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Essay on hepatitis c

Category: Physics Paper Type: Essay Writing Reference: APA Words: 2650

Introduction of hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is a chronic disease related to infection of the Liver. The situation has been self-limiting and it can also be lead to cancer of the liver. The virus of Hepatitis is the most common cause of having hepatitis all around the world. Hepatitis can also be caused by having any intoxication of substances (drug intake, use of alcohol) and other infections. Hepatitis is an autoimmune disease(Kimberlin, Brady, Long, & Jackson, 2018).

Risk factors of hepatitis

The virus of hepatitis can easily be spread through the contaminated water we drink. And it can also be drawn to eating unhealthy and unhygienic food. This Disease can also happen through vegetables, which were cultivated in polluted water. The virus can easily be transferred from body to mouth. And mainly be transferred from hand to mouth because hands are the central part of the body, which is directly getting in connection with the mouth(Kimberlin, Brady, Long, & Jackson, 2018). Get in contact with contaminated blood and uncleaned medical tools can also spread hepatitis C. and these viruses can easily be transferred from mother to his child and as well as tainted instruments of dental. Getting tattoos and pricing of different parts can also be lead to having hepatitis. it can also be transferred easily by getting in contact with blood. To avoid these Risk factors of having hepatitis humans should need to take precautions such as using sterilized tools or mainly use disposable things. And should wash their hands before and after eating or visiting any place(Murrell & Davis, 2017).

Types of Hepatitis

Hepatitis can be classified into five types A, B, C, D, E, to understand better about the condition of the disease. And these types have been of extreme distresses as they cause the liability of sickness and death and epidemic eruptions that they spread.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A can be presented in the faeces of infected individuals, and this can easily be converted through the ingestion of polluted water. And these types of infections were mild in some cases, but in many cases, it has a severe condition.

Hepatitis B

it can be converted through getting in connection with blood, and it is not as chronic and severe as the above one. And vaccinations are available to prevent HBV(Murrell & Davis, 2017).

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C has been typically diffused through acquaintance with infectious blood. And it is much less common, and there is no vaccine for HCV.

HEPATITIS C

Hepatitis C disease related to infection of the Liver. The virus of Hepatitis C can be spread through acquaintance with infectious blood. Hepatitis C was the most common and world-known type of Hepatitis. This can be deal with by having different treatments(Kimberlin, Brady, Long, & Jackson, 2018).

Stages of Hepatitis C

The stages of hepatitis C can be classified into different stages according to its intensity and duration, and these stages are as following:

Acute Hepatitis C: this stage can be referred to as illness for a short-time period, which continues only for 6 months when the virus enters the body of an individual. it will be a cure quickly.

Chronic Hepatitis C: acute hepatitis will be turned into chronic if it still remains in individuals' bodies more then six months and then it will turn in as Long-term infection.

Liver Cancer: the chronic condition of this will lead to a towArd having cancer of the liver, and this is the worse and uncurable stage of Hepatitis C(Kimberlin, Brady, Long, & Jackson, 2018).

Hepatitis C

Symptoms of Hepatitis C?

Hepatitis C is a viral infection that can cause inflammation of the liver and sometimes it leads to serious liver damage. The long-term infection because of the hepatitis C virus is called hepatitis C and it is usually due to silent infection until the whole liver is damaged because of virus that causes signs and symptoms of liver disease. The signs and symptoms of hepatitis include bruising, fatigue, bleeding, poor appetite, dark coloured urine, yellow discoloured eyes and skin that is jaundice, itchy skin, fluid buildup in the abdomen, swelling of legs, confusion, slurred speech, drowsiness, weight loss, and spider-like blood vessels in the skin. The other symptoms of acute hepatitis C infection include sore muscles, joint pain, nausea, poor appetite, and stomach pain(Abdeldayem, Elshaarawy, & Salman, 2015).

How anyone gets Hepatitis C?

There are many reasons through which anyone can get Hepatitis C. The first way by which people get infected by hepatitis c is by sharing injection drugs. The people who take drugs through injections can pass on the hepatitis C virus by sharing injection & needles. Hepatitis C is also be passed on by birth. If the mother is infected with the Hepatitis C virus than it can pass this virus to his/her child. Hepatitis C can also be passed on to another person if personal care items are shared with other persons which include nail clippers, razors, toothbrushes etc. If the act of tattooing or piercing is done with unclean equipment than the chances of getting Hepatitis C are quite higher(Kimberlin, Brady, Long, & Jackson, 2018).

However, Hepatitis C cannot be passed on through coughing and casual contact with people. Through hugging and mosquito bites Hepatitis C cannot be passed on to other people. With sneezing, sharing utensils and foods Hepatitis C cannot be passed on(Abdeldayem, Elshaarawy, & Salman, 2015).

Advance hepatitis C Symptoms

The acute phase is the initial cause for the infection of chronic hepatitis C. If the symptoms are not diagnosed the acute hepatitis C become worse. The acute symptoms of hepatitis appear after one or three months after the exposure of the virus. The symptoms last for the two weeks to three weeks. Acute hepatitis C infection is not always a chronic issue. Some of the people having clear HCV in the body are facing the acute phase even after spontaneous analysis of viral clearance(Kimberlin, Brady, Long, & Jackson, 2018). The research conducted in the previous analysis diagnosed rate of acute HCV that varied from 15% to 25%. The response rate for acute hepatitis changes in antiviral therapy. Hepatitis C at the acute stage does not show any symptoms, however, the condition of the health can be changed and escalate to the chronic stage. At the chronic stage the potentially fatal complications can be developed in the patients(Murrell & Davis, 2017).

1.      In the case of acute hepatitis C, infection at the early stage is not diagnosed because of lack of definitive symptoms. The analysis average time frame is measured by the noticeable symptoms between 4 to 15 weeks.

2.      The HCV becomes intense chronic when the virus remains stuck in the blood vessels for the six months. The HCV virus can be detected after testing and diagnosis is confirmed. The infection caused by the virus will not resolve without treatment and proper medication(Abdeldayem, Elshaarawy, & Salman, 2015). The main symptom of chronic hepatitis C is ongoing episodes of abdominal pain, aching joints, and persistent fatigue. After 25 to 30 years, the infection and chronic disease can cause significant scarring, fibrosis, and swelling of the liver. The whole liver becomes scarred and the progress is to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. The overall health of the infected individual can be determined by the damage and progression of cirrhosis. The genotype of the virus has no significant role in the physical health of the individuals(Gish, Cohen, O.M.D., & Doner, 2001).

Risk Factors Regarding Hepatitis C

The HCV virus cause Hepatitis C and the virus are transmitted through the contact of blood to blood interaction. The virus is inactive when it enters in the living cell of the host. The virus replicates in the body and infection cause duplication of virus and circulation of the virus in the body. The virus circulates in the body through the blood circulation and causes a big risk to the health of the individual. The biggest risk factor for the infected HCV cells is sharing blood with others and sharing equipment and needle to inject drugs. HCV cannot be transmitted by having casual contact, mosquito bites, sharing food, and respiratory droplets(Kimberlin, Brady, Long, & Jackson, 2018). The speck of blood is relatively very small,and it is not viewable to the naked eye and carry hundreds of virus particles of hepatitis C. It is important to clean the needle with the alcohol and rinse with water or soap. The needle and springe air dry can be used to kill the virus. Once the virus of disease is injected into the body and it leads to infection. Injecting drugs in the body can cause 67 per cent of global cases. The centres for disease control (CDC) worked on the disease and identified different factors that can lead to the greatest risk related to HCV exposure. The risk factors are measured in the patient being born between 1945 and 1965, received an organ transplant, transfusion before 1992, injectable drugs, haemophilia, and long-term hemodialysis(Gish, Cohen, O.M.D., & Doner, 2001). The other risk factors are exposure to the needle, being incarcerated, and snorting drugs. The other risk factors associated with the hepatitis are listed below,

1.      Snorting drugs

2.      Long term use of alcohol

3.      Unexplained liver disease

4.      Risky sexual behaviours

5.      Unprotected intercourse with intravenous drug

6.      Haemophilia

7.      Long term hemodialysis

8.      Transfusion and transplant of the organs

9.      Being incarcerated

10.  Patients having parents with HCV infection

Diagnostic & Testing of hepatitis C

Very often it is observed that HCV is overlooked and mistaken for the less severe viral illness. The infection is rare to be diagnosed during the acute phase of the problem. The initial stage to diagnose hepatitis C is to identify the immune system of the person suffering from the disease. The HCV responds to the infection and the identified ratio of the cases is 20 per cent. The remaining 80 per cent of the cases are identified as a chronic disease. It becomes possible to spread HCV to other living beings without even noticing the situation(Abdeldayem, Elshaarawy, & Salman, 2015). The screening test is used to identify the disease and CDC that have measured the risk level of the people. The patients and other people can use the HCV by using the simple blood test that is also screening of the HCV antibody system. The rapid test is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and it takes only a few minutes to consider the whole situation of the patient. The negative test results show that the person has no issue and he was not previously exposed to the disease. On the contrary, the positive test means that the person has been exposed to the HCV but at the moment it is not necessarily proven with the ongoing infection. All the positive reports of the HCV antibody test results will lead to the second blood test that is known as HCV RNA (PCR)(O'Hehir & Sheikh, 2016). The test analysis is used to identify whether the virus is still present in the body and blood or not. The person having positive PCR must discuss with the liver specialist and the service provider to treat HCV. It is important that in case of positive test results the person suffering from it will always remain HCV positive even if the virus is present or not. In the diagnosis, once the chronic infection is confirmed it shows that the genotype virus is identified in the testing. The testing process determines the percentile cure rate and it depends on the length of treatment and preferred medication process. In some cases, the liver biopsy is recommended by the liver specialist to identify the severity of the disease and to find the stage of the disease. The test measure staging and degree of fibrosis and evaluate the extent of liver damage(Gish, Cohen, O.M.D., & Doner, 2001).

Treatment & Medication

Currently, the treatment of chronic hepatitis C is the combination of medications that must be followed properly. The genotype of the virus that is responsible for hepatitis is the main determining parameter for the medication and duration of treatment(Kimberlin, Brady, Long, & Jackson, 2018). One of the most prevalent types of genotype is 1a in the united states and presently there is a number of the treatment process that is recommended by the doctors and specialists. These treatment processes are a combination of powerful antiviral medications. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are simple and possible agents for the treatment of HCV. The medication works for the targeting of specified steps in the HCV life cycle and it disrupts the reproduction that becomes viral for the cells. Before the use of DAAs, the other treatment strategy used by the specialist was uncomfortable as well as lengthy and the cure rates were also less. The use of DAAs improved the treatment and cure rates up to 90 per cent. In this case, the average duration of treatment reduced to 8 or 12 weeks(Allam, 2017). The medication is well tolerated and has no side effects such as fatigue and headache. The cost of HCV is $100,000 and DAA combination therapy is used to approve coverage that is required. The chronic HCV is used to reduce the development of complications and it works to improve and resolve the life-threatening circumstances. After identification of chronic HCV, the patient must overcome the complications and they need approval for the complete coverage. The best course of action to treat the patient of HCV is to treat him or her before the disease develops complications and progresses.  The care to overcome the HCV is to consider the risk-based screening, outlook for the prevention of serious liver complications, well-tolerated treatment continuously, and taking care of the infection to overcome the disease. (Webmd. com, 2019)

Prevention for hepatitis C

In order to prevent the hepatitis C, it involves the limiting exposure of virus. The virus should not transmit in the blood by any infected blood exposure. The other way of prevention is to stay away from sharing needles and having contact with any blood related things of others (Mayoclinic. org, 2019). After the identification, the patients and people must receive the vaccines of hepatitis A and B. The lifestyle of the infected person must be changed to promote the optimum liver health. The issues that can increase the chance of hepatitis include smoking, obesity, diabetes and alcohol consumption that can increase the liver scarring rate (Murrell & Davis, 2017). The individuals suffering from HCV infection must maintain good health by taking valuable initiatives that are listed below,

1.      Avoided smoking

2.      Maintain the ideal weight as recommended by doctor and specialist

3.      Manage the health issues

4.      Abstain from all type of drugs and alcohol

All the considerations are required to prevent the individuals from Hepatitis. In case of having hepatitis, the patient must do required care and treatment.

References of hepatitis

Abdeldayem, H., Elshaarawy, A., & Salman, T. (2015). Recent Advances in Liver Diseases and Surgery. Book on demand.

Allam, N. (2017). Advances in Treatment of Hepatitis C and B. BoD – Books on Demand.

Gish, R., Cohen, M. R., O.M.D., L. A., & Doner, K. (2001). The Hepatitis C Help Book: A Groundbreaking Treatment Program Combining Western and Eastern Medicine for Maximum Wellness and Healing. St. Martin's Press.

Kimberlin, D. W., Brady, M. T., Long, S. S., & Jackson, M. A. (2018). Red Book 2018: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. American Academy of Pediatrics.

Mayoclinic. org. (2019). Hepatitis C. Retrieved from www.mayoclinic.org: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-c/symptoms-causes/syc-20354278

Murrell, D., & Davis, K. (2017). Everything you need to know about hepatitis C. Retrieved from www.medicalnewstoday.com: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/294705.php#takeaway

O'Hehir, R. E., & Sheikh, A. (2016). Middleton's Allergy Essentials. Elsevier.

Webmd. com. (2019). Hepatitis C Symptoms and Early Warning Signs. Retrieved from www.webmd.com: https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/understanding-hepatitis-c-symptoms

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