Different methods are devised for the machining of Hastelloy-X that depends upon the cutting tool material, machined workpiece material, and the machining processes. Most of the methods are expensive at the same time the accuracy of the process is restricted due to thermal shocks produced in the material during the machining process (Popke, Emmer, & Steffenhagen, 1999). The suitable conditions for the machining process of the material are proposed in previous researches. The most appropriate alternative in the application of machining is cutting fluids that provide maximum removal rate (Lodhia, 2003). The extensive use of cutting fluid in the machining is due to maximum accuracy in the process. However, the influence of damaging on the environment restricts the use of cutting fluids in the machining of Hastelloy-X.  In order to reduce the environmental and bio-hazards, new approaches are proposed that eliminates the cutting fluid process and the most appropriate technique is dry machining (Sofuoğlu, Çakır, Gürgen, & Orak, 2018). Dry machining of Hastelloy-X is a positive process that can reduce the negative impact of fluid cutting. In research, the cost and amount of fluid were estimated. In 1998 researchers investigated that approximately 2.3 x 109 litter of cutting fluids were used in the machining process of Hastelloy-X. The cost of the operation as $ 2.75 x 109 (Liang, Liu, & Wang, 2018; Çakīr, Yardimede, Ozben, & Kilickap, 2007). Extensive work on the use of synthetic cutting fluids was also carried out to estimate the effectiveness of process when replaced with the cutting fluid process. In the 1970s the negative impact of the cutting fluids on the health of the workers was estimated. The contamination and the constituents of the cutting fluids induce a negative impact on the health of workers. In 1995 Fuchs et al determined the DNA damage process of the workers who were exposed to fluid cutting (Cestari & Yelverton, 1995). The research identified that constant exposure to the contamination increases the breakdown of DNA. Baynes and Reviere (2004) worked on the analysis of Ricinoleic acid (RA) in the cutting fluid and in the skin of workers and they concluded that material diffuses in the body through the skin. The solution to reducing the hazardous impact on the health of users was proposed as dry cutting (Sofuoğlu, Çakır, Gürgen, & Orak, 2018)

References of Machining of Hastelloy X under dry conditions in term of surface integrity

Çakır, F. H., Sofuoğlu, M. A., & Gürgen, S. (2018). Machining of Hastelloy-X Based on Finite Element Modelling. Advanced Engineering Forum, 30(01), 01-07.

Çakīr, O., Yardimede, A., Ozben, T., & Kilickap, E. (2007). Selection of cutting fluids in machining processes. Jounal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 25(02), 89-102.

Cestari, J., & Yelverton, M. (1995). Maintaining ultraclean gas-system integrity for toxic and hazardous gases. Solid State Technology, 38(10), 109-119.

Liang, X., Liu, Z., & Wang, B. (2018). State-of-the-art of surface integrity induced by tool wear effects in machining process of titanium and nickel alloys: A review. Measurement, 18(02), 30880-30887.

Lodhia, P. (2003). A MACRO LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE COMPARISON: DRY MACHINING PROCESS VS WET MACHINING PROCESS . Retrieved from soar.wichita.edu: https://soar.wichita.edu/bitstream/handle/10057/1146/t07028.pdf?sequence=3

Popke, H., Emmer, T., & Steffenhagen, J. (1999). Environmentally clean metal cutting processes—machining on the way to dry cutting. Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 01(03), 01-10.

Shyha, I., Kuo, C.-L., & Soo, S. (2014). Workpiece surface integrity and productivity when cutting CFRP and GFRP composites using a CO2 laser. International Journal of Mechatronics and Manufacturing Systems, 07(02), 01-10.

Sofuoğlu, M. A., Çakır, F. H., Gürgen, S., & Orak, S. (2018). Experimental investigation of machining characteristics and chatter stability for Hastelloy-X with ultrasonic and hot turning. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 95(01), 83-97.