The research is linked with architectural solutions and refits to reduce the cost as well as the consumption of electricity in the residential areas of Saudi Arabia. The energy-efficient solutions introduce strategies to replace the issues, improve cooling systems, thermal insulations, grid system stability and optimization of the solution. The architectural solutions are suggested for building envelope components in the residential buildings, for instance, the components of buildings are a floor, walls, roofs, and the windows. In particular, the research will estimate solutions to control the indoor temperature to keep the inside of the building energy-efficient (Export. gov, 2018).

1.      Subsequently, the research analyzes the highly demanded architectural solution of the buildings that control domestic energy consumption.

2.      The solutions enhance the performance of building envelope performance that ultimately reduces the thermal loads for cooling and thermal insulations.

3.      The optimized solutions will be proposed based on BIM software simulation (Dubey, Howarth, & Krarti, 2017).

Methodology of Goals and objectives 

The research will assess optimal building design for the residential buildings in Saudi Arabia. The analysis will measure fluctuation in climate across Saudi Arabia. After that, the simulation software will analyze the possible building designs and locations. The current and potential improvements in the construction of buildings will reduce energy consumption and increase the energy efficiency of the buildings (Kanani, Dawood, & Vukovic, 2019). The research will consider primary and secondary data as well as case studies to measure the impact of strategies in the residential areas. After that BIM simulation software tool will be used to provide daylighting metrics, real-time climate data, energy consumption, and geometry of buildings. The optimal construction materials will also be considered in the research to measure the minimum and maximum impact of the material on the energy performance of residential buildings (Dubey, Howarth, & Krarti, 2017).

Figure 1: Methodology for the research and measurement of the effectiveness of the architectural design

For Saudi housing, the optimal building design can be employed by using the varying climate over entire Saudi Arabia. The approaches of the multiple case study were usually undertaken in order to assess the optimal housing or building design. The analysis the two stories are involved in the multiple case studies it includes the housing from the residential buildings from three various cities of Saudi Arabia; named as Dammam, Jeddah, and Riyadh along with the particular aim of the potential and current improvements in the terms consumption and energy with regards to building energy efficiency.

Case study selection Criteria

There are three cities that are selected as samples due to the change in average climate and temperature, and all of these cities are selected from the KSA (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)in order to conduct the case studies. In the city of the Jeddah, the first case study location is commonly based that is located on the attractive location of the coast of the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia’s west direction. This place is experiencing the variances of the climate such as; warm winter temperature, Climate of hot arid desert and the temperature of the extremely hot summer. Riyadh is taken as another city because it is the capital of Saudi Arabia. This city is experiencing cold dry winters and dry and hot summers. The city of Dammam has been selected as the third city and this is referred to as the port city. This city is experiencing cold winter and very dry and hot summers.  

Case Study Description of Goals and objectives 

The building of the case study will be contained on the double stories from the residential perspectives from all of the particular cities that are selected in this study. These buildings will occupy the area of 185 m2 on each floor of the building. For the purpose of the entertaining and main living place, the ground floor will be used. Meanwhile, the bedroom will be constructed on the first floor. For the ceilings and floor, the reinforced concrete will be used in the building structure. The concrete box will be used in order to construct the walls. The sand render and types of cement are utilized to covering the outer façade of the building.  This methodology is particularly explained to analyze the construction material, fabric, design, and properties of the building in order to apply the specific architectural solutions. For each of the buildings in each city, the three-dimensional design will be used.    

Use of Simulation Software Tools

In order to perform the energy analysis of the whole building BIM simulation software tool is used to conducting the energy simulation for the purposes of the particular study that is usually impacted on the carbon emissions, energy consumption, daylight analysis and the cost of the electricity.  The BIM simulation software tool for the energy simulation upon the residential buildings for creating a model where the user can easily specify the entire parameters by which the performance of the buildings can be impacted. It also includes the predictions of the resulting performance which is generally near to reality.  The building geometry, real-time climate data, daylight metrics, and energy consumption can be provided by the results of the simulation.   

Research Limitations

In the KSA (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia); this study is lemmatized for the residential building’s energy performance impacts.  The simulation results will be carried by observing the various papers of the BIM simulation software tools. This study is limited for the presentation of the research data for simulation by using the BIM simulation software tools. Due to the lack of time the simulation results are not repeated sometime, these are consulted with the preexisting research study such as the study of the (kanani, 2017 ).  

References of Goals and objectives 

Besheer, A., & Hamidi, W. D. (2012). Design procedures for an average Saudi villa using integrated green building techniques. ECO-ARCHITECTURE 2012, 01(02), 01-10.

Dubey, K., Howarth, N., & Krarti, M. (2017). Evaluating Building Energy Efficiency Investment Options for Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center.

Export. gov. (2018). Saudi Arabia - AEC. Retrieved from www.export.gov: https://www.export.gov/article?id=Saudi-Arabia-Architecture-Engineering-and-Construction

kanani, A. A. ( 2017 ). Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Springer International Publishing AG.

Kanani, A. A., Dawood, N., & Vukovic, V. (2019). Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Springer International Publishing, 130-139.