This section of the
research study explores the information about the requirements that are related
to the developments of the websites. It leads towards the information that will
be used for developing the universal design of ICT in order to procure disaster
conditions such as; earthquakes. It includes the structure, color, and design,
contrast, and language of the website by which various persons can avail
beneficial information from this design.
This design of the ICTs will lead to the Pakistani nation towards greater
achievements by providing its unique qualities and information for the
precautions of the earthquakes. In this case, it will introduce the website
with the name of ABC that will be built by following the universal design of
ICT principles.
The website can only
be universally designed if it follows universal design principles.
Equitable Use of Universal Design of ICT in Earthquake Emergency
Management in Pakistan:
The design of the ABC should
be attractive to users, and it will be developed by considering the cases of
special people. So, it provides the same mean of use for all diverse people. It
means it would be referred to as the good product for the people who are
suffering from the problems of the color blind, the design of this website should
build by considering the viewing problems of diverse people. Particularly, this
website will use the product for people who are suffering from diverse
abilities (WOODWARD, 2017).
Flexibility in use of
Universal Design of ICT in Earthquake Emergency Management in Pakistan
The design of the
website or software ABC will be selected by considering the abilities and
preferences of the individuals. It will offer a wide range of designs in order
to accommodate its users, and ABC will be created according to the flexible use
of the users, and it will provide the accurate information to its visitors.
Simple and Intuitive Use of
Universal Design of ICT in Earthquake Emergency Management in Pakistan
The use of the design of the ABC will user-friendly; it will be easy to
understand as compare to the level of the current concertation of its users,
experiences of the user, language skills, and knowledge. The design of the ABC
will be created by considering the ease of the user. This site will be eye
attractive and user-friendly.
Perceptible Information of
Universal Design of ICT in Earthquake Emergency Management in Pakistan
The necessary information will be communicating to the user of the ABC
effectively as compare to the sensory abilities of the users as well as their
ambient conditions. The use of authentic information will be preferred only
while considering the design of ABC.
Tolerance for Error of Universal Design of ICT in Earthquake Emergency Management
in Pakistan
The adverse consequences of the unintended or accidental
actions and hazards will be minimizing
by the design of the ABC. The ABC will select that particular design that can
be beneficial for solving the issues of the various sever hazards.
Low Physical Effort of Universal
Design of ICT in Earthquake Emergency Management in Pakistan
The physical efforts are one of the most important things while designing
any site and software in order to provide the cure for any problem of society.
The design of the ABC can be used comfortably and efficiently by applying the
minimum amount of fatigue.
Size and Space for Approach and Use
In the design of the ABC, the particular and appropriate design, size,
and space are offered for the approach. By applying this, the person can reach,
manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility. The
appropriate font size will be used to design the ABC.
Non-text Content
of Universal Design
of ICT in Earthquake Emergency Management in Pakistan
Any kind
of the non-text content which is presented for the user should have alternative
text to provide information regarding the non-text content (W3 Org, 2010). The website should be accessible to all users. It is
nice if it follows all the WCAG 2.1 guidelines but, at least it should follow WCAG
“A” and “AA” guidelines. Accessibility of
the website could be tested by “Automated Accessibility Testing Tool” (PayPal, 2016), “Web Accessibility
Checker” (Web Accessibility Checker, 2011) , “Functional
Accessibility evaluate” (Illinois,
n.d.)
and “Accessibility Viewer” (Group,
n.d.)
tools to ensure the website is fully accessible.
2.
What is a suitable
universal design for such a system that is optimized for the situation in Pakistan regarding the availability
of ICT equipment and network?
Suitable
Universally designed system for Pakistan
The majority of elderly people cannot read or understand the English language.
The same case is for impaired people because no one supports them or bear their
expenses to study, so the ratio of educated impaired or disabled people is too
little. The most common physical disabilities in Pakistan are blindness,
deafness, crippledness, and dumbness (Ahmed, 1993). There is also a
majority of poor people in Pakistan that cannot afford educations and hence
cannot read or understand the English language. Almost all the Pakistani can
understand Urdu So, universally designed ICT website should have instructions
in both languages, i.e., English and Urdu. According to Pakistan
Telecommunication Authorities, 90% population of Pakistan use mobile phones for
daily communications. So, the universally designed website should be mobile
phone compatible as well, and hence it should follow WCAG mobile accessibility guidelines
as well.
Internet service is available almost all the area’s of Pakistan, but it
is expensive, and there are some area’s in Pakistan where internet speed is
quite slow so, its suitable to use the least amount of images and instructions
videos in universally designed system so that website can load easily in the
least amount of time. Audio Instructions for blind people should available on
demand. That is, user action should be required to download audio. Instead, the
browser loads it automatically with the loading of the page and consume internet
data and slows down the website to load. There is a huge amount of Pakistani
people who has low eyesight so webpage should be responsive and supports
zooming feature to make text content easily readable for low eyesight users.