By using the BIM simulation software tool the consumption of the domestic building was analyzed and simulated in order to reduce the cost the electricity in the housing of Saudi Arabia. It has been depicted by the results of the simulation for the consumption of energy in the domestic buildings of each city that are selected as the case in this study; It was measured by considering the design of the residential building case study. It also includes the fabric that is used in that building. The daylight analysis and the analysis of the energy consumption is offered the simulation. The simulation is also used to providing the data or information for the demand of the energy for various processes such as cooling and heat.

In the first steps, the simulation of the energy was conducted without the utilization of the insulation materials in case of the external walls of the said building. After that, the design details were changed with the addition of the insulation material for the external walls of the residential building. In order to assess the potential improvements, the daylight analysis and its associated building energy consumption analysis were re-assessed by using the insulation materials for the residential building's external walls.  The insulation material has been used as the scale set of the energy efficiency measure.

Then data for the consumption of the energy has been analyzed in order to compare the results for the insulation material and without insulation material for the residential building external walls. These results have been compared for each of the buildings of the particular selected city across Saudi Arabia. Across Saudi Arabia for all of the cities, the consumption of the energy for each residential case study has shown a similar pattern and it has been indicated by the results of the wall insulation of the consumption of energy. It has been indicated that; by adding insulation material in external walls of the building the optimized performance of the energy is being achieved and the consumption of the energy has been reduced due to which the cost of the electricity will mitigate as well.

It has been represented in the result of the simulation that in the addition of the wall insulation for the residential building case study of Riyadh and Jeddah it has become successful in order to save the 35% consumption of eth energy. The result is mostly similar for both case studies as; Riyadh and Jeddah due to the little bit climate’s similarity as hot and dry summer. But in the case study of the residential building of the Dammam the consumption energy has been saving only 33% with the utilization of the insulation material in external walls. The facts have been attributed from these findings that; due to the lack of construction material and optimal architectural design particularly; the insulation material has become the one of the major reason for enhancing the demand and consumption of the energy sue to which the cost of the electricity will be increased automatically.

The results of this study are particularly similar to the study of the (Kanani, Dawood, & Vukovic, 2019) but they have conducted his study by using the Sefaira energy simulation software for the case study building of these similar cities across Saudi Arabia. There are several researchers who have conducted research in order to minimize the cost of electricity and energy consumption by using effective architectural design and various applications of architectural materials. In the study of the (Kanani, Dawood, & Vukovic, 2019) the results have been shown that by the addition of the insulation materials in the construction of the building it has 30% to 40% impacts on the consumptions of the energy. The screenshots of the experiments of the research of (Kanani, Dawood, & Vukovic, 2019) are given below and this study is considered as the base paper for a particular study. All the below images are taken from the study of the (Kanani, Dawood, & Vukovic, 2019)  in order to prove the results of this study. These images are plays the role of evidence in this particular study for the utilization of the insulation material in the architectural design of the buildings across the various cities of Saudi Arabia. The well-known cities of Saudi Arabia are selected as samples for this study due to the variances of the climate.

These cities are experiencing various changes due to the change in the climate. These cities are engaged in most of the consumptions of the various resources and energy across Saudi Arabia. No doubt Saudi Arabia is a well-known oil-rich economy but unfortunately, there is a lack of various other resources in Saudi Arabia. There is a lack of plants and trees in the environment of Saudi Arabia and most of the areas of these states are occupied by the warm mountains and deserts. Due to all of these perspectives, the weather of Saudi Arabia mostly remains hot. 

Essentially, in the view of the facts, the results of these case studies are most significant because all of these case studies are conducted on the various cities of Saudi Arabia that are experiencing various weather conditions. Yet, it means this study is conducted in various weather conditions in order to measure the consumption of energy for reducing the cost of the electricity. This study provides proven pieces of evidence for the consumption of the energy in various weather from much colder to extremely hot temperatures.

A research study conclusively conducted in the Mediterranean region by Jaber and Ajib (2011) shows that the fabric of high rise buildings in the area of Hong Kong has some applications of thermal insulation. Thermal insulation enables the buildings to transfer heat. Rock wool and insulated building contribute to saving $21 per square area of buildings. Mathematical practices are common to calculate the sizes of windows and doors in the houses. However, polymer materials use and organic materials used in residential houses are the most economical way to save electricity costs to be paid with monthly utility bills (Jaber & Ajib, 2011).

Conclusively Morrissey and Horne wrote in a research article (2011) that the use of energy-efficient construction materials cost applies in the building construction cost which results in the increase of overall construction cost for the household. However, the average profit gain from adding triangulated materials and energy-efficient materials is greater than the cost incurred to make a building efficient against climate changes and external temperature. Common material costs for construction materials such as glass wool insulation wall and glass wool insulation materials for cleaning are $3.50 and $5.20 per square meter in Australia.

 However, the expected to reduce electricity bills was around 110 and in a specified period (Morrissey & Horne, 2011). For reducing this significant demand for the consumption of domestic energy and for increasing the efficiency of residential buildings in terms of energy in Saudi Arabia’s hot climate, it is quite significant to improve the performance of building envelope for reducing the thermal loads of cooling through the use of thermal insulation. In addition to it, this also represents the necessity of employing architectural solutions and optimal insulation.

Conclusion of Results and analysis

It has been concluded that for the residential building and housing of Saudi Arabia the high demand for energy consumption is entirely engaged in increasing the cost of the electricity. In order to mitigate the cost of electricity and reducing the energy consumption in the residential building of Saudi Arabia, there must be the application of the particular architectural design and material.

It has been observed in this study by conducting the experiments of the three different cities of Saudi Arabia that are experiencing the various weather condition and climates from extremely hot to much colder than the insulation material in the construction of the building is a good solution for reducing the consumption of the energy. The applications of the insulation material can easily reduce 35% consumption of the energy in Riyadh and Jeddah city of Saudi Arabia meanwhile fir the city of the Dammam the application of the insulation material can reduce only 33% energy consumption. Yet it means by using the insulation material in the construction of the building of the Riyadh and Jeddah the cost of eth 35 % electricity can be mitigated meanwhile in the case of the Dammam the cost 33% electricity can be saved by using the insulation material in the construction of the residential building.   

References of Results and analysis

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Dubey, K., Howarth, N., & Krarti, M. (2017). Evaluating Building Energy Efficiency Investment Options for Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center.

Export. gov. (2018). Saudi Arabia - AEC. Retrieved from www.export.gov: https://www.export.gov/article?id=Saudi-Arabia-Architecture-Engineering-and-Construction

Feng, Y. (2004). Thermal design standards for energy efficiency of residential buildings in hot summer/cold winter zones. Energy and Buildings, 36, 1309-1312.

kanani, A. A. ( 2017 ). Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Springer International Publishing AG.

Kanani, A. A., Dawood, N., & Vukovic, V. (2019). Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Springer International Publishing, 130-139.

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Lopes, L., Hokoi, S., Miura, H., & Shuhei, K. (2005). Energy efficiency and energy savings in Japanese residential buildings—research methodology and surveyed results. Energy and Buildings, 37(7), 698-706.

Mardookhy, M., Sawhney, R., Ji, S., Zhu, X., & Zhou, W. (2013). A study of energy efficiency in residential buildings in Knoxville, Tennessee. Journal of Cleaner Production, 85(15), 1-9.