Functions and responsibilities of leaders and managers lead to effective and desired outcomes of a company and can be the progressive accomplishment of work done by them with accomplished strategies. Management is having its different functions with its different traits and various leadership styles that can provide proper assistance to managers to accomplish their set goals and objectives that can lead the functioning of an organization at the top level (Ghasabeh, Sayyadi, & Reaiche, 2015). Toyota is facing certain challenges such as high process of fuels, equipment and materials that are continuously increasing and these situations can have impact on effective implementation of functions of managers and techniques of leaders and they are motivated to plan and implement various strategies that can handle these rising problems and can establish sales and revenues of the company with fewer problems.

There are different theories of management that are implemented by leadership techniques that are making progress in a company related to all of its operations. All of the management theories are being focused by Toyota’s operational management department and it also combines skills of leaders to reduce manufacturing cost. Toyota applied the contemporary theory of management that is dealing with the existing scenarios such as an increased level of cost of purchase and manufacturing. The selection of suppliers is a strategy that can be paned by managers that can deal with the problem of high cost as the raw material can be provided at low cost by these suppliers (Anantatmula & Vittal, 2010). Leaders of Toyota continuously motivate their workers to adopt advanced and new technologies so the cost of manufacturing can get lowered and resistance to change can be eliminated among the employees by developing surroundings of trust with efficient communication skills that can increase the trust of employees to perform better.  

There is a theory that aimed to focus on combined struggles of employees and managers and it is named as management by objectives in which coordination is done to better accomplish goals in an effective way. Standards of responsibilities are set when managers work with the workers and leaders direct the responsibilities of employees so they can be continuously motivated to perform better and can lead work in a progressive way.

Classical management theory is also in work in Toyota where polices are established by managers that can lead to enhancement in productivity. KAIZEN strategies are developed by managers of a company in which there is continuous improvement in efforts of employees as well as managers so production activities can be better and participative style of leadership can be applied in it so there can be improved input of managers and employees in decision for reducing cost and production in this way can made much better.

In Toyota, another theory applied is behavioral theory in which managers follow all of the policies that are effective and the skills of employees are also considered in it. Transformational style is used by leaders in which leaders can communicate with employees and all of the policies are described well to workers in an effective manner so they can perform better for the development of the company (Shim & Steers, 2012).

Contingency theory is also applicable in this organization that focuses on variations in strategies according to the changes in the surrounding. An important role is played by leaders in which they motivate employees to develop changes in the process so they can move from challenges that were consistent in the market. Increased manufacturing cost is considered by managers of Toyota and they applied this theory to develop a change in processing activities so they can low the increased level of prices of materials and equipment that are delivered by suppliers. Policies of companies are also changed according to the requirement in the operation and production department.

P3 Apply various theories and models of approach

There are different leadership styles that are adopted by companies according to their requirements. Situational leadership relates to the styles of leadership in which occupied variation of leadership is dependent on professional skills and key techniques of employees according and tasks are assigned to employees according to their skills and capabilities. There can be a significant impact on the operational management of Toyota as this leadership style is having a significant impact on it because different leadership styles are adopted by leaders according to the existing situations that lead them to deal in a more effective way (Heller & Darling., 2012). In the existing situation of the organization it is facing the issue of the increased cost of resources; there can be a reduction in this challenge by adopting a situational leadership style because the situation is dealt according to the desired requirements.

Another leadership style named as system leadership is applied in Toyota in which working condition of employees can be controlled effectively by leaders and they can successively communicate the conditions of the company and can train and establish employees according to work requirements of the company such as it is required by company to develop changes in the operations of it and required to implement strategies and policies for accomplishment of KAIZEN and train the employees for improvement of activities in operational department that are concerned with the manufacturing and processing of cars in reduced cost (Pongpearchan & Purit, 2016). Operational issues can successively sort out by effective management of goals and it can happen by including employees in the decision-making process. They must include employees as it can provoke new ideas and can increase the motivation of employees. There is coordination among managers and employees so they can accomplish the assigned task in an effective and progressive way. Management of goals approach can motivate employees that bring them to perform better because of the increased feeling of their value in an organization. They can perform better when they are motivated and their goals can get accomplished in a shorter period of time (Marksberry & Phillip, 2012). All of the prevailed changes in the market are under focus of chaos theory and it is a function of leaders and managers to show positive concern towards these established changes according to its requirement and make the company profitable and in process in that direction by reducing resistance created by these changes in the market.

Conclusion  of Leadership and management concept

This report is conducted to analyze the difference between managers working and leadership responsibilities. It can be concluded from this report that when there is an appliance of theories of management and different leadership styles according to theories, the company can develop better and effective results that can increase its further development. All of the theories of management are being focused in this report such as the contemporary theory that is concerned with the results of long term changes in an organization in which leaders are making their struggles in reducing all of the scenarios that can create resistance in way of an organization to change. There are some other theories that are also being discussed in this report that are classical and behavioral theories and various styles of leadership that is having a relationship with all of these theories.

References of Examination of examples of the role of a leader and a manager in various situational contexts 

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