and to
reach desired outcomes
However, in the current research, there is a use of the
general objectives so that there could be effective analysis the of the people legitimate
powers at Saudi Aramco. The general objectives of the current research are
discussed below:
To analyze the legitimate powers associated with the
different organizational level at Saudi Aramco.
To determine the factors related to the safety practices
given to the employees in Saudi Aramco under the legitimate powers.
To ascertain if there is misuse of the legitimate powers
under different organizational level at Saudi Aramco.
To examine the relationship of the legitimate power with the
employee commitment, compliance and resistance.
1.5 Research Questions of
Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
The research questions of the current research are discussed
below:
How legitimate powers associated with the different
organizational level at Saudi Aramco?
What are some factors related to the safety practices given
to the employees in Saudi Aramco under the legitimate powers?
What misuse of the legitimate powers employees does under different
organizational level at Saudi Aramco?
What is the relationship of the legitimate power with the
employee commitment, compliance and resistance?
2. Literature Review and Legitimate Power of a Specific Person of Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
According to Dollard & Bakker (2010), legitimate power
of a specific person plays a very important role when it comes to
responsibility, stress, and even ideas. Although, officials have the power to
create a directive and make workers follow them all but sometimes it creates
stress instead of productivity at the workplace. Therefore, it is important for
an organization to give a voice or power to workers as well. After all, it can
indeed help in raising the diversity of ideas, decreasing the work stress and
preventing health issues among workers. When employees have a sense of control,
they are certainly able to perform better than before and it overall helps the
organization in reaching different aims in less periods of time
In his study Loorbach (2010) tells that companies are
developing at a rapid rate. Many systematic ways have changed and are still
developing but while producing some changes, many issues such as the misuse of
Legitimate Power handed over to the officials or the managers of the corporation.
With changing societies and corporations, it is very important to make sure
that misuse of such power is not being conducted in the company. After all, it
can hurt the employees in more than a single way. It can inhibit the
performance of the whole corporation and slowly take the company down. A simple
way for taking a measure against such an approach concerns the involvement of
employees in processes and giving them freedom to ensure that a misuse is not
being conducted. Although it takes a toll on the corporations but it produces
efficient results and helps in increasing the motivation of employees as well
2.1 Legitimate Power Can Influence
Others of Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The
Different Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
Lunenburg (2012) states that power can influence others and
legitimate power is just its another form. It is actually the ability of
influencing behaviors of others due to position or authority that person holds
in the organization. It is also referred as the position power and is derived
from an authority’s person within the corporation. This power is often called
formal authority and has been given by the organization to influence other
individuals due to the power of position that person holds. For example, when a
manager asks the worker to work late due to the overwhelming burden of work, that
manager is in fact using the power. This power can be enhanced by manager
through the formulation of different procedures and policies. For instance, a
requirement must be established by the manager so that every new hired worker
has to be approved by the manager through exercising that activity.
In legitimate power’s exercise, a major role is played by no
one other than subordinates. If workers are viewing the subjected power as
legitimate, they comply but if they don’t view it as legitimate, it creates
errors within the organization. Stepping over the limitations is considered
inappropriate such. For instance, a boss can ask another employee to write a
document for the company but it would be an overuse of his power if he asks the
work to write a doctoral dissertation or any other personal document. At Saudi
Aramco, such a use is not considered authentic
Spears (2010) tells that within organizations, legitimate
power is handed over to individuals with some certain abilities. Such
individuals must have a very efficient ability of listening. Keeping the
workers connected and solving their problem requires some efficient hearing and
communicating skills. After all, the manager has to listen complains of every
other worker and solve the issue. Another duty that comes with legitimate power
is to empathize with the employees and devise a way for their problems.
In order to maintain a strong connection among workers, this
skill needs to be very strong in the manager. The awareness of the manager also
has to be powerful because increasing the knowledge of employees and raising
their knowledge about some certain situations. Such responsibilities come with
the legitimate power which is handed over to managers. Although legitimate
power gives authority to officials it increases the duty of such officials as
well
2.2 Negative Impact of Legitimate
Power of Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
According to Jayasingam, Ansari, & Jantan (2010),
legitimate power is handed over on the basis of belief that the holder of such
power has the authentic right of prescribing and controlling others with his or
her organizational position’s virtue. The impact of formal of legitimate power
has been determined as inconsistent. It has been demonstrated by this power
that with its use, there are weaker but still, the relationships are quite
positive in some specific situations like decreased intentions of turnovers.
However, it has also been found in many other studies that legitimate power has
a negative impact when it comes to leader effectiveness. Although it is the
authority of manager of increasing knowledge and awareness of workers, there
still are chances of this power being used in negative terms as well
Rahim (2012) tells that norms of corporations are never
static. They are changing continuously and it is very important for the
companies to change their policies and agreements with even the employees and
officials to ensure that the company is up to date. Legitimacy is delivered and
produced through different agreements made with the officials. With this
legitimate power that they have, they indirectly have the power of changing
just how workers are operating within an organization. Although legitimate is
often assigned to only the workers who have a specific position higher than
that of other workers but it is not fixed as well. The CEO of the organization
has the power of handing this power to anyone regardless of the position
2.3 Guidelines and Policies of
Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
Tankebe (2013) in the study states that Legitimacy is very
important when it comes to the efficient management in an organization. Every
other organization regardless of the region has its own guidelines and policies
regarding the legitimate power. A manager is usually the one with such power
because he or she has the duty of establishing trust and a strong communication
among all the workers. They have to ensure the best outcomes and that is why
they are handed such power. With the authentic legitimate power, they get the
willingness of employees to mold the work in such a way that the organization
can be benefitted
Roeck & Delobbe (2012) tells that with the legitimate
power, there are many advantages that the organization gains. For instance,
employees need effective management to work properly and produce the outcomes
that can help the company overall. If such a management is not present,
employees are unable to perform up to their best and it takes a toll on the
organization. An official is handed the legitimate power to make the workers
settle into a systematic way of completing the task.
Sometimes, employees are not working properly and it is
affecting the performance. In such a situation, a manager needs to exercise the
power regardless of the position in Saudi Aramco and settle the issue. The
manager can either tell the worker to perform right this time or work overtime
to produce results and match the performance which was missed
2.4 Hypothesis of Critical
Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational
Level at Saudi Aramco
H1 There is the positive relationship between the legitimate
power and employee commitment.
H0 There is the negative relationship between the legitimate
power and employee commitment.
H2 There is the positive relationship between the legitimate
power and employee compliance.
H0 There is the negative relationship between the legitimate
power and employee compliance.
H3 There is the positive relationship between the legitimate
power and employee resistance.
H0 There is the negative relationship between the legitimate power and employee resistance.
2.5 Conceptual Framework of Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
There are four variables used for this research which are legitimate
power, commitment, compliance and resistance. The model of the organization is
as:
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
3. Methodology of Critical
Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational
Level at Saudi Aramco
In the current research, secondary and primary research is
conducted so that there could be analysis of the people who have legitimate
powers associated with the different organizational level at Saudi Aramco. It
is analyzed that literature search and experimental research provide the best
results, in this way; the current research is based on the literature search
and the experimental survey. In the literature search, there is the analysis of
the author studies, case studies etc.
However, in the case of experimental, there is the analysis
of the research participant. Moreover, it is analyzed that the current respect
could be analyzed as the classified bibliographical research because there is
focus on the literature that is authentic and already have data related to our
topic. Moreover, the current research is also known as the participant and
lifting as there is analysis related to the books and scientific articles. The
research is experimental research as there are effective methods of
investigation and the researcher is involved in the individual interviews based
on the questionnaires
3.1 Research Design of Critical
Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational
Level at Saudi Aramco
In this chapter, there is the focus to analyze the data as
the methodology that is used for the data collection is based on the three main
stages of the current research. The current research based on the analysis of
the people who have legitimate powers associated with the different
organizational level at Saudi Aramco that is concerned with the methodological
procedures. In the data, the research focused on the first step that is present
planning methodology, however, the second and third step is based on the
conducting the interviews with the manager, so that there could be a complete
application of questionnaires and then an analysis is done.
The research design for the present research is said to be
explanatory because it uses the methodological operations. However, exploratory
study is concerned so that there could be better analysis legitimate powers
associated with the different organizational level at Saudi Aramco and so that
there could be the better explanation of the relationship that is between the
different organizational level and their power in Saudi Aramco.
Moreover, the study focus on reviewing existing theories
that are done in the literature review, the analysis and the studies that are
noticed are based on the problem that how legitimate powers associated with the
different organizational level at Saudi Aramco can be applied. Moreover, the
selected research design has its own nature and objectives and in this way,
explanatory research design is used to effectively focus on the qualitative as
well as quantitative research.
To get the answers of current research; this research uses
the qualitative and quantitative the research analysis because it is more
appropriate to use as defined byBrannen (2017) there can be the key issue in
the methodology; therefore, qualitative and quantitative research can use in
any research. The methodologists in the study concluded that these two
approaches are helpful as well as not mutually exclusive because there is the
involvement of the practice related to the mixing methods. Qualitative and
quantitative researchers are successfully combined because they have the
benefits in the social sciences
3.2 Research philosophy of
Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
Wei & Moyer (2009) focused on the methodology that it
should be conducted in the systematic and coherent way; it is analyzed that
practical research can help to find out practical problems. For the solution of
the problems and to get the relevant analysis of the problem, the literature
review can be helpful because it uses the data of the past researchers and
there could be analyzed in an effective way
Blanche, Blanche, Durrheim, & Painter (2006) focus on
the exploratory, descriptive as well as the explanatory research; it is
analyzed that these way to conduct the reassert are effective as they provide
effective results and help to nourish the research. However, exploratory
research could be explained as the goals of the research because it can make
the preliminary investigations; through exploratory research, there can be the
discussion on unknown areas of research. It is also the inductive approach that
focuses on the new insights to provide the greater familiarity, moreover, it
also focuses to build hypotheses.
The descriptive research is explained as the decisions based
on the particular population because it helps to find out the relationships
between variables through deeper analysis. Moreover, explanatory research
determines the knowledge of reality as well as the occurrence of phenomena.
Therefore, aspects related to the exploratory, descriptive as well as the
explanatory research need to be included in the research because there can be
positive feedback and better analysis in this way
3.3 Research Approach of
Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
In the book by Wei & Moyer (2009), there is the analysis
of the techniques that are important in the research as the interview as well
as the questionnaire is considered as the effective approach because interviews
as the questionnaires are known as the cheap methods to obtain the relevant
information.
Moreover, questionnaire helps the researcher to find out the
people who are actually facing the problems, therefore, there can be better
analyzed and information in this way. Thus, an interview is also considered as
the effective approach in the research method because there is a face-to-face
interaction of the researcher with the people. However, both the interview and
the questionnaire can support our current research effectively
The applied methodology for the current research is
quantitative and qualitative research data analysis so that aspects related to
the importance of risk management and safety can be effectively focused and so
that there could be an effective identification of the successful projects.
Through the interview and the questionnaire, exploratory and descriptive study,
current research gets the best suitable results.
3.5 Sampling of Critical
Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational Level
at Saudi Aramco
For the sampling technique of the current research, there is
the use of the simple random sampling technique as it is most appropriate to
use for this research. Simple random sampling technique is also known as the
probability sampling technique and through it, there can be the selection of
the random employees and in this way, there is the authenticity of the research
results and there can be the perfect representation of the sample of people on
different posts.
3.6 Population and Sample Size of
Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
In order to investigate people who have legitimate powers
associated with the different organizational level at Saudi Aramco, people who
are on higher posts in the company are selected in order to meet the objectives
of the current research. 30 employees were selected and questionnaire and
interviews were conducted with them.
3.8 Data Collection Method of
Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
For the instrument development of the current research, it
is known that questionnaires as well as interviews are the best way to conduct
the data analysis techniques. With the effective instrument selection for data
collection, the questionnaire was made. The data is collected through making
the self-developed questionnaire and interviews questions.
9 questions were made for the questionnaire on the
Likert-scale and 5 questions were made for the interview purpose.
Questionnaires and interviews are widely used technique. The questionnaire and
interview technique is well recognized and has the reliability and validity;
therefore, it is known as the best method for investigating the variables. The
designed questionnaire made the contacts with the people who have powers
associated with the different organizational level at Saudi Aramco. The
questionnaires that were made for the research are given in appendix A and B.
3.9 Data Analysis Technique of
Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different
Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
Data analysis is considered as the most important part of
the methodology because in this part, there is the interpretation of the data
that is collected. The results that are obtained from the questionnaire and
interviews are analyzed in this section. For the current research there is the
analysis of the descriptive and inferential data in the effective way.
The descriptive data analysis technique is suitable for any
research. For the current research there will be use of SPSS software so that
there could be effectively focus on the research outcomes and credibility and
so that results could be authentic and valid. For the practical implications
SPSS software uses the Cronbach's alpha in order to effectively measure the
internal consistency through the scale reliability.
4. Data Analysis and Research Findings of Critical
Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational
Level at Saudi Aramco
The data that is collected through the questionnaire and
interview is analyzed through Cronbach's Alpha test so that there could be
better assessment of people who have legitimate powers associated with the
different organizational level at Saudi Aramco. “All Cronbach's alphas are at
least 0.7, indicating satisfactory internal consistency reliability” Cronbach’s
Alpha was done on the question and it is known that result in effective and
significance because the value of the Cronbach's Alpha test that is obtained is
greater than 0.7. Please see appendix C.
5. Discussion of Critical
Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational
Level at Saudi Aramco
Through focus on the legitimate power, it is analyzed that
people or employees in the Saudi Aramco are using the legitimate powers effectively
and employees are getting effectiveness associated with it. People at different
organizational level in Saudi Aramco are not doing misuse of their powers as
analyzed through the results, because employees are satisfied, and they think
through legitimate power they are given help. People at different positions in
the organization are analyzed that how they using their powers and providing
the benefits to company. It is also analyzed that legitimate power provides
benefit to the company and employees because Saudi Aramco is following laws and
there is guidance for all employees.
The results indicate that there is no misuse of legitimate
power, because employees at different organizational level at Saudi Aramco are
using the power for organizational effectiveness. The research analyze the
legitimate powers associated with the different organizational level at Saudi
Aramco and positive relationship between the employee commitments, compliance
and resistance are known. It is known that company is following the safety
practices because under legitimate power employees are given values in Saudi
Aramco under.
6. Conclusion of Critical
Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational
Level at Saudi Aramco
It can be concluded that the legitimate power has impact on
the organization because employees can be treated effectively in this way and
they could effectively train in this way; through following the hierarchy of
authority. It can also be concluded that there should not misuse of legitimate
power so that employees do not get the negative impact from the organization.
It is need to be notice that Saudi Aramco is effectively dealing with the legitimate
power in an organization. It can be concluded that legitimate power, people or
employees in the Saudi Aramco are using the legitimate powers effectively and
employees are getting effectiveness because the company and employees are
getting the growth.
People at different organizational level in Saudi Aramco are
not doing misuse of their powers as analyzed through the results, because
employees are satisfied, and they think through legitimate power they are given
help. People at different positions in the organization are analyzed that how
they using their powers and providing the benefits to company. It is also
analyzed that legitimate power provides benefit to the company and employees
because Saudi Aramco is following laws and there is guidance for all employees.
However, it is in the current research there is focus on the
legitimate powers associated with the different organizational level at Saudi
Aramco; in order to analyze that if people there misuse the power given to them
then there could be negative impact on the employees. If there is misuse of the
power in the company then subordinates, coworkers and people under legitimate
power have to face issues and they may not be secured.
7. Recommendation of Critical
Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational
Level at Saudi Aramco
It is recommended to the managers and employees and other
people at different positions in Saudi Aramco that they should relying on
persuasion, intelligence in order to give better results to the organization. People
at the higher ranks need to use reasonableness, charisma leadership goals so
that there could be gentle persuasion in organizational settings under the legitimate
and other powers.
It is important to raise the efficiency of communication
systems because they are actually the bridges between authorities and
employees. An effective communication system can help a lot in improving work
performance and results.
At Saudi Aramco, the workplace atmosphere should value the
perception of a worker. If a major decision is being planned then involvement
of employees is also necessary and there should be a power to accept
disagreement.
It is important for the corporation to overview the
initiative, interest, and the degree of involvement from time to time as it
plays an integral role in gauging the performance of employees.
Before a major change or an initiative, the very first thing
to rely on must be nothing but planning and strategizing. There should be
flexibility which can allow minor changes in the strategy when deemed suitable.
For raising the overall work performance, a track of work
completed should be taken along with control measures. Both are significant
when it comes to raising the efficiency of a corporation.
At Saudi Aramco, efficiency and productivity of the project should be noted properly as it not only gives the feedback about the project but the performance of workers as well.
References of Critical Evaluation of Legitimate Powers Associated with The Different Organizational Level at Saudi Aramco
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Beetham, D. (2013). The Legitimation of Power. Macmillan
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D. (2006). Research in Practice: Applied Methods for the Social Sciences. Juta
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Brannen, J. (2017). Mixing Methods: Qualitative and
Quantitative Research. Taylor & Francis.
Dollard, M. F., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Psychosocial
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