Introduction of For and Against Abortion

Abortion is the medical term that often used for the process of ending the pregnancy which leads to death of fetus, the other name of the abortion is termination of the pregnancy. It is mostly done for unplanned or unwanted pregnancy. The word abortion is also known as the induced miscarriage when many deliberate steps are designed to end the unwanted pregnancy. Abortion is very risky when it is done by an incompetent person. High skills and experience are required for the medical personnel to end the pregnancy. New medical procedures use two kinds of methods for abortion, the one kind is using the medicines pills and the other one is the used surgical methods. They often use it in the medical, if the Dr. does not safe procedures, it will lead to maternal death, most of the time it has seen that maternal death is happened due to the non-competence, unsanitary equipment and the negligence of health safety issues in developing countries. About 47,000 maternal death occurs due to unsafe abortions (Pandey).

The purpose of this assignment is to highlight the main concerning points related to the abortion

·         to know the reasons for the abortion

·         What are the counterarguments of the abortion from a social perspective?

·         Ethical concerns related to abortion.

Abortion is a controversial issue in different cultures and backgrounds. It is unethical and illegal in many countries, but in the developed, it considered as the legal procedure for controlling unwanted pregnancy.

There are many reasons behind the abortions. It is a very complex problem to seek abortion as an option for not having a child. Researchers have been conducted to know the reasons behind abortion.  One study has found that women don’t want the child why she used to induce abortion. Married and unmarried both women seek abortion as the option to not having a child (Hodes).

Economic factors

 The married and unmarried both kinds of women seek an abortion to not having the child.  Many studies found that economic factor is the determinant for the abortion, the poor and low-income women and their partner will not afford the expenses of having a child and they are suffering from the worst condition of the economy. In developing and underdeveloped countries such as some countries of Africa, abortion is often done due to the lack of resources for the child. It is not good with respect to moral values (Caitlin Gerdts).

Counter-argument in favor of abortion due to the economic factor

The abortion in low-income situations is good enough because it helps the parents to not overburden themselves due to the lack of resources. The child will cause a burden due to its shortage of money. The parents will not provide good facilities related to education, health, and future career.  The new child will create a burden, just not on his family but also on the whole country if the countries resources are not managed to support the children. If the child is wellborn, he/she will spend life struggling and many times due to the lack of resources in education and basic facilities, crimes are increasing in developing countries (Shah).

Social factor of For and Against Abortion

Age is the main factor about abortion, in developing countries, women marry at the young age, she has the more chances of the fertility from 20 -45, at the ages of 45-50 years, the chances of conceiving baby is very less, if the women is got pregnant, it will be considered a taboo to have child at old ages, the society will criticize her about moral values and mentally torture her. Many women at old ages tend to use abortion as the best option from the ear of the society (Saseendran Pallikadavath).

In some cases, women got marry at very young ages, if they got pregnant, it will affect the health of the women and there will be the risk of survival of the mother. In this situation, women seek an abortion.

At older ages, pregnancy for women is a dilemma in developing countries. Most of the time, women aborted their babies.  It is good enough because women don’t have the ability to bring the children and she is weak physically and the decline in age causes many social reasons and it will cause difficulty for children to live in that situation. For young age women, it will increase the survival rate (M Antonia Biggs).

The rape is the social issue and it is very common in developing countries, rape causes many issues in society, the survival of the victim is very difficult in society. In many cases of rape, the victim of rape is pregnant and it will be very hard for the victim to give birth to the unwanted child. To resolve this problem, they used the e options of abortion. It is unethical to kill the children before birth.

In the rape victim's life, abortion is the best option to sustain the life of a victim. The victim is suffering from pregnancy and it is difficult to bring up the children who come before the unethical and social crime.  Abortion is often used.

Gender biases of For and Against Abortion

Gender is the main determinant of abortion in married women. In the developing countries, to be a man is the prestigious factor for having the honor in society. In underdeveloped countries, women can be blamed by society for giving birth to a daughter. Due to the improvement of the technology, the gender of the child can be predicted by using the ultrasound and different technology.  The sex-selection abortion is very common in India and China (Pandey). About the reports of the 22.1 million female fetuses are aborted in the last five years study from 2012-2018. Society’s influence and willingness to have a male baby can create pressure on the parents to abort the female fetuses. It creates inequality in society and gender discrimination, and the man has different rights as well as the right to survival. But on the other hand, female doesn’t even have the right to survive and she killed before birth (Saseendran Pallikadavath).

In the society of gender discrimination, women are not considered as equal as the man. She is taken low in every aspects of life. The different dilemma that relates to the women life can cause the sex-selection abortion. Women have no rights in property and the dowry and marriage system create many issues in the life of women, that’s why abortion is the better option to abort the female fetuses (Saseendran Pallikadavath).

Relationship problem between partners of For and Against Abortion          

The relationship problem is one of the main issues to seek abortion for not having a child. For example, the divorce between parents of a child can encourage the women to abort the child of her ex-husband. Pregnancy before marriage is very unethical and illegal in the developing world and it causes abortion.

Abortion is the best way to avoid the child for a single parent and the divorcee parents. Life will be difficult for the newborn to survive in society and cause many mental and social issues for the newborn child.

Following are some fo the ethical considetations regarding the Abortion;

Abortion is a complex problem in the world. The ethics considered with abortion is very different for the different cultural background. There are two schools of thought related to abortion, one said, it is the right of the women to have a child or not, and the abortion help to select the choice of the women’s

 The other group thought that the fetus is living being it is unethical to kill the baby in the womb and snatch the right of living. No one right to kill the living being, if they are related to them.

 Legislation made in different countries related to the abortion

  The different laws are mad on the abortions. Abortion is the legal process in developed countries such as countries of Europe and America. About 40 years, abortion is the legal right of the women of America. The government of the America, Donald trump change the act of the abortion and it considered as the illegal process, and penalty will be done to those women, who choose the abortion.

 In the developing countries such as India where rape rate is very high, the victim is surviving in the critical situation, the laws are made to give the right and facilitate the safe abortion of t the victim of rape. The sex selection abortion is prohibited in different regions of Asia because it disturbed the ratio of the female to the male (Shah).

Conclusion of For and Against Abortion

Abortion is the medical facilitation to avoid the birth of children. It is the complex and controversial problem to the different countries. The abortion used as the tool for the unwanted and planned pregnancy, there are many reasons behind the abortion, these reasons are based on the socio-economic factors, moral and cultural of the society. Abortion is legal as well as illegal in the different countries of the world. Abortion is commonly used in the rape cases. It is the legal right of the rape victim to use the abortion for the survival and sustain the life.

Annotated Bibliography of For and Against Abortion

The political situation and economic condition of the U.S is declining, it will allow the woman to seek the option of abortion. The baseline quantitative and qualitative study is developed. The data’s was collected from the 954 women from the five health centers. There are many reason related to the abortions. the main reason behind the abortion is financial reason of the child , about 40% of the results indicated that the financial problem is the main reason for the abortion in U.S. the other reason behind the abortion was the relationship between partners(31%), and the concentration on the other children is 29%.

The reason of behind the abortion is different from one person to other person, the factors are based on the individual characteristics, and the factors are included socioeconomic situations, health issues and marital status.  It is very essential for the policy makers to encourage the women for chose the abortion on their personal choices. The legal act is made on the basis of it (M Antonia Biggs).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3729671/

 There are many factors related to the unsafe practices of the abortion in the different region of the world, even those region where abortion is legal but tit practices are not available in the safe zone of the health measurements. The data is collected from those countries where the abortion is legal such as Colombia, South Africa, Nepal and Tunisia.  The date is collected on the socio economic parameters s the reasons why women denied abortion care facilities? About 2% women are facing the challenges in abortion and the ratio is high Tunisia and Nepal 26% and in the south Africa the ratio is highest about 45% women didn’t have the facilities of the abortion.

.the consequences related to the women health are very much challenging in these countries where the facilities are not provided for legal abortion process. The results suggested that the policies and health care program should be developed regarding to the health care facilities of the women who seek abortion. The awareness should be spreader with respect to the illegal and unsafe abortion practices that cause many issues related to the health risk facilities of the women (Caitlin Gerdts).

https://srh.bmj.com/content/41/3/161.short

Abortion is very common practices that is done in the South Africa and all over the world. Many researches show that about 1 in 5 pregnancies terminated into the induced abortion. In the many communities abortion is the medical facility that has given to improve the maternal health, if the risks are related to the health of the mother. Abortion consider as the illegal in the many cultures but this practice is legal related to the health concern of the public in many countries. In some region of the South Africa the abortion is conspired as the illegal and condemned by the government but in the private mode of life, it is sanctioned. To monitor the population, and the sexual behavior, government passed the laws to regulate the reproduction and population. The article relate the determinant of the abortion and its real practice in the South African region. Abortion is the legal practice from the 1996 in the South Africa. While the termination go the pregnancy is the illegal in the many countries. The options for the termination of the pregnancy decline the mortality rate that was caused by the illegal abortion procedures.  The rate of the mortality is increased in the case of the unsafe medical practices. Women have the right to terminate the pregnancies and used the legal and safe way to terminate the pregnancies.

(Hodes).

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2016.1133086

References of For and Against Abortion

Caitlin Gerdts, Teresa DePiñeres, Selma Hajri, Jane Harries, Altaf Hossain, Mahesh Puri, Divya Vohra, Diana Greene Foster. "Denial of abortion in legal settings." Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care (2015): 161-163.

Hodes, Rebecca. "The Culture of Illegal Abortion in South Africa." Journal of southern african studies (2016): 79-93.

M Antonia Biggs, Heather Gould, and Diana Greene Foster. "Understanding why women seek abortions in the US." BMC Womens Health. 2013 (2013).

Pandey, Kiran. Selective abortions killed 22.5 million female foetuses in China, India. 18 April 2019. 2019.

Saseendran Pallikadavath, R. William Stones. "Maternal and Social Factors Associated with Abortion in India: A Population-Based Study." INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (2006): 120 - 125.

Shah, Payal. It’s time to end judicial authorization for abortion in India. 18 April 2019.