What is the problem being solved?

Ramakrishnan and Rajjain (1990) have argued around some issues associated with congestion prevention within the networks. The connectionless procedure work along with the layer of network wherein the users’ feedback is in sync with a purpose to manage the network traffic. Both the packets and congestion which flow in the frontward track are detected by the network routers. Under the active network states, the structure is delivered along with the optimal operating services and conditions designed for various sources. Research by Floyd (1994) has proposed his study, in order to measure the usage of Explicit Congestion Notification or ECN mechanism intended for the protocol of IP/TCP. Simulation is considered with a purpose to explore both advantages and disadvantages of ECN works inside IP/TCP.

Why is it interesting, relevant, and/or important?

The network mechanisms of ECN are measured by the advantages derived from both research types, whereas there is a limited function of the TCP retransmit timers’ efficiency. Some issues associated with the application of a particular mechanism of ECN within IP/TCP networks are also discussed in the paper.

What approaches existed at the time that this work was done?

The method considered at this moment is the infinite response time that regulates the congestion structure. The structure of congestion control has a purpose to identify the network fact when approached toward a cliff, directs to the loss of packet, and also to decrease the weight of network under the retrieval situations of the network congestion.

Why existing approaches were not adequate?

The existing approaches were not dealing with the detection of incipient congestion, ECN mechanism under node conditions, and interactive traffic. The second consideration of the schema that was not previously existing is sources of retransmitting timer and duplicate conditions for the dropped packet.

What is the proposed approach and how does it compare to earlier approaches?

The proposed approach is for the bulk data TCP connections under the retransmission of data with delay time. The fast-retransmit procedure is developed for TCP connections and TCP timers for global synchronization.

What are the main strengths and weaknesses of the paper/proposed approach?

The research of Floyd (1994) deals with the current ECN mechanisms, the role of the router, TCP response to the ECN, simulation of ECN implementation, ECN in LAN and WAN, and advantages and disadvantages of ECN.

Compare and contrast commentary on the papers.

Ramakrishnan and Rajjain (1990) determined a steady-state probability for the number of packets at the router while Floyd (1994) did not consider it.

References of Binary Feedback

Ramakrishnan K. K. and Jain R., "A Binary Feedback Scheme for Congestion Control in Computer Networks", ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, Feb 1990.

Floyd, S., "TCP and Explicit Congestion Notification", ACM Computer Communication Review, V. 24 N. 5, October 1994, p. 10-23