Report on Design methodology criteria of Smart-SCCS Ontology Modelling

As with other aspects of this research, it was important to establish a series of criteria to be used to evaluate choices throughout the design of the framework. The list below represents a series of ontology design criteria originally proposed by Gruber (Gruber, 1995). As can be seen, the criteria identify several important characteristics of an ontology. For this reason, the design criteria were adopted to serve as a framework for making key decisions throughout the design and development of the Smart- SCCS Ontology. Furthermore, the criteria will also be used to evaluate the ontology.

·         Clarity:the model of ontology would be considerd effective for the users as well as it has an effct on the communication and he provides the meaning that ontology has ben clear in his use as well as it would be favourable for natural language.

·         Coherence:it is the most significant way to investigate the consistency of the model and the ontology has the authorisational intervention which would be remain similar with the definitions. .

·         Extendibility:the model of ontology can be renovate to provide the consumers with their uses as well as vocuablar. It also gives a base for the concept of a range of predicted errands, and the presentation of these models can be constructed one on one so that one can encompass and focus the monotonically of ontology. In other words, one should be able to define new terms for special uses based on the existing vocabulary, in a way that does not require the revision of the existing definitions.

·         Minimal Encoding Bias:Encoding bias should be minimized, because knowledge sharing agents may be implemented in different representation systems and styles of representation.

·         Minimal Ontological Commitment:An ontology should require the minimal ontological commitment sufficient to support the intended knowledge sharing activities.

 5.1 Ontology Development Environment

The following subsections describe in details the ontology tools that have been chosen for the development of the Smart- SCCS ontology.

5.1.1   Protégé ontology editor and knowledge management system

The Smart-SCCS ontology has been developed using the Protégé⁸ OWL editor and knowledge management framework for building intelligent systems, version 5.5. Protégé is a type pf software which provides a bendable as well as an open-source policy,and this software can be  fascinated by the Stanford University. As it was mentioned in the Model-Driven Engineering and Ontology Development book, Protégé can be referred to as the  important engineering instrument of ontology(Gaševic, Djuric and Devedžic, 2009, p194). The portege device contained the potent society which gives thethat can be thousands of users fluctuating from theoretical, administration as well as commercial users.Protégé can be manufactured in Java which support the language ontology of  OWL (Natalya F. Noy et al., 2003). The use of OWL would be essential because it gives the permission of dissemination of ontological knowledge (Knublauch et al., 2004). The editor of ontology gives a graphical user interface to express ontologies, which provides easy integration of a set of tools to build and edit the ontology of constructed domain models and knowledge-based applications, i.e. it supports the creation, visualisation, and manipulation of ontologies in various representation formats (Gennari et al., 2003; Rodríguez-Valenzuela et al., 2013). Protégé was the chosen ontology editor for developing the smart-SCCS as it was found to provide a flexible base for quick ontology development and most importantly It also offers a user-friendly interface and a well-supported document and error-checking mechanism (Natalya F Noy et al., 2003). The following table 5.x describes and compares five ontology-editors software tools available for building a semantic web. They are Apollo¹⁸, OntoStudio¹⁹, Protégé, Swoop²⁰ and TopBraid²¹ Composer Free Edition (Alatrish, 2013). The structure and basic features of these editors are described, as well as the way they are used. The main criterion for comparison of these editors was the convenience for user and possibility to apply in different kind of applications.

It has been vital that manufacturing of ontology can be work on the principle of ad-hoc perspective. As well as there were many other ways availabke that can be used as variabkes in the ontology. And they will perform better for the management of the task that can be projected has been available easily and work effectively to maintained and articulated in a well manner. The ontology modelling is based n the logical concept,but despite from this model also works on the reality approach in the life of an indiviual.in the discussion various methods of ontology can also be mentioned.

Table X 

5.4.2   Modelling Ontologies in protégé

There were two main domains of modelling Ontologies in protégé, namely, Protégé Frames Editor¹⁰, and Protégé OWL Editor. Each one of these modelling techniques has its own user interface and features, as follows:

·         The frame-based model provides the opportunity to their users to construct and settle ontologies on the basis of frames, while the other method of Open Knowledge Base enables the protocol connectivity (OKBC)¹².

-        Modules

-        Slits can be given to explain the connection and features

-        Occurrences for seminar 

·         Protégé OWL Editor also gives the technologies of ontology for the systematic Web, specifically with OWL schema.

-        Modules

-        Possessions

-        Cases

-        Rational

As we are dealing with data from different sources such as educational, health and social care, we prefer to work with Protégé-OWL editor for semantic web applications, as it provides an expressive way during the manufacturing of Ontology. Protégé-OWL editor also enables developers to edit and visualise programs, possessions, occurrences (individuals) and define their logical and relationship without any programming code.

5.2  Visualisation tools of Smart-SCCS Ontology Modelling

The main aim of the tool of visulaization ontology can be offten to demonstrate the main approaches behind the  systematic framework of ontologies at the level language of OWL concepts despit from  presenting the acquaintance which was protected by the ontology. The authors of the articled “An Ontology visualisation approaches and trappings: as a study of state of the art” (Dudáš et al., 2018). Have provided a comprehensive survey of the ontology visualisation tools available up to date. The utensils are analysed for the used visualisation methods, communication procedures and reinforced ontology constructs.  The following section describes OWLViz and ontoGrap user-oriented visualisation tool plugin that has been imported into protégé OWL editor for the visualisations of the implemented ontologies.

5.2.1    OWLViz of Smart-SCCS Ontology Modelling

OWLViz⁹  is a visualisation plugin bundled, which was developed as part of the CO-ODE project¹¹  by Matthew Horridge at the University Of Manchester.  OWLViz is integrated with Protégé version 3 and above to visualise OWL ontologies graphically (Knublauch and Horridge, 2004). It’s a visualisation method that exhibitions the modules and their relationship with the layers of tree interconnection.  These techniques can be able the ontology OWL to be seemed as as well as negotiated through different process, it also permit with the facilities of assertiveness as well as the classification of modules and the module interface categorization.  OWLViz had also provide the service to save both the stated and contingent views of the module categorization to various to make the graphics on the platform of svg as well as jpeg.

OWLViz made it happens to confront the all segments of the proclaimed and conditional module classification. These types of categorization would be seeing on altered tabs (Asserted Model for the asserted class hierarchy and Inferred Model for the inferred hierarchy). Each of the bar includes the top view , that can be presented on the and shown on the graphs as shown in Figure 5.x and Figure 5.xx, which shows a comparison between assorted  and inferred class hierarchy from part of the smart-SCCS ontology developed.

For both bars of models of ontology, there were tree-view technique can be presented for the classification AL models (like the traditional tree-view on the Protégé-OWL classes tab). These methods can make them happens because it’s easy to choose any category in the latest ontology. If these terms were still presented in the table of OWLViz visions, then the selection can be symbolized as a selection box which has been strained round the class. The colour coding of classes is the same as that used by the Protégé-OWL plugin. Primeval programs (classes that have no equivalent classes – or definitions) are coloured yellow (system classes and non-editable classes such as owl:Thing are shown in a paler yellow). Well-defined modules (classes that have at least one equivalent class) are coloured in orange.