Report on the portion of bridge life cycle

The application of the DFD to the truss bridge design in eth AUM campus is the relatively low concept, which is not much interested in the maintenances. The portion of bridge life cycle which is based on QFD, QFD is used to evaluating the conceptual design of the bridge (Bolar & al, 2012). The House of quality (HOQ) is connected with the QFD, and it is also defined as the term “WHATs” and “HOWs.” In the below figure the HOQ is shown to fulfill these below points; 

Figure 1: House of Quality

Now below figure 2 illustrates each section of the HoQ, which holds the information specific for the bridge design of the QFD procedure. 

Figure 2: Bridge design HoQ

Design requirements of Design a truss bridge that will be used in AUM Campus to span the paved roads used by Golf Carts

The bridge is designed to connect two regions and to facilitate the users of both regions. the functional requirements and the construction plan are designed to fulfil the analysis considerations. At the new structure engineer receive the following input:

The replacement bridge is designed in such a way that it will construct the abutment in the 34 meter apart area. 

Similar to the previous bridge a new structure will be constructed for the two lanes traffic flow and deck of new design will be increased by 20% that provide extra space for the larger vehicles.

The factor of safety of bridge will be as 2.0

The configuration of deck truss will be based on the material used that is steel. 

The project is based on the limited budget and cost of new bridge is required to be kept at minimum. 

The bridge service will be open as quickly as possible to build project design and to deliver the maximum output.

The plan of the solution of Design a truss bridge that will be used in AUM Campus to span the paved roads used by Golf Carts

The plan of design is based on new consideration of bridge, 

Truss configuration 

Creation of structural model 

Static determinacy and stability 

Calculation of reaction 

Internal member forces 

Member size 

Plan analysis 

Decision of material used in manufacturing 

Development of schedule for the gusset plates 

Build the bridge 

Room A & B of Design a truss bridge that will be used in AUM Campus to span the paved roads used by Golf Carts

The customer requirements are specified, the designer of the bridge is implemented in the University campus, so , our customer is students , and the teachers. And customer requirements are to provide adequate space which is appropriate for the location, like AUM campus and also welcoming to students plus offer access for the necessary facilitates which promote the development.  

C. Relationship  of Design a truss bridge that will be used in AUM Campus to span the paved roads used by Golf Carts

It is necessary to satisfy the requirements of the customers, where the member implementation suggested that it is based on the experience and recommendations of building the bridge designs. 

The truss configuration is calculated by the model structure, the considerations in the analysis are mentioned below, 

Geometry of truss bridge

Loads 

Support for the reaction 

The report idealizes the three-dimensional bridge with the identical two-dimensional trusses. The main function is geometry truss that indicate the location of member centerline. The structure and dimension are consistent with the chord lengths and span length.

D.Technical correlations 

The purpose of this part is to prioritize the technical characteristics for the contribution, which is obtained the satisfaction of customer, for examples, the technical features of maps. 

E. Room E & F of Design a truss bridge that will be used in AUM Campus to span the paved roads used by Golf Carts

Suppose the extent that the technical characteristics support to each other, and it is also identifying potential deigns of the bridge (Hernande & al, 2007). 

Design Concept Generation

By the interconnecting of the triangular structure, the truss bridge is characterized, and it also gives the strength to with stand more dynamic and heavy loads. 

Figure 3: Truss bridge design

Advantages and disadvantages of Design a truss bridge that will be used in AUM Campus to span the paved roads used by Golf Carts

The advantages of the truss bridge are given below; 

Truss bridge is extremely strong 

Truss bridge use the effective materials 

Withstand extreme conditions 

Roadways build on a structure

The disadvantages of the truss bridge are given below; 

Truss bridge needs a lot of space 

Truss bridge has a high maintenance  cost  

Product Design of Design a truss bridge that will be used in AUM Campus to span the paved roads used by Golf Carts

Design the truss bridge, first of all may use the truss configuration, which is also satisfy the project requirements. Now according to requirements the height of the bridge should be adjusted according to the dimensions of the Golf Carts used in the AUM campus .And the 8 seater Golf Cart Dimensions is given in below table 1 \

Table 1: 8 seater Golf Cart Dimensions

Item Description

Overall dimensions (L X W X H) 4292mm X 1219mm X 1828mm

Ground clearance 114 mm

Wheelbase 3300 mm

Front wheel tread(mm) 860mm

Rear wheel tread(mm) 970mm

Figure 4: Bridge design

sTotal height of the Golf cart  = 1828mm

height 

Height=1828(L)

Height=1828(4292)

Height=7849432mm

Weight 

The weight of 1600 kg mass is ; 

W=mg

W=1600kg*9.81ms^(-2)

W=1569.6N

Load per joint 

Load per joint =  (Total load)/(Number of joints)

Load per joint =  1569.6N/1600

Load per joint =9.81N

Figure 5: free body diagram for the truss

Component Type Approximate length 

Bottom chord 3 mm bar (double) 11 cm 

Bottom chords 4 mm bar (double) 11 cm 

Diagonals 3 mm bar (double) 10 cm

Diagonals 2 mm bar (double) 13 cm 

Top lateral bracing 3 mm bar (single) 12 cm 

Top chords 10 mm x 10 mm tube 9 cm 

Diagonals 6 mm x 10 mm tube 13 cm 

Diagonals 6 mm x 10 mm tube 15 cm 

Diagonals 6 mm x 10 mm tube 15 cm 

Floor beam 6 mm x 10 mm tube 10 cm 

Bottom struts 6 mm x 6 mm tube 10 cm

The design process for each major component

The main component of the truss bridge design is shown in the below figure 5. Every truss bridge is composed of the top, bottom, diagonal, as well as a vertical chord (Allinonehomeschool, 2019). 

Figure 6: Truss bridge component

One of the important truss bridge components is deck which is shown in the below figure 6, 

Figure 7: Component parts of a typical truss bridge

Design for Sustainability

To maintain in the view of the economic, global along with technical issues is by civil engineering. The continues maintenance is has the important impact on the environment in the case of the bride, where the closure has the effect in the length detours, and the traffic Jams. 

Engineering Standards & Catalogs

The engineers, who designed the different structure of the truss bridge, mostly understand the problem to be solved. Also involved the complexities of AUM campus along with the customer needs. Engineer supposes the various types of load to design the safety and longevity of truss bridge.

Figure 8: selection of required strength

required strength =  factor of safety (internal member force)

required strength  =  2.0 (F_AB  )    

=2.0  (9.8)  

=  19.7 N 

required strength  =  2.0 (F_CD  )    

=2.0  (23.2)  

=  46.4 N 

BH =  √((7.5)^2    +  (5)^2 )

BH=   9.01 cm

Figure 9: Tension members

Summary

Mathematical tools for development of model

Pythagorean theorem to measure the lengths of diagonal members of truss.

Trigonometry to write equation for equilibrium under the structural analysis. 

Algebra to solve the equilibrium equations for the internal member force analysis. 

Vectors that represent structural model 

Scientific principles and concepts  

Force that represent the internal member forces, reactions, and loads.

Compression and tension that represent the direction of internal member forces.

Equilibrium for calculation of internam member forces and reactions 

Relationship between mass and forces to convert the load from kilogram mass to newton force. 

Technology developed 

Spreadsheet that will be used to analyze the graph and experimental data from the strength testing process. 

The west point bridge designer is used for the efficient truss configuration.

Computer aided drafting software that is used to make a plan or design of the truss bridge. 

 Conclusions & Recommendations of Design a truss bridge that will be used in AUM Campus to span the paved roads used by Golf Carts

Summing up all the discussion the project is about the “design of Truss bridge” in the AUM campus. The entire objective and the problem statement are clearly explained. The design of the truss bridge is also explained with the detailed analysis and calculations.  

References of Design a truss bridge that will be used in AUM Campus to span the paved roads used by Golf Carts

Allinonehomeschool. (2019). Build a Model of a Truss Bridge. Retrieved from https://allinonehomeschool.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/learning_activity_1.pdf

Bolar, A., & al, e. (2012). Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for bridge maintenance. International Specialty Conference on Sustaining Public Infrastructure .

Hernande, D. J., & al, e. (2007). Quality function deployment in construction. Construction Management and Economics, 25(6), 597-609 ·. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24078041_Quality_function_deployment_in_construction