Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence is referred to the intelligence of machines in which artificial intelligence is used to perform the functions of reasoning, learning, planning and problem-solving. The artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence with the machines. In the fast-growing world, the development of innovation and technology is overtaking the manual works. Many experts believe that AI could solve crises and major challenges. The artificial intelligence can be characterized in four types including reactive machines, limited memory, the theory of mind, and self-awareness. Artificial intelligence in reactive machines is used to have an automatic reaction to the situations. The best example is the IBM chess program and Deep Blue application. The machines are designed to use previous experiences to inform future ones. It works to analyze the possible alternatives for the selection of the best option. These systems have limited memory; therefore, they are used in self-driving cars and decision-making systems. In the case of the theory of mind, the AI use the beliefs, opinions, intentions, and desires. The self-awareness category has the highest and sophisticated level for artificial intelligence, and these systems have a sense of self as they have emotions, consciousness, and awareness (Yanqing, Edwards, & Dwivedi, 2019). Artificial intelligence is transforming the nature of technology connected with human life such as economy, employment, warfare, communication, ethics, privacy, security, and healthcare. The evolution in technology is leading humanity toward making the planet and life better. The use of AI in modern society has its disadvantages and advantages. The advantages associated with the use of AI in society always outweigh the disadvantages. It is important to embrace change taken by the technology in the society such as smart healthcare, smart homes, autonomous cars and the development of robots that are replacing human labour (Tyagi, 2016).

1)      Cloud Computing of Technology

Cloud computing delivers services through the internet to the number of customers. The major providers of cloud computing are Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, Amazon, and IBM. These service providers are not moving towards to adopt cloud technology with the use of various cloud services. Cloud computing is often pictured as one of the next-generation technologies. The technology is mainly web-based computing system that provides quality services to the users through the software, data, and remote servers (Qian, Luo, & Du, 2009). Similar to e-commerce, cloud computing is a vague technique that is used in many applications. The use of cloud computing eliminates the need for the complete infrastructure of hardware and software that can meet the requirements and applications of clients. To have access to cloud applications, there is a need for fast internet connection and standard internet browser. The cloud computing offers the scalable and on-demand access to the shared pool that uses resources hosted for the data centres and data providers site (Birje, Challagidad, Goudar, & Tapale, 2017).

 Three major cloud computing styles are based on Microsoft, Google, and Amazon. Cloud computing of Amazon is based on server virtualization that started storing data during 2006-2007 under the name of Amazon Web Service. Google-style is associated with a technique-specific sandbox that was initially published in 2003-2006 and it used Google App Engine. Microsoft Azure uses Windows Azure Hypervisor that offers services including SQL services and BLOB object storage. The architecture of cloud computing system can be divided into the core stack as well as management. The core stack consists of an application, platform, and resource. The computing platform and framework manage to schedule the work. It can be used to measure on-demand capability and flexible management of the whole system (Malik, 2018; Birje, Challagidad, Goudar, & Tapale, 2017).

2)      Robotic surgery of Technology

Robotic surgery is a pattern and method that is developed to perform surgery by employing small tools attached to the robotic arm. The robotic arm and the tool on it are controlled with computer and surgeon control it. Surgical robotics is one of the new technologies that hold the significant promise, robotic surgery is often heralded as a new revolution that drives the development of services and robotic devices (Brodie & Vasdev, 2018).

There is no doubt that robotic surgery is becoming one of the important tools in the surgical armamentarium. Robotic surgery has been introduced and developed over two decades and it is one of the revolutionary steps that work to improve the surgical procedure. The use of robotics is based on the improvement of medical procedures. The wide acceptance of robotic surgery is to provide efficient services through less expensive equipment. Robotic surgery has been successfully developed and implemented in healthcare units and hospitals (Dwivedi & Mahgoub, 2012).

The robots work precisely and serve highly specific workforces. The use of technology has been revolutionized and advanced and the telesurgical robots are developed to use the transcontinental surgeries. Mostly the robotic surgical system cost 0.5 million to 1.5 million dollars on the average range. The fact is that the services are proven to be profitable for the long run of society. The types of robotic surgical systems include supervisory controlled system (SCS), telesurgical, and shared control system. The recent advances in the robotic surgical evolution are development in the building blocks, da Vinci surgical system, the Raven, CyberKnife Mako Surgical corp, the Socrates system, the micro surge robotic surgery system, and Trauma Pod. The standard features of surgical instruments are improved that enhanced future applications of robotic surgical use (Lanfranco, Castellanos, Desai, & Meyers, 2004).  

References of Technology

Birje, M., Challagidad, P., Goudar, R., & Tapale, M. T. (2017). Cloud computing review: Concepts, technology, challenges and security. Cloud computing, 03(05), 01-10.

Brodie, A., & Vasdev, N. (2018). The future of robotic surgery. Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 100(01), 04-10.

Dwivedi, J., & Mahgoub, I. (2012). Robotic Surgery -A Review on Recent advances in Surgical Robotic Systems. 2012 Florida Conference on Recent Advances in Robotics, 02(04), 10-15.

Lanfranco, A., Castellanos, A., Desai, J., & Meyers, W. C. (2004). Robotic surgery - A current perspective. Annals of Surgery, 239(01), 14-21.

Malik, M. I. (2018). CLOUD COMPUTING-TECHNOLOGIES. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 09(02), 379-381.

Qian, L., Luo, Z., & Du, Y. (2009). Cloud Computing: An Overview. Cloud Computing, 01(63), 626-631.

Tyagi, A. (2016). Essay: Artificial Intelligence: Boon or Bane? SSRN Electronic Journal, 01(10), 01-10.

Yanqing, D., Edwards, J. S., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2019). Artificial intelligence for decision making in the era of Big Data–evolution, challenges and research agenda. International Journal of Information Management, 48(01), 63-71.