World is moving
towards globalization and economic growth is crucial part to develop a nation
and for advance progressing. Our economic depends on our financial assets and
we are moving rapidly towards developing countries. Financial strategy is very
important thing, must be cater initially for the developing countries, and must
take proactive steps like hiring professional and skilled persons who have
strong analytical skills and problem solving skills. When we use the word
“emerging economics” it means that we are lacking in some critical fields of
our country like by changing electricity cost, increasing GST from 16 percent
to 17 percent, poor marketing staff and incompetent people in our departments.
So, we need to address all these kind of issues on high priority and develop a
good framework in which all departments work loyalty and investigate where we
are lacking and improve those weak areas to get the desire goals for a nation
(Bagautdinova B.G., Sarkin A.V, 2014).
First of all, hiring
process needs to improvement because when a good and skilled resource is hire
then that department grows and produces money which invest to any economic
growth like by investing in energy section. By this way, we can produce more
energy and can give subsidy to our nation by consuming energy units or we can
also give that energy to our neighbor countries and make a good procedure for
earning in this way. So, this the responsibility of skilled and efficient
people, who should prepare some strategies to address financial issues and
provide a solution to resolve these issues (Field, D., Rastogi, V., Rich, N.,
2013).
After
implementation of strategy to address financial issues, there is a need to
start process of investment and get funds so that we can initiate as step
towards our goals which we set for our nation. The researchers think that this
kind of emerging economics and to develop a country, is not impacting on any
nation. India has grown its economic strategy by investing funds and
ultimately, India bank got a lot of improvement in 2008 and stabilized its
nation. They invested money in every sector of India and started to earn more
money in this way and their capital structure got change within few years. Now
they have own energy sectors, improving a lot in IT infrastructure, have secure
firewalls for cyber security and many more(Bagautdinova B.G., Sarkin A.V, 2014).
As per saying by
Delcoure, we can see changes in economies in Russia and Poland where GDP ratio
is below 3 percent and in some countries it is lower in developed countries,
which need an attention, and to grow we must work hard for our nation. When we
talk about economic market of Chine, we see that they develop their country
very fast and they improved in every sector like IT infrastructure, socialism,
import and export business, networking, cyber issues, health, medicines,
hospitals, schools and many more. And some American companies have low tax
benefits than us according to Cspedes, Gonzlez and Molina. When any nation
progress towards their goals, there must be accountability sector who monitor
all developing tasks and do audits on daily basis so that no one can think
about corruption and by following this approach we can succeed within few years
and make our country more economical(Bagautdinova B.G., Sarkin A.V, 2014).
Whenever you start
any business, must hire an analysis who analysis your business requirements and
provide you a successful path towards your goal. India bank does not have good
analysts in their banks and also their information system is not accurate as
per saying by (Rajagopal, 2011). So, emerging economics have a different links
between profit and debt. In profit, you grow your economy and gets new
opportunities by improving economy and in debt, you lost your business and
cannot grow your economy. We can simply focused on some economic growing
features like by improving capital, proving good financial strategy, reducing
any concerns of those people who invest money in our developing country and by
solving shareholder’s issues. Investors’ plays an important role for any
developing country because they invest their money and do business with local
and international clients and pay lot of tax to the government so that they can
work easily and government can provide them security of their assets. To work
on any developing country is seems like tough because some experts says that
planning and future prediction is not possible for those who are under
developing countries. And these kind countries have bad impact of other
financial market and might be they can raise a risk for other who are already
developed countries (Field, D., Rastogi, V., Rich, N., 2013).
The financial
strategy plays an important role to achieve such targets for developing
countries. They should increase their businesses by getting more clients local
/ international, improving IT sector and many more. Corporate strategy should
be part of following: Country who faced the financial crises after 2008, they
prepared a strategy to improve and maintain the structural-quality for their
nation’s economy and resolve all issues which comes to implement financial
strategy, and to achieve this we need:
Strategy to make financial
decisions, which focus to deliver tasks on time
Financial strategy
should predict the future crises, which can be occurred in economic growth, and
we need to cater them first in the developing phase.
To determine any
new tools and techniques is the responsibility of financial strategy, which
closely works with development team and provides them new ideas.
We have listed down
some key features of emerging markets to prepare the financial strategy in
below Table 1.
Key problems which
we faced to create financial strategy in emerging markets
Stage
characteristics
|
Typical key
issues of companies to create financial strategy in emerging markets
|
Stage
characteristics
|
Typical key
issues of companies to create financial strategy in emerging markets
|
|
- We do not
establish good relation due to lacking between general and operational team
who create financial strategy;
|
|
- We do not
establish good relation due to lacking between general and operational team
who create financial strategy;
|
Defining the
strategy period
|
- Corporate
strategy must be correlated and fulfil all terms of the financial strategy;
|
Defining the
strategy period
|
- Corporate
strategy must be correlated and fulfil all terms of the financial strategy;
|
|
- Strategic
planning is not being followed to proceed for the current financial
management;
|
|
- Strategic
planning is not being followed to proceed for the current financial
management;
|
Formation of
strategic financial goals
|
- Goals are not
aligned properly to achieve strategic standards;
|
Formation of
strategic financial goals
|
- Goals are not
aligned properly to achieve strategic standards;
|
We have identified some major problems
which faced to develop financial strategy, these are most important issues in
any emerging markets during implementation of financial strategies. But we
discuss some more issues like:
Staff was not
skilled and its management also not suitable for this post and they did not
accept any new change. They create hurdles to implement financial strategy,
don’t have knowledge of strategic objectives, and lacking in their professional
skills (Chakraborty, I, 2010).
Financial
strategies are implemented in phases and due to this, companies of emerging
markets was not confident and those who created financial strategies, should
provide them confidence and give them surety about their business and money.
Conflict arises in
everywhere, so people who have authority to control all the things they damage
of its strategic development and economic growth becomes unstable.
They focused on the
short-term company goals, they should consider long-term goals so that they can
flourish in their economic growth.
To achieve greater
capitalization, we must provide a ground to investors so that they can invest
money securely and generate more income for their nation and become a part of
developing countries.
International Business Strategy of Finance of An
Institution-Based View of The International Business Strategy of Finance, A
Focus on Emerging Economies
The company
specifics are the major factor in finding the solution of the problem because
the strengths and the weaknesses of the company have a considerable impact on
it. However to increase the competitive condition of the organization in the
developing markets specific universal strategies can be used this strategic
phase will influence the capitalization of the organization in a positive way.
In the perspective of such models there are two solutions available that are:
partially compensate the issues or else simultaneously or moderately mitigate
the issues in the financial strategy at the stage of expansion (Chen, J., 2004).
On the other hand
it cannot be denied that in the developing market to overcome the above
problems completely of construction of financial policy a proper comprehensive
work is required. According to financial strategies classical model which is
considered as the matrix of I. Romance and J. Franshon shows the ratio of
opportunities for the organization to investments and also describes obtainable
the financing debts in the natural progression of the organization. By the high
school matrix of financial management it imitates the rate of the ratio of
maintainable development of the organization and reflects the process of
creation of value in the long-term (Chase-Dunn, C., 2002).
There are two
options in matrix which fluctuate from one to the next not only in nature but
also in purposes and usages. One option is to conduct research on econometric,
and the second is the normative description standards under the aegis of its
paradigms. In further explanation, there are two options which are usually
suggested or referred in order to make up matrix. First is to conduct
econometric research and label of the paradigms which possess the normative
values of matrix (Chase-Dunn, C., 2002).
These paradigms and values are dealt with special reference to certain
theories and reasons. The pivotal aim of the reasons, justifications or
theories is to induce and escalate companies’ distribution via quadrants.
Another mechanism that is usually adopted is to compare the distribution with
the distribution of the companies which are in fact considered as competitors
in the same field in market. This strategy was devised and experienced by a
Russian company (Figure 1). It is possible to develop the structure of an
optimal capital but only for the specific organizations. The suggestions for
several universal capital structures are not based on reality. In the same way
the use of financial strategy model is just for the sake there is an individual
methodology for each of the organization and the aptitude and skills for the
optimal capital structure model (Nurieva A.R., Gibadullin M.Z., Fazlieva E.P,
2014) .
There
are some statistical figures in previous years which in fact reveals favorable
position and deplorable position of multiple companies in the market. 17
companies were in stable condition in the year of 2007 and 2008. The
statistical figures remain changed to the next years because of multiple
factors. Only 8 companies in 2009 were in better position. However, in 2010,
only 10 companies were enlisted in the category of well-established companies
that retain not only their status by gaining it but also bolster their growth
and production through multiple ways. In
the year of 2011, only 9 companies were enlisted, and 10 companies were
entitled with well-running companies in 2012. If the comparison is done with
each and every company which have been enlisted as in better position, average
rate, production rate, distribution with special reference to probable matrix,
the emerging and clouding marketing environment matters on the overall
situation of the aforementioned companies (Cspedes, J., Gonzlez, M.,Molina,
2010).
2009 was termed as
the most deadly span of time in the Russian marketing history in which
devastating decline and stalled growth were noticed on huge scale that shook
the tectonic plates of the market in terms of production and such other related
things. The year is also termed as the
financial and marketing crisis in multiple dimensions. It also put its impacts
on the global economic crisis (Cspedes, J., Gonzlez, M.,Molina, 2010).
The relationship
between divergent parameters under the sway of matrix can be considered as
indicators of standards. The adoption of matrix parameters with reference to
divergent values in order to assess qualitative evaluation of that leads to a
comprehensive and reliable findings. Competitive positions with relation to
financial management are also given pivotal and utmost attention in the whole
process of evaluation
Cost Indicators
Cost Indicators
|
MBR 1
|
MBR 2
|
Economic Value
Added
|
Take Into Account
|
On the company’s
cost the net financial leverage has negative impact.
In aspects of net
income, on the capital debt growth its impact is positive
On the shares of
all classes the dividend payments also receive positive impact.
|
On the net
balance, it has negative impact
Dividend payments
receive positive impact
|
Financial
leverage receive positive impact
Investment size
and efficiency also receives positive impact.
|
Do not Take into
Account
|
On the company’s
cost do not do take into account the investment strategy influence.
|
On the company’s
cost do not do take into account the investment strategy influence.
|
On the company’s
cost do not do take into account the dividend influence.
|
There is a
misconception that has clinched the global marketing on different levels that
financial strategy does not matter in order to make a company stable or a plan
successful. The misconception can be evaluated on the basis of the most
authentic work of two economic scientists who are Nobel Prize economist
Modigliani and Miller. These are the two internationally reputed economists who
developed their narrative differently in their research work against the
approach and myth of ‘’no matter of financial strategy in any company’s
success’’ that has been hovering for many decades on world marketing sphere.
John Kay has
produced a book with the name of ‘’the business economics’’ in 1997. The book
was best-selling in the world and it has worth in the marketing studies or
economic studies and management through different perspectives. He opines that there is a difference in
finance and corporate success. This narrative was critically analyzed by
different researchers and economists by generalizing on the world economic
sphere through different perspectives. Their counter narrative was that all
markets can never be examined under the aegis of one principle, and even all
capital markets are alike. Most of the leading world capital markets are
different in their nature, mechanism and ideology to some extent in general,
and to much extent in particular. Even, UK companies are not alike as these are
considered. Stock prices, management strategies, and financial strategies
fluctuate from one to the next market or industry (Jensen M, 1986).
On the other hand,
investors’ relation with companies either on large or small level matters. The
industries or fields are highly dependent on the investors’ attitudes and
cooperation. However, it has been noticed on different stages and levels that
investors’ attitude is more inclined toward the visible firms which are not
only well established but also providing standard based products and services.
These are more fascinating for investors. That is the reason that they are more
inclined toward the well established companies or firms for better results of
their orders. That is human nature that investors always prefer to the
companies or forums which can provide them reasonable things or products as
well as prices on the things that they want to purchase. They never accept any
pressure to compromise on their business benefits. Particularly, in the
postindustrial marketing perspective, things have been changed. Investors as
well as customers have become much vigilant about every thing that is related
to their business and customization.
In the perspective
of international cost of capital, it is usually argued that corporate
competitiveness is highly based on the respective firm. That is in fact a
dependency which can be termed as organizational, economic or capital
marketing. Foreign stock exchange is the most primary method in order to
internationalize a company or firm for betterment in the womb of time. The
stock exchange has the list of companies which are globally accepted on the
base of their performance, client friendly services and coordination with
international organizations. The fair opportunity is given to every company or
firm to show potential to make its name in the list of stock exchange companies
that bring higher profits to the companies in multiple ways. In order to get enlisted
in the stock exchange, there are certain requirements which are required to
follow at any coast by the company or firm that wants to get enlisted.
Enhancement of liquidity of shares, and show available capital of the firm or
company are the basic entrance standards which are required to adopt
(Hajrullina A.D., Romadanova O.A, 2014).
Strategic alliance
is another approach that can be used in order to internationalize the cost of
capital. Foreign industrialists and investors usually make great strides
through collective cooperation in regional or global capital market. They
formulate their groups and develop their own strategy on common concerns and
financial interests. In 1980s, and 1990s, there was a collapse of this sort of
strategy. There were a number of multi-dimensional factors which infused the
collapse and decline of the strategy. Ineffectiveness was one of them that
played a vital and devastating role in the decline. Equity issue was another
cause that is still considered as the motivational factor in the fall (Andreeva
O.V, 2014).
Oxehlheim in 1996
developed a new narrative in the field of economy. He endeavored to define a
comprehensive method and standards of internationalizing which are defined as
investors, regulators and managers. Investors always remain busy in the quest
of new ways to procure more and more interests by investing at first stage.
They always look for different profit opportunities while; regulators are those
persons who formulate policies as strategy on any plan. They always bring each
and everything under consideration. Their major aim is to rise up the status of
a company form local to regional level, and from regional to international
level (Czinkota, M., Ronkainen, I., 2007).
The third category
is of managers that is highly significant. Mangers always make efforts to toss
all sort of disadvantages away in order to let production, and growth of a
company rise. They implement the polices which are formulated by the
regulators. They play key role to uplift status and production of a company by
implementation. They wipe out economic, industrial, administrative and legal
barriers for betterment of the company. A stock is issued by companies that is
not only a source of guidance for other companies but also for preparation of
the proposals to embark on a company and excel in market. In the book,
strategies, planning, prices, stocks and other things are written briefly. Even
comparison of different competitor companies is also mentioned (Andreeva O.V,
2014).
Capital marketing
polarization is the most important issue in the field. Thus, managers perform
their duties to eradicate and stamp out the barriers which lead to the
polarization. They devised new and effective strategies and policies in which
solutions are given to address the issue in the path of betterment (Danciu, V.,
2009).
There are multiple
causes in the regard of the aforementioned detail which are as
Security markets
embargo acts, which thwart trade under the sway of regulations.
Tax regulators who
levy taxes and collect huge amount of money
Equity marketing
Different levels of
financial risks such as intolerance, debt ratio and many more
Bank dominated
markets which are being operationalized in Anglo-American market
Transaction cost is
another issue through which huge amount of money is extracted on different
economic activities which are as purchasing, selling, and trading
Hovering risk from
political elites’ interference in which governments pass restriction acts and
levy heavy taxes which pose threat to economic and marketing interests of
industrialists and investors.
The barriers are
not only related to tariffs, taxes and trades but also of political. These
issues all the time fluctuate from one era to the next. These shifts always threatened
investors in the past, and are being threatened in present, and will remain
pose threat in the womb of time. The aforementioned discussion and point, which
have been discussed, are for the betterment of market and trade by rooting out
all sort of barriers in the way of economy, trade and production sale (Ghauri,
P., Cateora, Ph., 2011).
Globalization and interdependence between countries of
An Institution-Based View of The International Business Strategy of Finance, A
Focus on Emerging Economies
other through trade
and global marketing. Economic liberal values are followed under the umbrella
of the concept that harmonized the whole world. The process of globalization
has been evolved from different phases. There is long history in which different
fields played their role in order to make the world globally integrated. Growth
and diversified process of production of products, which are used by different
countries and regions, lighten up the concept in way that is more comprehensive. ICT and transportation mechanism
revolutionized the world by making the dream of globalization practical in 19th
and 20th century. Economic mechanism, cultural harmony, production methods,
expansion of investment beyond boundaries international trade development,
international political economy, international trade development and many other
factors led to the dream of globalization being practical (INS, 2013).
Furthermore, to
evaluate the globalization some variable are found effective such the income,
foreign direct investment and trade. Moreover, the KOF Index of Globalization offers
to evaluate the globalization’s three dimensions such as politics, economy, and
social. KOF Index have registered 11 countries growth in Europe from 2010 to
2013 whereas in the same period that have exposed the decrease which can be
seen in the following figure. The following figures shows the KOF Index
globalization increase in which it can be seen that Belgium is at top with 92.3
and Ireland and Netherlands are at 2nd and 3rd number with 91.79 and 91.33
respectively. Among some other countries with prominent increase in
globalization, the Austria is there with 89.48. On the other hand in terms of
lowest value Latvia is first from bottom with KOF Index of globalization value
of 69.00 and Bulgaria and Romania have values 71.73 and 72.53 respectively
(Barney, J. B. and Zhang, S. 2009).
Source:
http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch
In the following
figure there is another Index values are shown. This index is known as the
Enabling Trade Index and it is used to represents the factors that are
prominent in the international trade goods and in this index the factors that
addressed are; border administration, operating environment, market access,
communication infrastructure and transport (Eren Erdogmus, I., Bodur, M. and
Yilmaz, C., 2010). This index shows that the as compare to the developing
countries that developed countries shows high values here. Subsequently, the
results in the following figure shows 2014 Index value in this Netherland has
the highest value which is 5.30 whereas the UK, Finland, and Sweden are the
other prominent countries with highest values that are 5.20, 5.20 and 5.10
respectively. On the other hand, the
countries that show the lowest value in this index are; Croatia, Greece,
Bulgaria and Romania that have values 4.20, 4.00, 4.00 and 3.90 respectively.
Source: The Global
Enabling Trade Report 2014, (World Economic Forum, 2014)
Under the influence of the globalization,
the world has been facing massive change such as it is helping countries to be
interdependent economically which is happening due to the country’s dependency
for various products on the other countries. Moreover, globalization has helped a large
number of companies to grow rapidly by taking advantage of the low labor and
access to the low cost products in the developing countries. Still many
multinational companies are growing with great pace under the influence of the
globalization (Acquaah, M., 2007).
Trends in
international trade of An Institution-Based View of The International Business
Strategy of Finance, A Focus on Emerging Economies
Exchange
globalization under the nation of any country is defined as the process that
exceed the boundary of production and remote exchange is related to the total
number of employments in different sectors that improve the performance of
organization in the market world. The exchange GDP is completed under the offer
which is collective capacity according to the globalization conversation about
the exchange (Baccaro, 2011).
The exchange
globalization according to the writer Chase-Dunn, is the fare of this modern
world which is paid by the GDP of each nation of every country. However, the
worldwide measurement discusses the GDP of whole world collectively which is
equal for all countries of the world. During the period of 2005 to 2012, the
cost of goods is variable which is recorded in the different countries of EU.
Moreover, the estimation of fare was high during the period of 2012 in
different countries and the highest fare was found in the Estonia, then Belgium
and in Netherlands as well as the size of fare was low in different countries
like France, Greece and in Italy. Furthermore, the imports and initiatives of
goods were recorded in different ways in EU having GDP of nation at high rate
as some countries have high fare like Netherlands, Estonia and in Belgium
whereas in some countries the fare size is decreased such as in France, Italy
and Spain which is changed every year.
Source: created
based on data from World Development Indicators (2014), http://databank.worldbank.org
According to the
source, it is found that World stock fares ascended by 2.1 percent in 2013. The
increment which is increasing mostly in Eastern Asia which is approximately 6.5
percent in this region. The process of import is lengthy in the different regions
of Asia like Eastern Asia and in Western Africa which is approximately 6.2
percent and 8.6 percent. According to writer, the fare is reduced in different
regions of Asia like in Oceania, Asia and in North Africa (UNCTAD, 2014; WTO,
2013).
As per Eurostat, the amount among fares and
introductions in the EU28, add up to - all items enlisted a motivation under
1.0 in the period 2005-2012, anywhere in the range of 0.8 and 0.9, in 2013 the
estimate of the amount being 1.0. In the EU, the offer of nationwide imports in
world introductions, add up to - all items extended from an approximation of
12.5 percent in 2005 to 14.2 percent in 2013. A similar development was
enlisted for the offer of nationwide fares in world charges from 11.5 percent
in 2005 to 14.9 percent in 2013.
In the world fares
of year 2010, more than 18323billion US dollars were added as a buck whereas
the management of commercial services also added approximately more than 3345
billion dollars. According to WTO, in 2010 the fare stock of world is increased
up to 21 percent and the commercial industry’s fare is increased
approximately10 percent. It is challenging situation for the whole world to
estimate the exchange volume of china. Moreover, it is aimed that all
noteworthy additions of fares of 2010-2012 is enlisted. According to the period
of 2011 to 2012, in different countries like south and central America and in
Europe the rate of growth of fare and goods were reduced which leads towards
the loss of economy and this condition is
prevailing in different parts of the world within the same time.
The import of U.S
was advanced as compared to the other world during the period of 2010 to 2012,
as well as the universal exchange is also improved. According to the Eurostat,
during the 2005 to 2010, the exchange of country Romania is increased and on
the other hand the exchange of Romania was also reduced as the other European
nations suffered from this reduction of exchange. Moreover, the intra-EU27 in
the Romania has the similarities with some aspects with some states having high
streams, while this stream is reduced with other states.
The exchanging
accomplices of different countries like Germany, Italy and Romania considered
as the main places during the 2012 according to the offer of universal
conversation. There is huge collection of different items that is transferred
from Romania to Germany such as pictures, transport material and income,
electrical gear, hardware, metals, different materials, machines and articles.
The items and
products which is imported from Germany is traded and these items are:
machines, electrical gear, plastics, metals, different sources of transport,
synthetic material, recording devices which is transferred from one country to
another country.
Source: External
and intra-EU trade. A statistical yearbook. Data 1958 – 2010, Eurostat, 2011
Edition.
The fare of Romania
is systematic in relation with Italy for the different items and products like
different machineries, shoes, hardware, electrical gear, articles, umbrellas,
different metals, sound and images and other different resources. The products which
are imported from Italy are: different metals, electrical gear, materials and
resources, tanned skins of different animals and other related items that are
made from the skin, hardware, material resources, training, crude stow, record
sound and pictures and many other items were imported (INS, 2013).
However, rate of
growth of exchange during the period of 2005 o 2010, among the Romania and
other nations of Europe is moving towards the high rate whereas simultaneously
the pattern is also decreased of Romania with other countries. This pattern is
takes place due to the extra EU27 in which patterns of exchange was high and
this exchange pattern was decreased with some nation of world (Eurostat,
2011).
Globalization
majorly affects the low-cost, and numerous nations have changed worldwide
conversation, with outcomes, for example, the growth of streams of merchandise
and initiatives. Globalization in the exchange region can give benefits, for
example, a higher rate of fiscal development, enhanced expectations for average
comforts, and so on., yet moreover another situation may exist if not all
nations benefit similarly from globalization. In this way, for creating
nations, the compensations may identify with viewpoints that underlines
enhanced access to universal markets for the consequences of these nations,
promotions in the entrance of these nations to invention, and so forth.
4. Suggestions for
organizations and promoting system of An Institution-Based View of The
International Business Strategy of Finance, A Focus on Emerging Economies
In this modern
world, the economy is shared between organizations and people in which people
is also known as the purchaser, venders of different things as well as the
assets of cost and common assets are more capable for the development of
economy. So, it is not important to develop new market with new customers.
However, according to writer, the controls of macroeconomic are created for the
world which is the set of three main controls assortment and development regarding
to innovations. Due to this new advancement, there are two main factors of
progression and that are disrepute and trust (Rinne, 2013).
All things
cautious, with the end goal for governments to have accomplishment on long-run
of information advancements in business responsibilities; growth of a belief
system free world and the job of the market economy preparation. The borderless
markets are outcome of global sourcing and worldwide competition - which have a
noteworthy promise in changing universal indorsing into coordinated universal
showcasing with international similarities Meyer, (K.E., Estrin, S., Bhaumik,
S.K. and Peng, M.W. 2009). Eventually, governments need to go out on a limb and
go generally, and for this it is required contribution, connotation and
conspiracies, including the clients in the progression of the process, lasting
mail in systems, in learning meetings, with earners, clients, candidates;
improvement of HR through cooking, and so on. Picture of things to come is
imaginable if the mail with all partners is for all time endangered and the
vital spacing is all around performed to join all organization separations (Lewis,
K., Housden, M., 1998).
The choice of
commercial internationalization is recognized with different causes, for example,
worldwide radical unwinding process; prolonged autonomy of nationwide
frugalities harassed by the desire for world states for unity; effective
rivalry in the business world, in every physical land. Following this,
governments as of now employed overall movements and the ones chiefly creating
from Asian nations; dispersal of new progressions and key loans and their
improvement, particularly in the data and mail field; globalization of world
marketplaces as far as confusing the explicit contrasts amongst them (Pop et
al, 2011). One of the belief challenges is to fuse the forward-thinking
advances in the organizations' exercises which require huge benefits in
framework for its progress or extension (Tan, J., 2002). Administrations have
gigantic odds if valorizing the ICT (i.e. satellite frameworks, radio,
Internet, PC equipment and programming, TV, remote systems, mobiles, voice over
IP, relational interaction), openings which are challenging them to change
their dream and tasks, while contribution colossal marketplace open doors for
both extensive and little governments (Appiah-Adu, K., 1998).
At the point when
governments move overseas, the focal points presented by these choices turn
into the code terminuses. These targets that governments need to seek after
while roving to another nation are convinced by: abusing market possible and
growth; picking up scale and delay returns at expanding markets; homebased;
compelling contenders; gaining from a main marketplace. In this regards,
figuring out how to work together overseas, including new meetings and
familiarizing new abilities together with completing new multifaceted
activities; building and strengthen invigorating have great importance.
Moreover, the absorbed position; stretching or bracing item life cycles;
ground-breaking favorites; monetary satisfactory conditions; overproduction;
increasing enthusiasm for indorsing rehearses; capitalization of work force
points of interest about abilities and costs; growing the notoriety of the
group through universal image (Rugman, A.M., Nguyen, Q.T.K. and Wei, Z. 2014).
Similarly, it is vital to accentuate that for the governments working
universally, deals and gainfulness stays critical, though they are always
screen and test the growths of the candidates and distillate the clients,
gaining from them to widen and adjust to the explicit wants (Johansson,
2009).
Showcasing
measurements are not to disrespect in a group, adding to by and large business
implementation. As per Wu (2013) directors ought to donate and connection
indorsing skills and comprehend in what settings showcasing capacities are
pretty much fruitful (Financial Times, 2012). The consequences are
demonstrating that once with the monetary advancement, the endorsing capacities
turn out to be additional viable, yet at the same time their influence ends up
weaker as the directorial framework enhances (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2007) and
when the chiefs know about them they can act dependably as members in universal
business condition (Lopes, A.B., and de Alencar, R.C, 2010).
The actual meaning
of publicity is associated with the procedure of globalization which is
forcefully linked with this. According to the investigation of checking group,
the endorsing is advancement of the government as compared to the capital
conjecture. Moreover, an organization devote per year approximately up to one
trillion dollars of endorsing globally. So, it is the responsibility of
government is to develop the strong inspection to improve the efficiency.
Therefore, to find the better way for the publicity which is implemented at
occupational level (Field et al, 2013).
So, as to have the
volume to build up a fruitful group procedure, and elect adequately the
monetary plan, the endorsing arranging process should be one of the middle
components for a valid universally delay system. While the managers are focused
on the senior international managers occasionally measure the unique proof and
valorization of the upper hand and the showcasing displays (Boso, N., Cadogan,
JW, & Story, VM, 2012). Business events should be more antagonistic than
any other time in recent reminiscence to save up the group available, to make
it creative and protection the upper needles amid period. The CEO and indorsing
director can think their selections through drawing in their possessions to go
into new marketplaces or to put capitals into other associated parts, and not
make any change what is the excellent, the attention guide require toward be on
progress and development of new matters and managements (Rodnyansky D.V.,
Sadyrtdinov R. R., Zagladina E.N, 2014).
It is better for a
company to learn how to be comfortable with its environment to have better
chances at global competition. But an important question is how to do that? It
is done by understanding the external conditions to find out how to make good
choices that help in changing your models to optimum conditions that allow for
independence, variety, being flexible and take risks and to be better at public
relations with the clients. However it needs to be understand that all this is
not so simple and needs analysis of different managemential skills and methods
in addition to tackling with your services. (Reeves and Deimler, 2011). When
talking about marketing on a global scale, there are two possibilities: to
maintain a certain, fixed standard, or to change your model to adapt to the
external market. It is impossible to generalize which strategy is the best, r
which strategy would work for a certain business, so you need to see it for
yourself that what suits in a certain scenario better (Wu L. and Yue H, 2009). However,
a general rule is that when similarities are pondered upon, standard setting
and maintaining it is better, but when looking at and understanding the
differences, a better idea would to be to adapt to them. According to a
research, Ghauri and Cateora (2011), it was concluded that when talking about
scenarios that require similar type of production, standardizing is a good
idea, but adaptation is better when talking about differences in the lifestyle
(Sasu, C., 2005).
There are certain
fixed parameters for each country, in terms of its ethnicity, culture and
geography. While theoretically the values of marketing should be fixed, it
cannot be done so because of those parameters that differ country to country.
(Onkvisit and Shaw, 2004), according to Kolk and Margineantu (2009) people who
prefer the practice of a setting and maintaining a certain standard take into
account the theories of standardization and similarities of markets as well as
the responses of clients to that. Yet still, this is not the case as there are
certain parameters changing from country to country that cannot be ignored when
you want to market your product to people of that country, therefore you need
to change according to that area (Wymenga, P., Spanikova, V, 2012).
Let us have a case
study of Romania here. The conditions required for business are very stable,
but Romania is behind many other countries. Its average value in marketing is
3.9, while the world average is 4.2; and is ranked low in the marketing extent.
Why is this so? They don’t understand the importance of this way, as
demonstrated by a lack of management focus on this. In terms of our debate, we
conclude that there are certain pros for Romania to reap here. These are
creation of jobs, better business environment, better standard and less
inflation (Basu, R. R., Banerjee, P. M., & Sweeny, E. G. 2013).
Recently, many big
changes have happened as far as economy is concerned. There have been two basic
kinds of events that have changed the economical landscape. One of them is
political in nature: the fall of USSR has changed the political landscape of
the world and many centers of power have evolved (Viswanathan, M., and Rosa, J.
A. 2007),. Secondly, new advancements in ICT or information technology has
revolutionized out lifestyle and the economy as well. The world has essential
become a global village now. There have been many economic bodies in the world,
one example being the WTO and they have united the nations. All of these
changes find their root in the economic interests of a country or a firm
(Dwairi, M., Bhuian, S.N. and Jurkus, A., 2007). We can safely say that every
business is interconnected with others due to competition. A business,
therefore, needs to compete with other businesses if it has to stay in the market.
There changes need to be understood by aspiring entrepreneurs. Recent
developments in economics include that capital has become more important than
trading of goods in our economy. Similarly, productivity no longer depends upon
the number of employees. We also need to understand the effect of economics on
politics. A state-planned economic model has been abandoned in favor of a
capitalistic model. Instead of protectionism in trade, we now cooperate with
each other to further our economic interests. Rules of competition have also
been changed (Isobe, T., Makino, S. and Montgomery, D.B., 2000).
Operation of businesses in many countries of An
Institution-Based View of The International Business Strategy of Finance, A
Focus on Emerging Economies
We live in a
society in which the world has become a global village. Due to this,
globalization has happened i.e. businesses have expanded beyond one country and
have formed multinationals. The betterment of economy, due to this, depends a
lot on trading with other countries (Ofori-Dankwa, J., Julian, S. D. 2013).
Roles need to be divided in a country for better development of it. The fact
that firms exists, highlights the extent of globalized economy we have
nowadays. It matters not how big or successful that particular firm is. Many
business dealings happen at an international scale now. It has happened before
in the times after war, as liberalization happened, ensuring fewer hindrances
between international trade (Cavusgil, T., Ghauri, P., and Agarwal, M. 2002).
That means that the prices of moving goods became less as did the problems with
communication. When formulating a good business practice, we need to understand
that it is the era of globalization and we need to act accordingly to survive
in the market. The current status quo
also allows the business to expand however they like, and to ensure
optimization, as long as they do not hurt the national economy (Wu, J. 2013).
The liberal society allows more choice resulting in increase of businessmen and
businesswomen to trade on an international level. Issues relating to
globalization would be discussed in depth in this paper (Ellis, P.D., 2005).
Internationalization of business in a globalized world
economy
The development of
every country in the area of business highly depends on the vigorous
contribution in internationally organizing the work. To help increase the
global economy it is important to build strong relationship between countries
for not only purpose of trade but to develop as a whole and to make sure the
global phenomenon continues with which the economy is linked (Kriauciunas, A.,
Parmigiani, A. and Rivera-Santos, M. 2011).
1 .our world is a
global village. For trade and economy to rise up we use our resources like
human, materials and financial and put up the efforts and hard work every
nation made to prevent inaccessibility and develop strong economic circuit.
This relation where one nation tries to connect with the other, this
participation, to form a circuit leads to the result of powerful economic
progress and development (Wall Street Journal, 2006). Hence, making the world a
better place to live both spiritually and economically because this struggle
and determination lead one nation and individual to intermingle and spread the
values and culture.2 .In the field of economy, apart from participation,
structure that can help to stand up the economy is of a real importance. The
economy is no longer limited to national boundary, it has become more global
and more universal in this date. Harmony and uniformity between relationships,
subsystems, and components is a key to homogenous and consistent economy.
Following system make-up the global economy today(Douma, S., George, R. and
Kabir, R., 2006). :
The economies
of national states;
The international
organization of working class;
The system of
international economic relations;
The economic world
circuit
The mechanisms of
development of its flows (mechanism of trade, price, monetary, financial);
The system of
economies, international and national both
The economic
organizations and international bodies;
Principles, rules
and regulations of economic relations between countries
Each country’s and nation’s
economy differ from one another. The amalgamation of the economies; national
and world subsequently is determined three main factors: level of economic
development, degree of modification in the economy and adaptation of world production,
which can be different in group of countries and within the country (Radjou,
N., Prabhu, J., & Ahuja, S. 2012). The evolvement helps in uplifting the
integration process of inter-state economic relations. It improves the
synchronization and develops harmony of rules to upgrade trade advancement.
Globalization of economy meditates the growth of multilateral cooperation,
technology transfer thus possibly making financial exchange rate convenient in
international market (Li, H. and Atuahene-Gima, K., 2001).
Globalization is
defined as a process in which business starts to progress globally. Broadly, it
is a historical process, a by-product of human novelty and technological
development. It involves making of international and national linkages to bring
diversity in economic, political, social and cultural rights along with building
up relationship so strong and deep to overcome the restrictions thus making
even the problematic situations global rather than national with a solution of
economic and financial point of view. Thus it can be defined as a worldwide
movement of financial, economical, communication and trade integration (Li, J.,
Chen, D. and Shapiro, D.M., 2010).
In a report in 1997
of the International Monetary Fund Globalization is defined as, "the
phenomenon of globalization is the integration of world economy in strong
growth both with the markets for goods and services and the capital”.
Globalization can be seen in economic and social life. The economic life
aspects are: improvement in the standard of living, increased competition among
nations where as social life aspects are: increased awareness of foreign
cultures and integration among nations on different platforms (Wei, Y. S.,
Samiee, S., & Lee, R. P. 2014). Even in the field of science we see the
researches are based on global resources. Strong marketing strategies are
picked up by the companies to market globally thus promoting globalization. The
financial regulatory bodies, the banking system, the international financial
bodies, all are symbolic for world financial globalization (Manolova, T. S.,
Eunni, R. V., and Gyoshev, B. S. 2008). The communications infrastructure is
enhanced because of the technical development that has improvised the
communication system (transport), the coverage of the media world and,
specifically, the internet that has become a global network of transmitting and
receiving important information. Even the globalization has made all the wide
recognized organizations either government or nongovernment, about the current
situation of environment, climate, social and political scenarios and they try
to deliver their point of view to the world. The active participation, hence,
is important element to boost up the economy and progress of civilization
occurs with economic globalization in the 21st century (Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Tan,
J. ┽and
Liu, Y., 2008).
According to De La
Dabesa, 2008, economic globalization is,” a dynamic process of global economic
integration characterized by increasing freedom in the movement of labor,
goods, services, technology and capitals”. Globalization process gets stimulated
by the increase level of active participation, integration among countries,
relation between nations which boost the level of economic growth and
international business.
Conclusion of An Institution-Based View of The
International Business Strategy of Finance, A Focus on Emerging Economies
It is concluded
that for a nation to develop it is crucial to work strategically on increasing
the level of economic development. Such strategies should be applied which help
boost up the business and link one country or nation with the other. For the
development of meaningful and workable strategies it is important to go through
the strategic analysis in the market. In
many companies the integrated assessment in the field of financial management
is never used, the point is in order to ensure financial development;
competitive financial models and strategies to-be-act-upon are integral issues.
The implementation and harmonization of regulations of economic progress is not
practiced. In order to achieve maximum results proper strategic management need
to be made which assures the implementation of rules for the better future of
companies, countries and nations then. The assessment internal and external
helps locate the issues and give ideas to solve those issues in a strategic
manner. Study of the issues for the sake of a company to grow powerful and
stable becomes an opportunity for shaping the future of the company. Similarly
these studies help developing and testing of unique strategies and financial
models. In the hierarchy of financial globalization, financial strategy and
financial management are two important elements to boost the economy. A study
of the relationship between financial instruments and financial strategy in
context with the management to support analyze the strategic repercussion of
structural reforms and thus improving the financial level up to the mark.
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