Abstract of Transforming Ideas to Innovations

This report discusses the case study that Kuwait has experienced a rise in temperature example, 1.50C to 20C and this is resulting in global warming and due to the petroleum refining network. There is also a significant change in rainfall patterns due to the effect of global warming impacts. Therefore, the petroleum refining network in Kuwait is analyzed that how global warming is taking place due to the production of carbon dioxide. Moreover, it is focused on analyzing the causes of global warming participation in Kuwait, that there is a need to focus on the carbon mitigation plans by policymakers so that there could be affected.

This report also discusses the criteria and constraints that can be involved while implementing carbon mitigation plans. The brainstorming is done for a possible solution. Moreover, there is a discussion regarding the advantages and disadvantages of each proposed solution and then there is the selection of the best three solutions. In the end, the conclusion is also given that initiative or strategy will be selected after analyzing the solution in the next report. 

Contents

2.      Design Overview 5

2.1.       Definition of the Problem.. 5

2.1.1.        Criteria. 5

2.1.2.        Constraints. 5

2.2.       Background Research. 5

2.3.       Brainstorming about the possible Solution. 5

2.3.1.        Advantages and Inconvenient of each solution. 5

2.4.       Selection of the Best Three Solutions. 5

3.      Decision Making Matrix 6

3.1.       Pairwise Comparison. 6

3.2.       Complete DMM table. 6

3.3.       Explain the best solution . 6

4.      Flowchart 7

5.      Conclusion 7

References

1. Introduction of Transforming Ideas to Innovations

 Kuwait is famous in requisites of oil-dependent countries; the country has a complex structure in the terms of petroleum refining network however, Kuwait has the three petroleum refineries and it is the host of 1000 Mbpd of crude oil. Moreover, the decision regarding the petroleum refining network is taken at the state level to clean fuel project in this way, there could be construction and decision to get oil from the new refining complex that is also 615 Mbpd. The country to clean fuels focus on the processing capacity sulfur and therefore, it results in the emission of the carbon dioxide (CO2). Thus, the existing refineries of Kuwait are the main sources of CO2; these can be the emissions from furnaces and heaters [1].

Other sources of carbon dioxide can be the emissions from the (NRP) new refinery projects, the impact of the energy supply units (fired heaters). Fired heaters are considered the main source of the carbon dioxide emissions sources as evaluated (62e75%). Form the final assessment it is known that total carbon dioxide in Kuwait is ranging from 12 to 25% because of the low sulfur clean fuel. The increase in the production of hydrogen results in an increase of the H2 carbon dioxide (CO2). Consequently, as analyzed in the case study given that Kuwait has experienced a rise in temperature example, 1.50C to 20C and this is resulting in global warming and due to the petroleum refining network. There is also a significant change in rainfall patterns due to the effect of global warming impacts. Moreover, it is focused after analyzing the causes of the global warming participation in Kuwait, that there is the need to focus on the carbon mitigation plans by policymakers so that there could be effectiveness (Al-Salem, 2015).

2. Design Overview of Transforming Ideas to Innovations in Kuwait

2.1.   Definition of the Problem

In Kuwait, the demand for petroleum refineries utility gases is enhancing because the business is profitable. However, the effects are worse because due to the increase in carbon emission there is global warming. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) and petroleum refineries utility gases are the intense processes and resulting in the GHGs, carbon dioxide (CO2). Thus, the carbon dioxide mitigation measures need to be taken properly so that there could be effective and people's health or temperature in Kuwait can be decreased. With the proper analysis of reducing the carbon application by industrial use is important to get the benefits (Kuwait Environment Public Authority, 2012).

Three petroleum refineries name Mina Abdullah (MAB), Mina Shuiba (SHU), Mina Al-Ahmadi (MAA), and these three petroleum refineries are resulting in carbon dioxide as 466 Mbpd, 200 Mbpd, and 270 Mbpd. It needs to be noticed that these refineries processing approximately 900 Mbpd due to acid gas removal and also hydrogen production. Moreover, the issues are there due to the reforming of steam-methane and also fluid catalytic cracking. Carbon reduction strategies are important in order to reduce the carbon footprint in Kuwait. There is the need to hinder future efforts and there is a need to enhance oil and gas recovery by taking the best initiatives by the petroleum downstream industry of Kuwait (Al-Salem, 2015).

2.1.1.  Criteria

The criteria to evaluate the best strategy to reduce the carbon dioxide from refinery projects will be evaluated based on the competency, cost, viability, desirability, alignment. The best strategy needs to be located among three of the final decision regarding the petroleum refining network based on the competency, cost, viability, desirability, alignment best strategy can be located and effective steps for implementation to support clean fuel projects can be concerned. Moreover, the existing refineries of Kuwait are the main sources of carbon dioxide and thus, locating the best strategy or solution can help carbon mitigation plans for policymakers.

Competency weighted rating or score will be 4 from which the evaluation of the proposed strategy will be done, for the cost score will be 2 from which the evaluation of the cost of the project will be done. However, the viability score will be 7 from which the evaluation of the proposed strategy will be done. Viability of higher scores because the viability of the proposed solution is a must.

Regarding the desirability, the score will be 8 from which the desirability of the proposed strategy will be done. The alignment will also be analyzed by a score of 4. The project that got the higher number and satisfies all the fields including the cost, future aspects, evaluation of the viability, desirability, the alignment will be selected for the implementation in Kuwait as it is the requisites of oil-dependent countries.

2.1.2. Constraints

There could be various constraints while managing the project as the motive is to reduce the GHGs, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, however, in this way, the temperature in Kuwait can be decreased. The constraint of the current project involves the scope, schedule, cost, etc. so while analyzing the possible solutions there is the need to do proper evaluation and analysis of reducing the carbon application by industrial use is important in order to get the benefits in terms of scope, schedule, and cost. The project's “effect of global warming impacts” limitations should be considered because the goals are expected to accomplish.

v  The three most significant project constraints can be the project’s schedule, as there is the need to specify the timeline in order to reach the final deadline before the completion. The timeline for every goal or task needs to be decided efficiently if one wants to reach the desired conclusion.

v  Then the Cost should be decided, and from the three alternatives, the best project with a suitable cost can be selected. The resources input, as well as the financial limitation or overall limit of the total amount,  should also be decided before the selection of the project.

v  Regarding the scope, specific goals of the desired solution need to access, there should be proper decision if the project requires more time and money. This management triangle will be involved in increasing the project scope and then the fast good and cheap will be considered for the implementation.

The proposed solution that satisfies all these requirements will be implemented so that solutions for the delivered quickly and inexpensively so that the global warming participation in Kuwait can be concerned and initiatives by the petroleum downstream industry of Kuwait can be taken.

2.2 Background Research of Transforming Ideas to Innovations in Kuwait

Kuwait is the oil-dependent country and there are the heat requirements. In Kuwaiti refineries heaters pose a major emission source for CO2; a collection of all the stack gases in current refineries is about carbon 25%. Kuwait has the three oil treatment facilities the nation has an unpredictable structure in the terms of oil refining systems and the major emanations from heaters and radiators. Carbon decrease techniques are significant so as to lessen the carbon impression in Kuwait. However, to discourage future activities related to the emission of bad substances in the air there is the need to improve oil and gas activities by the oil downstream industry of Kuwait.

Due to inefficient process operations, insufficient maintenance, inefficient energy system design, outdated technology petroleum downstream industry of Kuwait is facing challenges in and there is the need to reduce the carbon footprint through carbon mitigation strategies. In order to get oil from the new refining complex and for low sulfur clean fuel Kuwait need the expansion in the petroleum downstream industry but with the expansion of the H2, there are Ozone-depleting substances and an increase in the carbon dioxide (CO2) (Al-Salem, 2015).

The research focuses on the challenges in the petroleum downstream industry of Kuwait due to the CO2. The steps are recommended in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. With the optimization of refineries utilities there could be advance in the energy consumptions and better energy management strategies in order to leads refinery could be suggested. Moreover, there through a focus on the cost-effective operations best strategy can be followed (Kuwait Environment Public Authority, 2012).

2.3.   Brainstorming about the possible Solution

1.      Forests: Process of photosynthesis as trees inhale the carbon dioxide and remove oxygen gas.

2.      Farms: Producing farms can result in in-store carbon as soils naturally can be helpful in this way. Producing farms can eliminate a significant amount of carbon and can store more carbon therefore; governments and landowners should focus to create the right conditions to combat climate change by increases in soil carbon per acre.

3.      Carbon Capture and Storage with the help of Bio-energy:  Bio-energy would be helpful in planting trees or managing soils; Bio-energy can convert or change the garbage into fuel convert there is the need to convert wastes through integrating trees on farms. There should be the use of biomass for energy in the transportation sectors and the industrial sector.

4.      Direct Air Capture: Pump will catch the scrubbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and then store it in the underground chamber.

5.      Seawater Capture: Concentration in the ocean can reduce CO2. Air can result to regain balance in the water and can draw more carbon.

6.      Enhanced Weathering: The process is extremely slow for the geological timescale material that is involved in reacting with carbon dioxide naturally. This gas is converted into solid. The whole process is known as weathering [2]

2.3.1.   Advantages and Inconvenient of each solution

 2.4. Selection of the Best Three Solutions

It can be noted that carbon dioxide is extremely harmful to the environment. If this gas is present in an excessive amount in the atmosphere, so the temperature of the place will be increased. For the problem, there is a different way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. There are different solutions to remove this gas from the atmosphere. For that report, there is a need to give three important solutions for the required problem in Kuwait.

v  The first and most important solution is ‘increasing the rate of the forest’. The reason is that the plants are involved in removing carbon dioxide from the air in a proper way. This is because, in the morning, these trees or plants are involved in the process of photosynthesis. In that process, these trees inhale the carbon dioxide and remove oxygen gas, and that is good for us. If this country is involved in enhancing forests and expands it in a proper way, then it will be quite easy for them to remove this gas from the atmosphere.

v  After this, the next solution is related to the ‘increased rate of weathering in the air’. It can be noted that there is some material that is involved in reacting with carbon dioxide naturally. Through this reaction, this gas is converted into solid. The whole process is known as weathering. The whole process is extremely slow for the geological timescale. But for this problem, some scientist is working on increasing the speed of this process by introducing some catalysts that are good for carrying out this process. These scientists are working on improving the exposure of these materials in the oceans or air. This process may be like pumping the alkaline water from the surface of the water to the carbon dioxide gas that is present in the air.

v  The third solution is related to the ‘direct air capturing from the air’. In this process, the pump will catch the scrubbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and then store it in the underground chamber. This is one of the latest technologies that is used for expelling this gas from the atmosphere in a perfect way. For that technology, there is a need to develop a proper power plant that is involved in catching gas from the air. Then the main difference in this technology is related to the capturing of gas from the atmosphere. Moreover, one of the main problems of this plant is that this project is highly cost-effective and also energy-intensive. For applying this project, it is extremely difficult to pin down its real cost. 

3.    Decision Making Matrix of Transforming Ideas to Innovations in Kuwait

3.1. Pairwise Comparison

The reason is that for that solution, there is a need to develop a huge plant and a pump that will attract this gas from the air. From the given table, it can be seen that the feasibility of forest solution is high then the other proposed solution for the required problem. The main reason behind this is that expanding forests is quite easy for any country. Also, it is confirmed that the forest is involved in absorbing carbon dioxide.

3.2. Complete DMM table

 3.3. Explain the best solution

From the above table, it can be seen that the best solution for the required problem is making and expanding forests in that country. The best thing is that the proposed solution is cost-effective for all of them that are given in the table. It can be seen that there are about only 3 points are given in the cost column. This value is the least one of all of them. The cost of implementing a direct air capturing plant is extremely high.

For evaluating the other two solutions, it is not completely confirmed that the other two solutions would control the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. This is because applying weathering is an extremely slow process than the other two of them. This is why its feasibility rate is extremely low. Another best thing about the forest expanding is that trough this the rate of carbon dioxide can be controlled easily. Due to this, the forest is playing a major role in absorbing this gas from the air and store this gas into them and expel oxygen gas. The companies just have to collect required funds for removing this gas from the atmosphere and build a proper forest that will help to remove this gas.

 4. Flowchart

5.  Conclusion of Transforming Ideas to Innovations in Kuwait

Summing up all the discussion from above, it is concluded that oil refineries are increasing in that country. Due to this, the rate of carbon dioxide in the air is also increased. In that case, there is a need to solve this problem in an effective way. In that report, there is complete information about the solution that is required to remove this gas from the atmosphere. In the start, there are some proposed solutions are discussed in detail. If this gas is present in an excessive amount in the atmosphere, so the temperature of the place will be increased. The first and most important solution is increasing the rate of the forest. In that process, these trees inhale the carbon dioxide and remove oxygen gas, and that is good for us.

After this, the next solution is related to the increased rate of weathering in the air. The whole process is extremely slow for the geological timescale. But for this problem, some scientist is working on increasing the speed of this process by introducing some catalysts that are good for carrying out this process. The third solution is related to the direct air capturing from the air. In this process, the pump will catch the scrubbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and then store it in the underground chamber. Then after this, there is some information about the proposed solution for handling the main problem. In this report, growing and expanding forests in the country will remove the carbon dioxide problem. There is complete information about the reasons why it is the best solution to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

In the next section, there is proper information about the decision-making matrix for the evaluation of the best solution. There is also a flow chart that will explain how this solution will be implemented in a proper way for removing this gas from the country.

5.1. Difficulties that are encountered during the project

There are a lot of difficulties that are encountered by the team during the completion of the project. From them, one of the most important ones is related to find out the main reason for carbon dioxide. This is because the oil refineries are not only responsible for increasing the rate of carbon dioxide in that country. There are a lot of means that are combined together to increase the rate of carbon dioxide in the air. It was extremely difficult for the team to find out the reasons behind the increasing rate of carbon dioxide. Then the next problem was related to the best solution. For collecting different solutions, it is extremely difficult for our team.
 The reason is that there is a need to collect proper data about the related problem in a proper way. At the start, there is no proper data collected about the problem.

There was no proper data available for the required solution. Later on, there is another one of the huge problem faced by the team members related to the making decision-making model for the proposed solution. For designing the model, there is a need to find out the required criteria for the correct solution. It must be noted that the proposed solution is correct when it covers the main criteria of the model. This model is also discussing important points in a proper way. It was extremely difficult for the team to evaluate each and every point in a perfect way. The last difficulty is related to making a proper flow chart for the proposed solution. In that case, the team had worked really to find the right way to evaluate the flow chart of the required solution.

5.2. Changes that can be made for the future

There are some changes that should be made for the future of the problem. It can be noted that carbon dioxide is quite necessary for the plants and also the trees. Every year, the rate of pollution is increased. The main reason is that the number of oil refineries is increased after every year. Now there is a need for a proper solution to solve this problem in an efficient way. In that case, there is a need to find different ways of maintaining the climate in a proper way. Now it is the main duty for the government of the country that they must have to make different plants to stop this pollution rate in the country. The reason is that the excessive rate of carbon dioxide is not good for our health and also for the climate. There is a proper need to minimize that rate so it will be easy to control the rate of global warming in the world.

That is the reason why every country must have to think about the new technologies for removing this problem from their country. The proposed solution is beneficial, but it contains limitations that have been discussed in the above section. Due to such limitations in the proposed solution, there is a need to upgrade and find better means for completing future demand. For the future, the government and scientists must have to work on controlling the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. Due to this, there will be no effect on the ecosystem of any country.

5.3. Lesson learned from the project of Transforming Ideas to Innovations in Kuwait

There are many lessons that are learned from completing the project. From them, the first one is related to evaluating the problem. In the field, there is a need to evaluate different problems in the required system. The only person is able to do it quite perfectly that have problem-solving skills. Through completing the required project, it will be quite easy to gain such skills in an effective way. Another thing is relating to the evaluation of the best solution. It can be seen that there are many solutions to solving any problem. But the main point is to evaluate the best solution on the basis of the required skills.

 If a person has such skills of evaluating the best solution for the required problem, then it will be quite easy to handle any problem that occurred in the organization. The best point is that if any person is able to solve any kind of problem and give the best solution to the required problem. That person is best for any organization. Through this project, I have learned how to evaluate and find the best solution for the required problem.

 References of Transforming Ideas to Innovations in Kuwait