Drowning, suffocation and carbon monoxide poisoning can lead to death because they all prevent oxygen from reaching our cells. Explain how this lack of oxygen can lead to death; be specific about how this lack of oxygen can affect cellular metabolic processes.

Ans. For cellular work, oxygen is utilized by the aerobic cellular respiration to develop the ATP. The cell utilizes the anaerobic cellular respiration without the involvement of oxygen that makes some ATP per molecule glucose. More ATP per glucose molecule can be produce by the Aerobic cellular respiration. At the end of transport chain, the oxygen is the final electron acceptor that through the electron transport chain acts as a magnet pulling electron. To product the water the oxygen accept electrons with the hydrogen ions. 

1. Glycolysis would quickly halt if the process ran out of _____, which serves as the hydrogen and electron acceptor.

a. NADP+

b. ADP

c . NAD+

d. H20

2. The ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is ______________.

a. NADH

b. CO2

c. O2 

d. ATP

3. When glucose is used as an energy source, the largest amount of ATP is generated by the ________________ portion of the entire respiratory process.

a. glycolytic

b. acetyl-CoA formation

c. Kreb’s cycle

d. Electron transport chain

e. aerobic

4. Starting with one molecule of glucose, the "net" products of glycolysis are:

a. 2 NAD+, 2 H+, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O.

b. 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP.

c. 2 FADH2, 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, and 2 H2O.

d. 6 CO2, 6 H2O, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvate.

e. 6 CO2, 6 H2O, 36 ATP, and 2 citrate.

5. The graph shows the rate of an enzyme reaction at different levels of acidity or alkalinity (pH). From the graph, what is the optimum pH for this enzyme? 

A.  pH 2

B.  pH 7

C.  pH 10

D.  none of these.

6. Pyruvic acid can be regarded as the end product of _________________.

a. glycolysis

b. acetyl-CoA format

c. fermentation

d. the Kreb’s cycle

7. The rate of glycolysis is_____________.

a. stimulated by ATP

b. stimulated by ADP

c. inhibited by ADP

d. inhibited by oxygen

8. Including the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, how many NADH, FADH2, ATP, and GTP molecules are produced during the Kreb’s cycle?

NADH - Number of Molecules __6____

FADH - Number of Molecules ____2__

ATP -   Number of Molecules __2____

9. Fill in the table below to indicate how fermentation (lactic acid and alcoholic) is different from glycolysis and how the two pathways are similar.

Glycolysis Fermentation Where in the cell do these processes take place?  What are the      reactants?  What are the products?  Is carbon dioxide produced?  Can it occur in the presence of oxygen?  Can it occur in the absence of oxygen?

Ans. 

Glycolysis Fermentation

When is the cell do these processes take place?Lactic Acid-in human muscle cells, making the ATP without the oxygen. 

Alcoholic- in the microorganisms, no oxygen present.

What are the reactants?

1.Glucose molecule

2. ATP 1. Lactic acid

2. Alcoholic

What are the products?2 pyruvate, 2 NADH and 2 ATP Ethanol, lactic acid, carbon dioxide and H2

In carbon dioxide produced? no Yes

Can it occur in the presence of oxygen? no Yes

Can it occur in the absence of oxygen? yes no

10. What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis based on their reactants and products? You will have to include the reactants and products of both processes in your answer.

Ans. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both include the same product in the way of producing the energy as share a relationship but also in the opposite manner. Photosynthesis converts the CO2 and H2O into glucose. To produce the CO2 and H2o. the cellular respiration breaks down glucose. 

11. ATP is the molecule that is used to provide energy necessary to power cellular functions, and as a result, it is often called the “energy currency” in the cell. How might this “energy currency” be saved; meaning, what organic molecule can be produced and later used to provide ATP? And what organic molecule might be considered the paycheck; the molecule that is “cashed” in order to get ATP quickly? Explain both your answers.

Ans. Glucose is the organic molecule. Every glucose develop the 2 FADH2 and 10 NADH molecules that obtain the electron of hydrogen for the transport chain. Every molecule of the FADH 2 inlcude 2 ATP molecules by the electron transport and the every molecule of the NADH develop inside the mitochondria by the krebs cycle in case of producing the ATP molecule through the electron transport. The mitochondria should be shuttled across the outer membrane when the Hydrogen’s of NADN produced that commonly reasons for the delivered the FAD so they can develop 2 ATP molecules through electron transport. It is the primary molecule for reserving and transmitting energy within cells, the ATP is called the energy currency of the cell. It depend on the need of the nedd that may use of seved. The process of the creation of ATP is not as simple as the body eventually converts any type of energy into ATP. All substances required ATP to function properly because processes which are used to convert the substance into glucose and ketone bodies like gluconeoogenesis, lipid metabolism and glycolysis. 

12. With the massive amount of plant life, ample rainfall and favorable temperatures, you might think that tropical rainforests would be large net producers of oxygen, and yet surprisingly, they are not! With your knowledge of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, can you explain why this might be true? Think about what happens when a leaf drops or fruit from a tree is eaten.

Ans.  During photosynthesis, the amount of oxygen produced is also increase with the increase of number of plants. In the night time, the plants are using the oxygen and release carbon dioxide during the respiration system and also minimize the oxygen content. So plants are not consider the largest producers of the oxygen .