Discuss the existing challenges for real-time monitoring and control of smart grid applications.

The use of the smart grid is based on the different combination of the electrical networks, communication layers, information technology which is also the smart grid systems. The problem which is faced through the conventional gird system, like human faults, grid errors then use the technique of smart grid. The real time monitoring and control for the smart grid is provided which is based on the bidirectional communications. Though the smart gird is also improved the energy management, cost effectiveness, efficiency through the real time implementations. By using the remote cloud server the research is presented real time monitoring and control for the challenges of the smart grid (Kulkarni, 2019).  

There are following key challenges for the smart grid;

·         Strengthening the grid

·         Enhanced intelligence

·         Communications

·         Integrating intermittent generation

·         Moving offshore

·         Capturing the benefits of DG and storage

·         Preparing of plugin hybrid vehicles

·         Advanced power system monitoring

Strengthening the grid

To interconnect the resources of energy there is sufficient transmission capacity, especially for renewable energy resources. Whereas the smart electric grid system is supposed to the most complex system on earth, for its complexity, vastness the inextricably is connected with development of human along with the involvement.

Enhanced intelligence

To developing the technology for the revolutionize of the smart grid power which is also speeding renewable electric energy in every home. In the below figure the storage of distributed energy devices is shown for resources of loop configurations which is also allows the flexible operations that is improve the supply reliability, and to protect FREEDM it is more challenging;   

Figure: Electric grid diagrams conceptualizing FREEDM system

Communications

All the component of power system is integrated by the Smart grid, and it is also improved the performance of grid, where the component of integrations related with the communication system, business processes s, IT system. For smart grid the active grid management as well as real time data required the two way digital communication as well as fast.  

Integrating intermittent generation

The other challenge for the smart grid application in the real time monitoring and control is this, where the economic dispatch prefers the minimum cots for the production of power in the electric power systems. To operating the power grid by high proportion generation which is also based on the renewable energy resources.  

Moving offshore

For the offshore develop the efficient connection with marine technologies. There are few potential benefits for technology of the smart grid and the central control is also able to operate the power plant. The features which are remotely located and complex to access the acquisition of data is very useful for the offshore data.

Capturing the benefits of DG and storage

It is challenge for the smart grid application if it is connected to the utility grid and the storage of renewable energy resources is coupled and also improves the robustness of the intermittent outages. This approach is very useful because it used the fossil fuel which is driven form the generators, flywheels, batteries and capacitors (Bari & et al, 2014).

Preparing of plugin hybrid vehicles

Smart grids should be accommodating for all requirements of the consumers, electrical vehicles which is specially emphasized for the mobile and it is highly dispersed for the massive development. It is biggest challenges for the smart grid because it only increases the electrical vehicle transportation which is also use in vehicle batteries for the support of smart grid .

Advanced power system monitoring

The pharos measurement is synchronized, which is significant element for measurement system and it is also used in the advanced power system for protection, monitoring and control application. The devices of the power system provide real time pharos measurement that synchronized to determine the stand power of monitoring system (Joy & et al, 2013).

Question 2

Discuss the role of High-Performance Computing (HPC) in transforming power grid operations and planning and ultimately leading to better reliability and asset utilization of the power industry.

In the power system application, the role of the High performance computing (HPC) is used for recent trends of smart grid technology plus the fast switching devices. The smart grid also obtained the depth analysis for the underlying systems of dynamics where the inclusion is sophisticated control with high speed (Amgai & et al, 2012).

As by the smart grid is very complex, which is also contains the different number of the stations, sources and the smart metrics which is also produced the large data. So, this type of data is very big and it required the heavy computing, thus the High performance computing is helping in the detailed analysis if huge pool of data.

·         For the developing the tools and algorithm because grid is very complex, the smart grid required the High performance computing, and HPC is also helpful for computing the analysis.  

·         HPC is also helping for the simulations and analysis.

·         HPC is also useful for the transmission, in order to make the quick decision for smart grid because it is complex where power flow for the transient stability and it is also determined.