Purpose statement of Resistive Circuit Measurement

The circuit analysis covers the measurement of DC analysis, current flowing through the circuit, and voltage.  The purpose of the experiment is to evaluate the rules for current and voltage division by using Kirchhoff’s Law. The process was used to measure the current by using Digital Multi meter (DMM). The Simulation software PSpice was used to compare the results calculated by the KCL and KVL rules with the results obtained by Simulation. The process is useful for resistive circuit analysis, nodal analysis and mesh analysis of circuits. The simulation of PSpice displayed voltages at nodes of circuit and measured branch currents of the circuit. The resistor values were measured in the simulation and were used to determine voltage across each resistor by using Kirchhoff Voltage rule (KVL). The value of resistor was initially adjusted at k for numerical analysis.     

Procedure of Resistive Circuit Measurement

The preset lab report comprises of two process including Pspice simulation and analytical measurement by KCL and KVL node analysis. The comparison of two methods identified percentage error for the voltage and current in the circuit.

PSpice Procedure of Resistive Circuit Measurement

The Pspice simulation was started by producing schematics, left click on the program then start program. A blank sheet appeared for schematic of circuit (Ocw. mit. edu, 2018).

The front end program initiated for the direct interface with the user. The schematic was used to draw and simulate the circuit. Probe that is PSpice waveform viewer was used to analyze the simulation (Facultyweb. kennesaw. edu, 2018).

DC series circuit as selected to make the workspace. The schematic bar opened as draw dropdown menu and basic dialog box opened. By using VDC option the Place and Close command button was used. . 

The button “Get New Part” in the toolbar was used to make schematic. The resistors, battery and wires were dragged to the schematic sheet.

By double clicking the schematic the dialog box for the values opened and Save Attr command was used to save the values.

The connecting wires were used to connect all the components V1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5. The wires were drawn by pencil on the left terminal. The output connections were labeled by bubbles and attribute values were adjusted for Vout1. The DC series circuit was designed and modified for the measurement of current and voltages across it.

The circuit was completed by adding 5V DC voltage source and values of resistors were placed in the dialog box.

KCL and KVL node analysis of Resistive Circuit Measurement

Kirchhoff’s laws were used to analyze the node and meshes of circuit. The simultaneous equations were solved to determine the operating characteristics of the circuit. The schematic application of the KCL and KVL is obtained for the given circuit. In case of node method, the voltage is the potential difference between two points in the circuit. The KVL method is used for two nodes in the circuit. In case of node 1 the reference node becomes at ground voltage and node voltage was labeled as V1, V2, V3.

KCL at node 2

So, the equation becomes as

Now writing the equations in the matrix form gives

Solving the matrix gives

Now using the Ohms law or current in the circuit gives

The node current and voltage are measured by arithmetic process and simultaneous equations were solved.   

Results of Resistive Circuit Measurement

As R3 and R4 are parallel resistors and becomes

Measuring voltage across R1 and R2 

Figure 1: Resistance Vs. Voltage for simulated and measured values

 Figure 2: Resistance Vs. Voltage for simulated and measured values

Discussion on Resistive Circuit Measurement

In the present work, the difference between current and voltage measured by PSpice and analytical methods was calculated. The negligible difference was observed in the simulated and measured values. KCL and KVL rules were used to determine the voltage passing through each resistance. The measured voltage values from the KVL method were approximately equal to simulated values. The step by step process was based on the calculation through equations. The input voltage was 5 volts and due to voltage drop across each resistance the value of voltage decreased at both nodes. The graphical representation shows difference between simulated values and experimentally measured values. The results of both methods were in tolerable difference, the difference can be due to environmental factor or heat dissipation in the resistances. The method can be used for the further analysis of circuit and in future the analysis of circuit for voltage and current can be compared or PSpice process and LTSpice method. The accurate results can be used for the design configuration of electronic appliances or complex circuits in devices.     

References of Resistive Circuit Measurement

Facultyweb. kennesaw. edu. (2018). EE 2301 Circuit Analysis I . Retrieved from facultyweb.kennesaw.edu: http://facultyweb.kennesaw.edu/tfallon/ee2301/EE_2301_LabGuide.pdf

Ocw. mit. edu. (2018). Circuit Analysis using the Node and Mesh Methods . Retrieved from ocw.mit.edu: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-071j-introduction-to-electronics-signals-and-measurement-spring-2006/lecture-notes/nodal_mesh_methd.pdf