Introduction of Energy

Energy resources re an important part of the development of the countries and it is an important in the environment, social and political aspects and now it has become one of the most highlighted and discussed global issue. With the advancement of the technology and the emergence of industrialization in the world, the need for the energy sources has been increased with the passage of time. But the energy reserves and the amount of reserves available in very country differs, because the energy sources depend on the topography of the country. And due to this unequal distribution of the energy sources some major environmental concerns has raised, some serious political conflicts has been raised between the different countries and also the unavoidable dependency of the economy and the social issues. These conflicting situations allow people to find the alternative sources of energy for the future consumption. But these current and future conflicts of the governments and the environment will lead to a negative consequence and the countries will try to move towards the energy sources that are renewable. To restore and utilize the energy and in this aspect, the renewable energy has become an answer for the planning of the sustainable energy. (Asumadu-Sarkodie, 2016)

Sustainable development also known as the consistent development which means that without the loss of the future generations we can meet the needs of the present generation. (Ouedraogo, 2017).  In other words, sustainable development is to maintain a balance between the growth of the economy and to preserve the environment (Gaffney, 2015).By balancing both the things, we can achieve sustainable development. But when we discuss about the sustainable development and the preservation of the environment, energy is the main factor in this discussion. To meet the needs and the requirements of the people of the county in a considerable manner is called the Energy Planning (Demirtas, 2014). But energy planning decisions has other aspects as well, as it involves the process in which balancing of the social and economic aspects and the preservation of the environment and the use of the technology over the space and the time is an important factor. This balance is necessary for the survival of the nature. It was observed and estimated that the consumption of the electricity in the world will reach to an extent by the year 2020 to 24,400billion kWh. And if we want to select the important parameters of the energy sources and its consumption, the main aspects to look upon these resources are the economy and the environment, since it has been seen that 85% of the emission of the greenhouse gases are the result of the energy sources of today.

The renewable energy sources that are clean and are cost effective has become a priority but none of these energy sources alternatively can meet the demands and requirements of the world at its own (Edenhofer, 2011). So for the proper consumption of the resources, energy policies should be developed and this problem can be seen as a (MCDM) a multiple criteria decision making problem and this is a time taking and a strategic process. (ČEREŠKA, 2016) (Aziz, 2016)

In the decision making process different factors are considered like the qualitative and the quantitative factors. As we find difficulty and complexity while making any decision, this difficulty has become a major problem for the decision makers while they take decisions to find an alternative solution for the problems to fulfill the needs of the present generation. But when the energy evaluation process is conducted, it must deal with the difficult characteristics and attributes to define and also the components of the nature including both the factor, qualitative and the quantitative. (Using Analytical Hierarchy Process to improve human performance: An application of multipe criteria decision making., 2014) These evaluation should overcome the problems related to the economy, environment and the technology because these things are not identifiable easily and also has to overcome the socio-economic problems that has affected various groups of the interests and the stakeholders that are needed. To view and solve the difficulties, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to define the difficult assessment procedures. (Aziz, 2016)

Some criteria in the MCDM is set for the evaluation of the energy issues. These criteria’s are the economical investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, fuel cost, net present value, payback period, service life, equivalent annual cost, etc.); technical (efficiency, primary energy ratio, safety, reliability, maturity, etc.); environmental CO2 emission, NOx emission, SO2 emission, particles emission, land use, noise, etc.);  and the social (social acceptability, job creation, social benefits, etc.) (Kumar, 2017).

For the consistent ad sustainable development of the country, at both the global and the national level, different alternatives including the long term and the short term that enables to increase the sources of the energy variations and also decrease the dependence pf the country on the foreign supply is a must factor to be considered. The renewable sources of the country must be evaluated and observed in a very distinctive and sensitive way and these resources must be evaluated to promote the environment. The main objective and aim of this study is to define the best energy resources for the country for the planning of the sustainable energy. To achieve our goals and aims, we used a methodology called the APH, to make a criteria for the selection of the alternative sources of the energy (Cinelli, 2014)

This article is further categorized in four main sections. In the first section, we will generate a literature review regarding the sustainable and the renewable energy sources and. In the second section, the methodology of the research is discussed in detail. In the third section, analysis of the data collected during the filed study will be presented along with the results discussion in relation with the literature review. In the last section, the strengths and the weakness of the research and the implications and the future recommendations will be given.

References of Energy

Asumadu-Sarkodie, P. A. (2016). A review of renewable energy sources,. CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, 1-14.

Aziz, N. F. (2016). MCDM-AHP METHOD IN DECISION MAKINGS . ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 1-4.

ČEREŠKA, A. (2016). Operating Characteristics Analysis of Rotor Systems Using MCDM Methods. Studies in Informatics and Control, 59-69.

Cinelli, M. (2014). Analysis of the potentials of multi criteria decision analysis methods to. Ecological Indicators, 138-148.

Demirtas, O. (2014). Evaluating the Best Renewable Energy Technology. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy , 23-33.

Edenhofer, O. (2011). Renewable Energy Sources. 1-26.

Gaffney, O. (2015). Sustainable Development Goals Improving human and planetary wellbeing. Global issues, 20-23.

Kumar, A. (2017). A review of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) towards sustainable. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 596-609.

Ouedraogo, N. S. (2017). Africa energy future: Alternative scenarios and their implications for. UN - Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), 457-471.

Using Analytical Hierarchy Process to improve human performance: An application of multipe criteria decision making. (2014). Journal of Intelligen Manufacturing, 1-12.