Please define the definition of power from our discussions during the lecture.

1.      Please define the definition of power from our discussions during the lecture.

Ans. Power means that capability of a person to perform any task according to its authority. Power of an individual person going to recognized with three main factors; the personality attributes as it must be very attractive and a combination of liking and respect of that person. That person has enough authority to give or impose orders of decide the decisions of the organization. And third one is its expertise and reputation of competence that explain that in the organization of different areas how much its expertise are helpful for the growth and development. So it can be said that power means a series of activities that are expected and accepted so power consider as authority. Power considers a force that change the behavior of other person exerted from one person. Power is just as the capability of a perso0n who as a social actor control the resistance to achieve the desired objective.

So in simple words, in organization power means a person have complete authority to perform the task according to its personal directions because its expertise are very high and organization believes that his experienceprovide benefit to organization and he properly guide the people and its personality have such traits that every one agree with its statements and ready to follow its directions. So power means a capability of performing any activity with the willingness and support of other people who are happy to work under his instructions. So power makes the person strong and responsible and he has to provide accurate path to accomplish the task and achieve its targets. Because authority gives more responsibility and he have to work for achieving the targets and objectives of the organization with the coordination of other employees that provide their services and follow its instructions.

2.      Explain under what circumstances people become powerful and powerless.

Ans. The concept of power useful in the analysis of empirical of mechanisms of social choice. It provides detail understanding of social choice in the complex system. For empirical understanding power is too board. The power of power completely depends on the requirement of predictive model and its effective usage as given concepts. The power also depends on the system where they are going to implemented. Power is also use full for short term situations that handle and take quick decisions. Powerlessness consider more complicated problem instead of possession of power in large organizations. Effectiveness happen because of power and two major capabilities are derived through effectiveness are ability to get corporation in doing what is necessary and access to information, resources, and support necessary tasks. The source of power in organization depends on three different lines; line of support, line of supply and line of information. Power going to be grown up between the relevance, recognition and discretion of the employees of the organization.

There are three levels of positions that include different problems that lead to powerlessness; top executive: they must be care full but not insulated on regularly intervals. Staff professional: not consider as part of development of management and no exchange happen of resources and no any bargain happen for the program promotions. First line supervision include determine the employee relationship with work, primary point of contract for most employees and determine enforcement rules and regulations with specified actions and resources.

The power full person in the organization can handle all the issue and utilize all the resources that are better for the growth of the organization and powerless person in the organization are those who follow the instructions and do as instructions provided to them, because they have no additional skills and expertise to do work according to their personal decisions.

3.      Compare power and politics with classical and neo classical organization theory. Why the consideration of power is important in understanding individual’s behavior in organization?

Ans. The classical and neo classical theories are very much different from each other. In classic theories of organization, old methods and procedures are going to bne implemented and their management also work with old working methodologies and neo classic theory include the process used in decision making, operation of external and internal organizational relations, the coordination needs among administrative units and the humanness of organization members. Basically, classic theory only focus on the working of the organizations to achieve their set targets and no any concern show related t their employees and no any policies and strategies are develop that provide effectiveness to all the employees. Because many scientists research that old methods of organizations have no human resource management and they only concern wit the performance and task accomplishment of the organization. In neo classic theory, many major amendments are going to happen that show a new view of organizations that support its employees, proper participation occur during decision making according to new and innovative criteria and main focus given on the relationships of organization with external and internal members of the organization. In simple words, the old methods of organization only provide benefit for earning money but neo classic theories provide better atmosphere and support all its employees and also help in better decision according to new requirements of the external members of the organization. Power show that how much a personal have authority to perform the task in most effective manner. So the behavior of the individual must be authoritative so by utilizing the power given by the organization, it can generate better results and achieve the targets in most effective manner because utilization of power is very major responsibility to achieving the targets of the organization.

4.      Explain the concept of bounded rationality.

Ans. Bounded rationality means that reemphasize the decisions and behavior of the organization that must be not consider as rational. It means that direction provided towards the organizational goals related to its accomplishment. Rational word used in modern structural organization economics and in different environment schools. The main issue is that the policies and regulations for any organization should not be rational it means that they should not determine by the single person according to its personal capabilities. The decisions making process of making targets or any other process must be determine with the support and help of all employees at executive level and its management also going to involve in all processes. Bounded rationality focus n the limitations that create a boundary for the rational process and systems and the overall system of the organization never run as rational. There are many supportive personals are present in the organization and they use their experts and skills related to different issues happen within the organization and they handle all of them with great efficiency. In short in modern structure of the organization going to eliminate the concept of rationality from the structure of the organization and make the atmosphere of the organization more supportive and loyal with its organization for the employees. Organization can never run with the direction of a single person and he never manages all the tasks of the organization. So proper support of all management with employees is very much important to make the organization more successful and power distributed among the employees according to their capabilities and skills.