According to the study by Hinde (2003) in the Twenty-first century, various issues were reported related to the internet and advanced technologies as it is focused that criminal operations and also traditional crimes increased in the digital world due to digital technologies. However, in the modern world, there are concerns to facilitate crimes because everyone has internet. The reported crimes in this era are related to payment card fraud, intellectual property theft, etc. some victims and criminals are involved (Hinde, 2003). Moreover, information security in the modern world also has associated laws and policies. The criminal activities are concerned in the modern world, there are issues related to identity fraud, as indicated in the study by Kwan, et al. (2010) that ‘advance fee' frauds, online auction frauds also the identity and payment card were identified. It is noticed in Internet Crime Complaint Centre out of 275,284 complaints 26.5% or 72,940 cases in 2008 were reported related to internet crimes. 

Kwan, et al. (2010) 25.5% of the reported cases were related to the US law enforcement crime, 16.3% were related to the online auction fraud and 9% were payment card fraud (Kwan, et al., 2010). Phishing and cyberthreats also focused on the researchers. There were several cases reported related to identity theft and people also reported about the loss of important data examples, family photos. There were also reports related to power plants, social functioning, financial service companies, and Hospitals, etc (Kwan, et al., 2010).

Moreover, 4.7% of the advance fee scam accounted, etc. In 2008, there was a 265 percent increased in the digital crimes and 60 percent of current malicious code or issues were detected. Due to the issues that were addressed in the past years; the government took steps to address the technological issues. However, Malware5 is software designed by the professionals so that there should be no issues regarding security infiltrate (McMahon, Bressler, & Bressler, 2016).

In the study by Whitty & Buchanan (2012), there is also a focus on the threat for financial markets; financial institutions or regulators as the Cybercrime related to network securities were addressed. There were also reports related to the credit card and payment scams. There are phishing attacks that can theft the sensitive information of a person and then there could be physical or mental harm, however, mostly, it includes the losses related to the finance or financial wealth because of people's personal information. The issues that were reported in the past were related to the theft of the credit card details, duping victims, social security numbers usernames, passwords, etc. The cyber-fraud in the retail was also reported which were taken place by the innovative media platforms, several institutions were indirectly exposed because of the current cybercrimes related to the financial sector to cyber-risk (Whitty & Buchanan, 2012).

The research conducted by the May, Jochim, & Sapotichne (2011) there were the reports related to the cybercriminals as the multiple targets; the primary targets were divided into the four main categories: federal agencies (i.e., the Department of Homeland Security, White House, Congress, and other government agencies). These agencies faced the issues related to the targets of cybercrime example the current impending threats and cybercrimes which included child sexual exploitation, hacking, online pornography, identity theft, and fraud, cyberstalking and also digital harassment. There were issues related to cybercrime and fraud as 9,000 reports of Action Fraud as well as the National Fraud Intelligence Bureau (NFIB). However, in the years 2015 and 2019, there was an increase in cybercrime issues from 51 percent to 62 percent (May, Jochim, & Sapotichne, 2011).

References of Cybercrime Threats to Network Security 

Christiansen, Bryan, Piekarz, & Agnieszka. (2018). Global Cyber Security Labor Shortage and International Business Risk. IGI Global.

Gragido, W., & Pirc, J. (2011). Cybercrime and Espionage: An Analysis of Subversive Multi-Vector Threats. Newnes.

Hinde, S. (2003). The law, cybercrime, risk assessment and cyber protection. Computers & Security, 22(2), 90-95.

Kwan, M., Overill, R., Chow, K.-P., Silomon, J., Tse, H., Law, F., & Lai, P. (2010). Evaluation of evidence in Internet auction fraud investigations. In IFIP International Conference on Digital Forensics, 121-132.

May, P. J., Jochim, A. E., & Sapotichne, J. (2011). Constructing homeland security: An anemic policy regime. Policy Studies Journal , 285-307.

McMahon, R., Bressler, M. S., & Bressler, L. (2016). New global cybercrime calls for high-tech cyber-cops. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 29(1), 26.

Whitty, M. T., & Buchanan, T. (2012). The online romance scam: A serious cybercrime. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(3), 181-183.