Report on Frequencies of Determinants of Consumers’ Preference for E-shopping in Saudi Arabia

This paper presents the two types of statistics, i.e. inferential and descriptive analysis, to precise the relationship between the dependent and independent variables that how awareness and perceived usefulness, promotion and low prices, delivery cost, accessibility, and visual marketing effects the e-shopping by applying descriptive and correlation analysis.

Table 1.

 Interpretation: The above shows the frequencies of gender, it can be observed that total of 132 individuals responded to the survey; 72 respondents were males (54.5 percent of total respondents) and 60 respondents were females (45.5 percent of total respondents).The above table shows the frequencies of age; total of 5 groups of age was defined, and most of the respondents belong to the age group between 26 and 35, i.e. 48 respondents and 36.4 percent of total respondents. Only 5 respondents belong to age group more than 55 years, i.e. 3.8 percent of total respondents.

The above table represents the marital status of the respondents; 62.9 percent of the total respondents are married i.e., 83 respondents and 37.1 percent of respondents are unmarried i.e., 49 respondents. The above table represents the monthly income; it can be observed that most of the respondents belong to income group between 5,000 - 9,999 SAR i.e. 46 out of 132 respondents and 34.8 percent while the least number of employees belong to income group less than 5,000 SAR and more than 15,000 SAR i.e. 12.9 percent and 17, 17 out of 132 respondents.

1.2         Descriptive Statistics of Determinants of Consumers’ Preference for E-shopping in Saudi Arabia

Table 2.

 Interpretation:  The above table represents the summary statistics of dependent and independent variables containing the number of observations, minimum data value, maximum data value, mean value, and standard deviation. It can be observed that all of the variables contains 132 number of observations; the minimum data value of e-shopping, awareness and perceived usefulness, delivery cost, and accessibility is 2.00, while minimum value of promotion and low prices and visual marketing is 1.33 and 1.50 respectively. In addition, the maximum value of all variables is 5.00. The data shows that e-shopping has minimum mean value i.e. 3.8773 and the rest of the variables have means value around 4.1. Following the mean values, promotion and low prices have highest value of standard deviation i.e. 0.82161 while accessibility has lowest value of standard deviation i.e. 0.64998.

1.3         Reliability statics of Determinants of Consumers’ Preference for E-shopping in Saudi Arabia

Table 3.

Interpretation

This table representing the reliability and inconsistency of the data that is conducted from the respondents after analyzing the literature review of the various authors. The literature review also measures the impacts of the consumer’s behaviors on E-shopping and there are several factors that are analyzed in this study and these all factors are affection the E-shopping. The value of the Chron bach’s Alpha in this table represents the consistency of data. The Chron bach’s Alpha value for E-Shopping is 0.828 it shows the data is highly reliable because the value is greater than 0.7. The Chron bach’s Alpha value for three variables Promotion and Low Prices, Delivery Cost and Accessibility is less than 0.7 which shows data is moderately reliable for further analysis.

1.4         Factor Analysis

The tables of the factor analysis are to larger due to this. All of these tables are not composed in this file. These tables are given in the appendix.

1.4.1        E-Shopping of Determinants of Consumers’ Preference for E-shopping in Saudi Arabia

Table 7.

Factor Analysis is better explained with the help of tables given below:

Generally, in the factor analysis, the KMO is used to measure the adequacy of the sampling. It also utilized to measure either the response is adequate or not. It must be round about the 0.5 according to its satisfactory analysis. The Adequacy of the variables is recommended greater than 0.5. The value of the KMO is 0.775 it means responsible for this variable is adequate.  The significance level of Bartlett's Test of Sphericity test is less than 0.05. It shows the correlation matrix is not an identity matrix (see in Appendix).

1.4.2        Awareness and Perceived Usefulness

Table 8.

In this table of the Component Matrix, the loadings of the factors are represented and it also shows extracted values of each item in this variable of Awareness and Perceived Usefulness. For the four questions of these variables, one factor is extracted. There are several other factors that are contributing to this variable, and it also referred as the higher absolute value of loading. In this matrix the four items are divided into two components. The loadings are represented by the gap in the tables, which are less than 0.5, and due to this to read the table can be easier.

Generally, in the factor analysis, the KMO is used to measure the adequacy of the sampling. It also utilized to measure either the response is adequate or not. It must be round about the 0.5 according to its satisfactory analysis. The Adequacy of the variables is recommended greater than 0.5. The value of the KMO is 0.476 it means responsible for this variable is adequate because it is roundabout 0.5.  The significance level of Bartlett's Test of Sphericity test is less than 0.05 it shows correlation matrix is not an identity matrix (see in Appendix).

1.4.3        Promotion and Low Prices

Table 9.

 In this table of the Component Matrix the loadings of the factors are represented and it also shows extracted values of each item in this variable of Promotion and Low Prices. For the three questions of these variables, one factor is extracted. There are several other factors that are contributing to this variable, and it also referred as the higher absolute value of loading. In this matrix the four items are divided into two components. The loadings are represented by the gap in the tables, which are less than 0.5 and due to this to read the table can be easier.

 Generally, in the factor analysis, the KMO is used to measure the adequacy of the sampling. It also utilized to measure either the response is adequate or not. It must be round about the 0.5 according to its satisfactory analysis. The Adequacy of the variables is recommended greater than 0.5. The value of the KMO is 0.480 it means responsible for this variable is adequate because it is roundabout 0.5.  The significance level of Bartlett's Test of Sphericity test is less than 0.05. It shows the correlation matrix is not an identity matrix (see in Appendix).

1.4.4        Delivery Cost of Determinants of Consumers’ Preference for E-shopping in Saudi Arabia

Table 10.

In this table of the Component Matrix the loadings of the factors are represented and it also shows extracted values of each item in this variable of Delivery Cost. For the three questions of these variables two factors are extracted. There are several other factors that are contributing to this variable, and it also referred as the higher absolute value of loading. In this matrix, the four items are divided into two components. The loadings are represented by the gap in the tables, which are less than 0.5, and due to this to read the table can be easier.

 Generally, in the factor analysis, the KMO is used to measure the adequacy of the sampling. It also utilized to measure either the response is adequate or not. It must be round about the 0.5 according to its satisfactory analysis. The Adequacy of the variables is recommended greater than 0.5. The value of the KMO is 0.694 it means responsible for this variable is adequate because it is around 0.5.  The significance level of Bartlett's Test of Sphericity test is less than 0.05 it shows the correlation matrix is not an identity matrix (see in Appendix).

1.4.5        Accessibility of Determinants of Consumers’ Preference for E-shopping in Saudi Arabia

Table 11

 In this table of the Component Matrix, the loadings of the factors are represented, and it also shows the extracted values of each item in this variable of Accessibility. For the three questions of these variables two factors are extracted. There are several other factors that are contributing to this variable, and it also referred to as the higher absolute value of loading. In this matrix the four items are divided into two components. The loadings are represented by the gap in the tables, which are less than 0.5 and due to this to read the table can be easier.

 Generally, in the factor analysis, the KMO is used to measure the adequacy of the sampling. It also utilized to measure either the response is adequate or not. It must be round about the 0.627 according to its satisfactory analysis. The Adequacy of the variables is recommended greater than 0.5. The value of the KMO is 0.627 it means responsible for this variable is adequate because it is roundabout 0.5.  The significance level of Bartlett's Test of Sphericity test is less than 0.05. It shows the correlation matrix is not an identity matrix (see in Appendix).

1.4.6        Visual Marketing

Table 12

 In this table of the Component Matrix the loadings of the factors are represented, and it also shows extracted values of each item in this variable of Visual Marketing. For the five questions of these variables one factor is extracted. There are several other factors that are contributing to this variable, and it also referred to as the higher absolute value of loading. In this matrix the five items are divided into one component. The loadings are represented by the gap in the tables which are less than 0.5 and due to this to read the table can be easier.

1.5         Regression analysis

Table 4.

Table5.

Table 6.

Interpretation

For constructing the regression equation of the least square, it has found a =0. 054 and b = .123, -.467, .512, .80, and 10 in the regression analysis of the coefficient table. The regression equation for the least square is;

Y = .054+ .123X1+.467x2+.467?+.512?+.80?+.10

In the above-given analysis the value of the coefficient of the variables is representing that there is positive relationship between all independent variables and dependent variable (E-Shopping). It shows by enhancing the input the output will be increased automatically. The level of the significance for all variables is highly significant except for one variable (Visual Marketing). Because the value of Visual Marketing is 0.503, and it greater than 0.05meanwhile the values for several other variables are 0.000, and these are less than 0.05. It shows all of the independent variables have positive significant relationship with the dependent variables.

The module summary table represents the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable, and in this table the value of the Adjusted R square 0.965, which shows due to the 1% change in independent variables, the dependent variable E-shopping will be changed96%.  It means by enhancing all of these factors, the trend of the E-shopping can be increased.

The F statistic is the regression mean square (MSR) divided by the residual mean square (MSE). If the significance value of the F statistic is small (smaller than say 0.05), then the independent variables do a good job explaining the variation in the dependent variable. The significance value of the F statics is 0.000.

If the significance value of F is larger than say 0.05, then the independent variables do not explain the variation in the dependent variable, and the null hypothesis that all the population values for the regression coefficients are 0 is accepted. After checking for the model fit, we might want to know the relative importance of each IV in predicting.

DV. The unstandardized (B) coefficients are the coefficients of the estimated regression model.