Abstract of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

It is phenomenon in modern world for the democracies, which shows the friction among the legislative arms and friction. In the result of its specialist outcomes, the spending process is regularly a reason for critical contact between the governing body and the official of the arms. In Nigeria, the issue that calls for assurance has been the degree of forces of the lawmaking body in issues of expenditure detailing and endorsement. For quite a long time, this debate has stayed persistent and none of the meetings has brought the courage to approach the courts for its summary. This argument, by and by, has been in the front ring, bringing about over the top delay in the section of the 2016 country's Economical. At the end of the day, it is their take that the volume of the administrative arm is essentially to 'elastic stamp' the spending gauges. Lawmakers, administrators and legal counselors are separated on this issue.  This paper studies the forces and elements of the two arms of government yet more chiefly the assembly on Seizure Bills. We inspected a basic part of the debate that encompassed the deferral in the section of the 2016 Budget in view of the significance it has for future budgetary events. We contend in this article considering a genuine concern for permitting aids of exchange associations, NGOs and dissimilar partners through the open doors given by Public Reaches. It is in the bigger open interest to continue the task of the recent lawful system, which buttresses, as we would see it, the power of the National Assembly to alter the budgetary assessments accessible by the official, either maybe or on a very basic level, as the National Assembly may deliberate fit. We bolster our dispute with a summary of global performs, which differ, dependent just on threatened or lawful measures in individual countries. A concise talk on the affiliation, which exists in the two arms of rule, the causes and impact of destruction between them, are likewise measured.

Introduction of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

The State is under a lawful pledge to make a financial plan, which is a declaration of pay and use and a sign of the situation's consumption desires for the time. As a monetary technique, outlay plans convert state upgrading designs and wants into a program of movement. The person has endless necessities while assets to achieve them are rare. The outlay offers an exposed door at explanation and result inside a size of feeling drawn up and in need of on some basic morals. The utility of everything united into the fiscal backing may not truly reflect typical feeling and data, thus the spending assembly with legislative matters and power. Planning as considered in this paper will include the phases of gameness, task, performance, checking and the evaluation stage.

The meeting assumes a crucial work during the time spent running in the popularity based radical agendas of the present ecosphere. In the Westminster agenda, imposing power dwells in a generally chosen congress, made from a couple of hollows. Most present-day managements have a two-house, or two-house, governmental body: the lower community and the upper community. The lower community is commonly chosen grounded on direct representation; and the upper house generally on a premise both of roundabout depiction or of direct representation unnatural to certain word associated, regional, or innate arrangements (Schick, 2008).

Constitutions show the job of the get-together and its suggestion with the official (from this point forward "management"). Make-ups as well as spending basis laws expound on the economic jobs and powers of the main body. Sincere essentials and budgetary performs fluctuate suggestively crosswise over nations Furthermore, the job of the get together is changing with assemblies pretentious a more active job in spending materials, particularly in generating nations.
For progressing great direction and financial candor, the council's dynamic pledge in the outlay way is basic.

At the argument when financial provisions and medium-term economic goals are mocked in congress, spending procedures and approaches are "influenced" all the more normally. In any case, active support by the leading body runs the threat that fiscal punishment fragments. Exactly, in states where the council has over the top expenditure correction specialist, assembly is motivated to present whims that increase expenditure or lessen cares.

With this basis, the principle termini of this note are as follow:

To survey nation the whole thing on with respect to the usually changing jobs of assemblies in budgetary events. The emphasis is especially on OECD nation practices since the vast mainstream of these nations' assemblies have been dynamic in outlay matters for rather a though.

To recognize legislative spending means where "great" repetition can be illustrious, and in adding individual territories of legislative spending audit and commendation where it is silly to supposed to give one-measure fits-all course for all countries.

Problem statement of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

The budget plays effective role in the monetary related processes and the strategic goals are required to be obtained efficiently. The process of budget development is effected by the characteristics of parliament. The political aspects on the budgeting have effect on the goals of budget. The critical analysis includes effectiveness of parliaments on the budgeting process.   

Research questions of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

The present research is conducted to determine the role of parliament on the budget making process. The budget is prepared by the organizations to overcome the challenges and toe identify the required sectors for the improved investment. The purpose of the research was to identify the process of budget making, challenges of budgets, planning in the organization, and role of parliament on political aspects.

The questions considered in the research are mentioned below,

What are the steps and procedures to prepare the budget?

To what extent the politics of government and parliament induces impact on the goals of organization and how it helps in achieving the goals?

What are the challenges faced by the budget making process on legislative and political considerations?

What measures should be considered during the budget making process?   

How the parliamentarians deals with information and budget reporting cycles>

Research Methodology of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

The present research design was based on the arrangement of different conditions and collection of data along with the analysis of data. The research design was explanatory, descriptive, and analytical research. The quantitative analysis measured role of parliament and government policies on the process of budgeting.

The analytical research design measured challenges in the budgeting process. The quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to collect primary and secondary data. The samples were collected through a systematic process. The participants were local public and members of parliament. The data was selected though random technique of sampling.

The purposive sampling method was used to understand the complete concept of budget and how parliamentarians induces impact on the process. The questionnaire was prepared for the intensive investigations of budget contribution. The primary data was further optimized by the quantitative methods of research. The insufficient budget experts in the parliament causes serious issues to the budget preparation process. The poor administration of the government induces impact on the budget making process.         

Data collection of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

The data was collected through a systematic process including random distribution of questionnaire and interviews of well-known parliamentarians. The purposive sampling method was used in the particular research frame. The raw data was obtained by primary and secondary methods and defined characteristics of study. The self-administrated questionnaire provided responses and the relevant responses were filtered out.    

Parliamentary Budget Decision Making of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

Political mechanisms may have imposing effect on governmental spending basic management, counting: the job and connotation of political meetings; the preparation of councils (one household or two-tier). The way in which accord is originate to inside the meeting (counting approaches for relaxing differences between two cavities); the re-appointment inspiring forces that persons need to reflect the administration accountable; data irregularities between persons from the lawmaking form and of the management; unions among administration bureaucrats and managers; and (inside assembly) organization issues of governmental boards and floor doings. These impacts might be very important for all (Verwey, Lefko-Everett, Mohamed, & Zamisa, 2008).

Nevertheless, they are outdoor the extent of this note, which centers around the subjects since there are opposing jobs for, and limits on the legislative body. This tabloid does not rank alteration needs, which should be custom close fitting to the necessities of each nation's legislative suggestion in expenses matters.
The MTBF usually covers somewhere everywhere two ages past the new spending year. Even though not legitimately certified as in parliament formally accepts a law with twelve-monthly spending sums for every one of the long eras of the medium term,9 the feasting sums for every year are irrespective firm utmost points of imprisonment on total outlay, that is, they accomplish every annual or valuable expenditure plan (Marini, 2014).
Good Practice of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

Give to the governing body, concerning the draft yearly spending plan, a reasonable arrangement of full-scale monetary suspicions, ideally with sources of info, or after audit by, an autonomous body. Governments should present to parliament a MTBF, covering at any rate the up and coming three financial years. Parliament ought to either underwrite the administration's MTBF to control its thought of the proposed yearly spending plan, or embrace its own MTBF that straightforwardly spreads out the totals that the governing body consents to achieve in the years past the yearly spending plan.
The Budget as an Economic Process of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

The financial backing is a preparation, a layout, which stretches the chance to valuation toward the surface of the expenditure year. It is scheme that joins clear going through goalmouths with their related expenditures. Spacing is basic for open fund the managers since deteriorating to design is stated to design fall level. For monetary and fiscal plan, targets like growth rate, work degree, loan fee, entire national production, and so on, authorize the management and inhabitants measure financial implementation over time. As a monetary procedure, the monetary plan and preparation should be documented. It has been apropos uttered that:

Development alludes to the entire way of assembling, apportioning, supervision and control of countrywide assets. There are three principle parts of this procedure. The first is countrywide arranging, which sets the macro economic and social focuses of the nation over a considered timeframe. The second lookout finds with the task and sectoral preps of national properties with a view to rewarding the provisions of the significant number of citizens and furthermore the requests of widespread partners. The first and machinery decide the wildlife and extent of economic policy, which is the third piece of planning. Economic approach indicates to the means for raising the compulsory income and other non-income funds and the way in which they ought to be allotted with an interpretation to meeting countrywide macro-economic and social boards and purposes. That is, financial strategy mentions to all issues recognizing with the rising of open pay and supply of assets for open feasting.

The monetary plan then again is a documentation that speaks to the last result of development. In this means a completed article simply represents in measurable (monetary) rapports the properties, which a separate overtone expects to devote or focus on dissimilar movements inside a given monetary cycle, and the compensations logical from the cost.
Expenditure plans are tools of actualizing management approach, especially fiscal and social activities. These tactics effect on the lives of people, the expansion and execution of open and secluded partition relations. Spending strategies thusly give a guide organizing monetary positioning by subsections and people in the budget.
The Budget as a Human Rights Process of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

The budget could also be understood as a human rights procedure defining the steps to be busy for the respect, defense, promotion and self-actualization of rights. Privileges and liberties most times need economic outlays to promise that they do not continue dry cultures on parchment. Even in the new era of the progressing back of the public where management says its role as that of an organizer that sets the enabling setting for the secluded sector to do the real provision of facilities, resources are still wanted to assurance the empowering setting.

For the three important duties of the national in human rights jurisprudence, the duty to admiration many at times may not need the deployment of capitals. But the duty to protect persons and groups from violations by third festivities will require some level of regulating work that will essential the deployment of capitals. Laws, values and policies must be passed and enforced. The duty to achieve clearly includes the placement of capitals that will be wanted for applied actions to content human rights.

The Budget as a Political Process

The budget can be understood as a tool of political choice making in allocating capitals to achieve party-political ends. The main actors in the planning process and the decisive authorities are mainly elected politicians who are emotional by leadership choices. Thus, the next quotation is apt “.

 The national budget is a picture in monetary terms of administrative activity. If government is stared in part as battle over which favorites shall prevail in the willpower of national policy, then the cheap records the result of that fight. If one looks at government as a procedure by which the administration mobiliser resources to meet persistent glitches, then the cheap is a focus of these labors (Lienert & Yaker, Reforming Cheap System Laws, 2010).

The budget can also be discussing as:

The statement of the spending favorites of the government spoken in monetary footings and subject to the restraints imposed by the setting representative how the obtainable resources may remain utilized to achieve whatsoever the leading individuals within the party-political management agree to be administration priorities.

A cheap is the most powerful financial policy instrument of administration and as such, a energetic transformational instrument.  It is typically made through a suggestion sent in the form of a bill by the decision-making to the government. When approved by the government, it is signed into law by the head of the policymaking arm as an Assumption Act or Law.  As a party-political process, a cheap reflects the dominant political economy model assumed by the guidance of a state.

Guiding Laws and Objectives

A plethora of laws, rules and outlines guide and regulate the planning process. These laws seek to describe the compasses of the dissimilar actors in the decision-making and parliament, the timing of certain acts and the power of mistake and accountability to account for public money organization.

The laws and lesser lawmaking include the Composition, the Money (Control and Organization) Act, the Fiscal Accountability Act, the Seizure Acts, Financial Rules, etc. Wealth circulars made by the Money Priest or the headquarters of the Accountant Universal also guide planning activities in the decision-making arm. Basically, the Structure entrenches the belief of checks and poises and appoints the government the supervisor and watchdog of public moneys. The powers of the government comprise pre-appropriation switch, control of real expenditure and post seizure control (Shah, 2007).

In a perfect world, the training is for a Call Circular to ask for spending proposition from MDAs as per the expressed rules and general targets of the administration found in the MTSS and MTEF. The Call Circular is typically joined by example structures to be finished and by a period table for spending discourses showing the dates dispensed for MDAs. The Call Circular frameworks the agent financial strategy of the Federal Government including its core values destinations instruments targets and large scale monetary strategies. The Call Circular likewise outfits the MDAs with rules for readiness of the financial plan and stresses the reasonable roofs to the particular by and large expenditure.

The Revenue Projections that would educate the consumption gauges are additionally included to empower the MDAs to make returns on incomes collectible by them as expenses charges demands etc. The Call Circular additionally evokes data identifying with repetitive and capital use projections.

At the point when the proposition from the different services and offices have been gotten they are grouped and appropriated among the timetable officers in Budget Office for examination and synopsis presentation. Thereafter the Budget Office welcomes the services and organizations to safeguard their proposals.

The proposition are accumulated and passed on to the Minister of Finance currently Minister of Budget and National Planning who will orchestrate a gathering with the other Ministers. Thereafter the Minister of Finance briefs the President, before the financial backing is exhibited to the Federal Executive Council. It is after the selection by the Federal Executive Council that the President displays the monetary allowance to the National Assembly.

Spending inception and definition is the establishment of viable budgeting. It is by then that all program undertakings and exercises going into the financial backing ought to be displayed. Since the Constitution and different laws did not make any distinct arrangement for these issues there has been a turf war between the official and the governing body prompting virtual stalemates each year. The Philips Committee prescribed a procedure for spending commencement and definition in perspective of the lasting official authoritative fight.

Assurance by the National Assembly on the proposal of the President depends on the counsel of the National Economic Council of the passable total government use and of the center revenue. Determination by the President of sectoral rate designations dependent on Federal Government need scale and sanctioned by the National Assembly. Spending Office of the Federation to total every single current risk and existing money related responsibilities, which extend past the current financial year and make full arrangements for one year from now duties in the following spending plan. Spending Office of the Federation to appraise by and large Federal Government held income for the coming financial year

The Limits of Legislative Power in Appropriations

Obviously, S.81 (1) saves the intensity of spending readiness to the executive. But such power left altogether with the official arm of government has prompted pointless contact between the official and administrative arms of government since the coming of common standard in 1999.This may have educated the community soul ensured in the FRA.

The assembly has constantly changed (most occasions and expansion) the official proposition and the President dependably declines to consent to the bills in light of the fact that they are considerably not quite the same as the recommendations sent. In a few years there has been an authoritative abrogate of the President veto prompting the President reluctantly actualizing the financial plan or leaving numerous parts of it unimplemented.

Past spending commencement and readiness saved by the Constitution to the official, what is the job of lawmaking body in the spending endorsement process? The council's job is normally dictated by law, political culture and custom, sufficiency of time to consider and make contributions to the financial backing, access to data and different assets, popular sentiment, and so forth. In any case, the law is the most powerful and critical of every one of these contemplations. Models from different wards are informative for us to audit our laws and land at a nuanced end

The Namibian Constitution in article 126, segment 7 necessitates that the fund serve present the yearly spending plan to the governing body, which, thusly is commanded to "consider such gauges and pass compatible thereto such Appropriation Acts as are as its would see it important to meet the budgetary prerequisites of the state now and again".

The Malawi Constitution successfully forbids the council from considering any bill or revision for the burden of any charge upon the Consolidated Revenue Fund or any change of such charge except if the proposal originates from the administration. This successfully precludes changes to the back priest's financial plan.

The Constitution of Ghana precludes the burden of a charge on the Consolidate Fund of Ghana or the adjustment of any such charge generally than by reduction. The 1996 South African constitution engages the governing body to offer revisions to the official spending plan yet the council must give the method to practice this power under a system law.

The Polish House of Representatives under the 1997 Constitution has expansive forces to increment or decline spending and incomes in the official's financial plan. The main impediment is that the progressions may not expand the spending shortage or reduction the surplus proposed by the official. The revisions must contain a relating increment in incomes. In Sweden, the Spring Budget Bill displayed on April 15 contains the administration's proposition for total in general spending and incomes for the coming year and the accompanying two years.

The governing body has forces to correct this bill without confinement however once passed, the total numbers turn out to be lawfully authoritative and the real spending evaluation to be introduced on September 20 to the lawmaking body will not surpass the total affirmed.

South Korea's assembly can lessen spending however should look for the official's endorsement to expand the financial plan. Between Parliamentary Union individuals' rights in budgetary issues demonstrate that out of an aggregate of 82 reviewed nations, 32 may increment and diminish use and income. Moreover, 17 may lessen yet not expand use; 4 may decrease use but rather just increment it with consent of the official. Moreover, 13 may increment or diminish consumption if elective arrangements are made somewhere else; for 15 nations, the rights were not determined in detail and 1 was ordered in the not pertinent classification.

The United States of America encounter inclines towards a solid administrative job and an expert spending office. The form of the training is as per the following: The United States Congress makes an extensive piece of the country's spending itself. In the U.S, administrative official branch pressures are intentionally implanted simultaneously (Verwey, Lefko-Everett, Mohamed, & Zamisa, 2008). Boards assume a noteworthy job in the spending procedure and corrections offered by individual individuals, both larger part and resistance, are regularly offered and received by subcommittees and councils, and in the entire (Verwey, Lefko-Everett, Mohamed, & Zamisa, 2008).

Every February, the President presents his spending proposition. Congress makes no formal move on it, regarding it as warning. Rather, Congress takes part in an eight-month procedure of setting up its own spending structure and after that carefully considers the details of spending for every administration division and organization (Verwey, Lefko-Everett, Mohamed, & Zamisa, 2008).

In contrast to other parliamentary frameworks, in the U.S the second chamber, the Senate assumes a corresponding job in deciding spending levels. House and Senate boards of trustees, with exhortation from the sectoral advisory groups, consent to a coupling spending top, which is endorsed by the two chambers and does not require the President's endorsement. This general spending top is alluded to the proper boards of trustees, which isolate it among topic subcommittees.

There have been contentions about the forces of the assembly in regard of the Appropriation bill laid before it. The Constitution anyway shows up somewhat quiet regarding the matter in spite of the way that it requires administrative endorsement for the withdrawal of monies from the Consolidated Revenue Fund and the consumption of open assets.

A school of thought holds that the lawmaking body can diminish however not expand the aggregate sum of the financial plan on the grounds that an expansion shares of the idea of commencement as respects the overabundance sum far beyond the aggregate figures in the apportionment bill. Be that as it may, this school of thought has not given responses to circumstances where the official pass up a major opportunity appropriating fundamental uses, for example, staff to a MDA or under-evaluating them. Regardless of whether the official excluded or under-assessed this in mistake; should the governing body not right same? Would it be a good idea for it to just elastic stamp? This situation has come up a few times since 1999.

Another school of thought holds the view that the governing body is at freedom to alter, which means that expanding or lessening the official spending need recommendations. Since what is laid before the governing body is a proposition in type of a charge, it is as yet subject to express and inalienable administrative forces and these forces don't in any capacity suggest the entry of a bill precisely in the frame introduced (Verwey, Lefko-Everett, Mohamed, & Zamisa, 2008). Likewise, the assembly isn't required to be an insignificant elastic stamp for the solicitations of the official. It is in a situation to examine, make inputs, make sensible augmentations and subtractions from the head by head uses. In any case, should this school of thought give defense to augmentations and new undertakings that have no connections with strategy needs? Clearly, the appropriate response is in the negative (Verwey, Lefko-Everett, Mohamed, & Zamisa, 2008).

Notwithstanding, it should be expressed that there are no chosen cases from the Court of Appeal or Supreme Court on this issue however the above are extrapolations from scholarly sentiment dependent on what is viewed as the common practice in other comparative purviews. There is nothing anyway of the substance of the protected arrangements either supporting or objecting to these scholarly sentiments. Be that as it may, a more practical and amicable position is for the official to work together with the council amid the spending inception stage in order to decrease the regions of erosion between the two arms of government.

It has likewise been suggested that an Inter-Branch Budget Committee including the three arms of government would be an undeniably more satisfactory course of action for the harmonization of independently started allocation recommendations than abandoning it to one part of government to do the harmonization alone.

Party and National Loyalty of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

Elections play an important role in any country to select a new government by voting them and when a new government wins their elections and comes into the parliaments, they represent to the whole nation. After making government, administration departments’ takes responsibility to assign selected people of parliaments to their relevant fields like assign ministry roles etc (Verwey, Lefko-Everett, Mohamed, & Zamisa, 2008).

They implement new strategies and policies for their people so that they can find new opportunities in new government and by opening new job vacancies, they can win economic fight issues which almost arises after making new government. Administration people prepare budget for the financial year (fiscal year) to their nation and provide benefits like by reducing cost of GST on some goods, giving subsidy on Local / International travels, giving funds to farmers so that funds can be helpful in fertilization and by reducing electricity unit cost. In the U.S. State of Massachusetts, they have implemented a new rule like if any part of the budget has issues by opposition members they can reconsider this part of budget and make changes if feasible. They can reopen budget at any time during fiscal year and by doing this, admin departments will be more responsible and accountable to the selected government. (Khagram, Fung, & Renzio, 2013).

When the new budget is prepared and ready for review then elected members of opposition have rights to give their suggestions to prepare new policies and strategies for their nation. They criticize on the subjected budget and their wish to reject this budget and bring a budget, which they (opposition) wants. The week points of this budget get highlighted during review and it will be finalized by the consent of both parties (government and opposition). Government of Nigeria should take responsibility to accept the week areas and provide the solution to fix these week areas in their country.

 Week areas could be, improve education system, provide jobs to new nation, secure their nation form external threats, and by improving defense system. Nigerian government should take charge against corrupt agents and give them punishment so that no one can do it again. It’s the responsibility of government to take care of those votes which they got in their elections and won the election campaign. When corruption gets end form any country then that country is getting their confidence, which unfortunately were lost by the prior government. Admin departments like Election Commission Office, they prepare voting papers and all districts provided their family details that how many people or family members lived in their home and according to this election, commission enters voter’s data into their system.

Overseas people become useful to generate more income for any nation like they earn money in Dollars or Pounds and send that money to their families. Government and Admin departments sit together and to make policies and this is the most powerful mutual consent to improve current strategies and bring a plan to implement them within country.

To achieve a target or goal, commitment is very crucial because if you do not achieve your goal within specified time limit then you lost your confidence and this will create trouble for upcoming elections. In our country, many elected politicians give preference to their party first and do not care of the other people, these kind of people are not good for their nation and do wrong acts like killing, snatching, corruption and many more.

While some politicians are patriotic and do good acts like give relief to their nations, improve education, and by reducing GST cost from goods. When you join any political party you must obey some rules and regulations of that party and they cannot speak or give any negative statement against their party. In other words, they have to take care of party discipline and if not anyone follows party rules, he/she will get punishment according to the party principles.

Loyalty does impact on any political party and if someone found guilty then investigations gets started and party committee may ask some questions like why you did this and initiated ant-party activities in South Africa. They also bear pressure, which comes from their seniors in political life. According to a deputy speaker in South Africa: “Parliament members should have the ability to resolve their relevant department’s issues and concerns and do not disturb the parliament’s environment”. Oppositions distract the government while they do their job because they want to hide disloyalty, which they did during their governmental period.

Government and opposition if work together and understands the needs of their nation’s then diversity will be overcome and they will represent as a one nation according to the Former President Jonathan of Nigeria. These policies also influence previous policies as they did not apply them and even did not think about it. Government policies should be ideal for prior political parties and these policies should work for their nation within their elected time of period.(Lienert, 2010).

Oversight Functions of the Legislature of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

The rules which any government makes for their nation, must be fulfil and during the preparation of these rules, people consent and wishes must be addressed. So that nation can see the true meaning of democracy which shows the power of current government and nobody can interfere in their policies. Government should produce the formal institution of democracy and created people oriented platform where they can raise their concerns and government agents should look into these issues and provide solutions.

They also assure that not all social platforms are speaking negative against legislative and funds, which are collected, form any campaign, is spending on the right place. Legislative collect the data of those who participate in the election campaigns and investigate their funds like from which resources they get these funds.

 Administrator activities must be controlled and should examine after certain period. Legislators should work accurately according to the new rules and policies. It’s upon the legislators to cater all law-abiding rules in constitution and make changes with the consent of both parties. Executive members should not do any mistake while doing their duties for the nation. The executive leaders are also responsible for structural changes within the country if feasible for the nation.

This is very common to have any error or mistake in their legislators and to overcome this, we must review their policies, which they have prepared and monitor their activities so that oversight may be overcome. Nigeria, which have lot of legislative issues, is now taking under consideration to this issue.(Lee, Johnson, & Joyce, 2013).

Law making procedure is very critical because oversight could be occurred in that phase. When you become the part of legislative system, you ensure that all the points to making this law, could be implemented and functional or that can fulfill all needs and requirements of four nation. Legislative arms are also helpful in the elections; they improve their institutions and manage admin related activities. Legislative oversight plays an important role to promote for their nation’s values and beliefs.

Politicians want to retain their political seats in his party and they do not care about government policies and procedures because their life depends on political seats which they won in elections. Legislators often face election issues; funds, which they get, form political parties and many more.

Government also avoids starting any process of inspection of their era because they did lot of wrong acts as well as good deeds. That is why they do not want their actions could display to their public. Life become more difficult for these kind of politicians and they cloud not survive for the long time in future. Inquiry committees they faced and media also highlight them. They also do not participate in any debate process on social media and their life become vain if they do corruption.

Legislative committees are responsible to track government policies and procedures either they are going as per policy or not. Government also does not cooperate with the legislators to precede their job because they do not cooperate with them. The newly joined government want to demolished prior parties’ policies and want to implement their own decisions and assign their own agents in different departments of executive (Verwey, Lefko-Everett, Mohamed, & Zamisa, 2008).

Legislative focuses on the critical areas, which are not being followed by executive people of Nigerian. National Assembly highlights this that when they preceded accountability against executives then they are not focusing on party principals. Opposition makes conversions with government agents regarding laws that should apply on legislative while doing their work. Legislative held Audit committee and analyze that government departments are not working according to the policies and procedures. Many politicians have illegal black money in their accounts which they did not mentioned while filing tax return.. However, the factor of oversight could not reduce after putting utmost efforts.

Conclusion of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

To develop a nation and to improve your country economic, legislative and executive should work together and reside on the same page because they have same goal to serve their nation in a better way. They have to provide secure zone to their people by improving self-defense system so that no intruder can break their firewall and cannot sniff their confidential data.

There should be no conflict between these two departments’ legislative and Executive because both are mandatory for any nation and to improve wealth for the country. Whenever, there is conflict arises, we should sit together and resolve the matters with discussions instead to blaming each other. These kind of matters comes during preparation of yearly or bi annually budget, there we need to avoid to put any extra and not useable point. Legislative have rights to make changes in budget, which is done by executive team members and they an analysis of this budget at any time of financial year (fiscal year). When the budget will get approve, it should be served as a long term as per legislature in Nigeria. Although, legislative have minimal power but they are doing their job in a well manner and in the benefit of nation.

Legislators also start some projects like constitutional projects and they need to take concern of executive departments as well at the stage of MTSS and make it a part of current budget. And if their project is not accepted by any reason, then they have to submit another project for the interest of legislators. This was added in the 1999 Constitution and every legislative should need to work accordingly. Legislative should be transparent and work in an efficient manner and it will improve the power to fight against corruption and work to promoting human development.

If any project raise by legislative is not for the interest of their people then it should not be the part of annual budget. Before adding this kind of project where technical assistance is required, its requirements are not clear and it cannot add any financial interest then we should eliminate this project. Mostly Constituency projects raised by legislatives but these projects are not new now days. We require only transparency in our projects and accountability who did this project.

Good governance also plays an important role in any nation because of this economic growth gets higher ever than before. Legislative and executive should focus on transparency and by doing this budgeting process may get improve and our economic growth will get better. Constitutional democracy applies the rule of law and accountability for good governance.

Conflict does not rise in the initiation phase of any project. Nevertheless, when they come into monitoring phase then conflict may arise between legislative and executive because this is the joint meeting session held by both parties in which mutual agreement is required to accept an implement this project. If there is any controversy then Supreme Court should involve in this matter and give orders to proceed it according to laws

References of The Character of Parliament in Appreciating the Budget

Khagram, S., Fung, A., & Renzio, P. d. (2013). Open Budgets: The Political Economy of Transparency, Participation, and Accountability. Brookings Institution Press.

Lee, R. D., Johnson, R. W., & Joyce, P. G. (2013). Public Budgeting Systems. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Lienert, M. I. (2010). Role of the Legislature in Budget Processes. International Monetary Fund.

Lienert, M. I., & Yaker, I. F. (2010). Reforming Budget System Laws. International Monetary Fund.

Marini, J. A. (2014). The Politics Of Budget Control: Congress, The Presidency And Growth Of The Administrative State. Taylor & Francis.

Schick, A. (2008). The Federal Budget: Politics, Policy, Process. Brookings Institution Press.

Shah, A. (2007). Budgeting and Budgetary Institutions. World Bank Publications.

Stapenhurst, R. (2008). Legislative Oversight and Budgeting: A World Perspective. World Bank Publications.

Verwey, L., Lefko-Everett, K., Mohamed, A., & Zamisa, M. (2008). Parliament, the Budget and Poverty in South Africa. A Shift in Power: A Shift in Power. African Books Collective.