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Report on E-Government Application and Usage in Abu Dhabi Distribution Co Opportunities and Challenges for the Business Environment

Category: Arts & Education Paper Type: Report Writing Reference: APA Words: 6000

Introduction of E-Government Application and Usage in Abu Dhabi Distribution Co Opportunities and Challenges for the Business Environment

            Every government needs to find ways for improving its efficiency and performance so that governance and delivery of services for the public are made better. There was time, when technology had no significant part to play in running the matters of government, and it was happening because the technology was not at an advanced level. However, information technology continued to make an impact on the lives of people in so many ways, and then a time came when governments also realized that they can use the essence of technology to make a difference in their governance structure to perform better while dealing with the citizens. The governments have a variety of options to integrate IT to form e-government, which can achieve so many things most efficiently and effectively. It is vital to keep in mind that when the e-government model is used by the governments, they can perform better than those governments, which does not consider the essence of information technology (Gauld, 2006). In this paper, the focus will be given to e-government and e-business by keeping Abu Dhabi Distribution Co in context, which is a project by the government of Abu Dhabi for the distribution and management of electricity and water. This is one of the unique e-governance models to be analyzed so that its valiant features and benefits can be found out.

Understanding E-Business and E-Government of E-Government Application and Usage in Abu Dhabi Distribution Co Opportunities and Challenges for the Business Environment

            A range of public policy trends has been noticed over a period, which continued to make an impact on the administration. It is important to know that e-government is one of those ideas, which is multifaceted, and it also can be applied in a variety of government situations. A lot of data and information have been produced over the years to show that e-government has a variety of benefits if it is properly implemented and used by the governments. When e-government model is used by the governments, then it means that they are using the essence of internet-based technology and features to come up with actions for making life easier and convenient, not only for businesses to make an interaction with the government but also with citizens to give them a better delivery of service. It has been observed that e-government has transformed the government all around the world in terms of improving their performance and delivery as significant improvements have been made by using the elements of e-government. The role of information and communication technology (ICT) is critical in the formation of e-government. The beauty of e-government is that government is not only able to improve its managerial perspective, but it is also able to improve its transformation and coordination process in so many ways (Gauld, 2006)

            It is a fact that there was a time when governments did not realize the benefits of using information and communication technology to improve their performance, but this has changed a lot in the last few years. A realization has been shown by the governments, not only in the developed world but also in the developing world, where both have tried to use ICT as a tool for an e-government structure. That’s why a lot of research has been done on the topic of e-government, and it is continued with full focus because there is a lot of offer by ICT for governments all around the world. The more involvement of governments in the e-government structure is also helping to analyze strengths and weaknesses. It means that great strengths are known, which can be used by every government, and weaknesses are also being identified, which means that governments can work on those improvement areas in the future. It is also vital to understand in the context of e-government that there are multiple factors, which can make an impact. The effectiveness of e-government has very much relied on the essence of social, political, cultural, as well as, legal factors of a country. If these factors are good enough to support the elements of e-government, then there is no hurdle in implementing an e-government model (Scholl, Nahon, Ahn, & Popova)

            The other vital aspect associated with the concept of e-government is the e-business. E-business is a major concept, which played a vital role in convincing governments that information and communication technology can be used in a variety of ways. E-business is a concept, which explained how the internet and information technology can be used to get things going in the modern technological era, where business dynamics have been changing due to the essence of technology. When every process of business is done through online channels using technology, the whole process is given the name of E-business. There is a significant role played by e-business in implementing e-government related services (Alshehri & Drew, 2010).

 It has been observed that when the e-business model was used in the e-government structure, it did not only come with so many benefits for the citizens, but governments also obtained so many benefits. The other important thing in this regard is the partnerships made by the e-government, with a variety of partners to improve the speed and efficiency of e-government. It means that e-government may not stand on its own without having these partners. For instance, if the government is using an e-government model for distributing service to its citizens, and the aim is to get payments through online channels, then the government will have to develop a Government-to-Business (G2B) partnership, where it will partner with a variety of online payment and transaction applications and companies to process the payments for the government so that they can get payments from citizens. So, this is how e-business and e-government models are linked with each other (Hadi & Nawafleh, 2012)

The Usage and Application of E-Government in ADDC of E-Government Application and Usage in Abu Dhabi Distribution Co Opportunities and Challenges for the Business Environment

            Abu Dhabi Distribution Co (ADDC) is one of the biggest distribution companies in the Middle East distributing electricity and water. ADDC is the subsidiary of the official Abu Dhabi Power Corporation, which is running under the supervision of the Department of Energy. The company started its operations in Abu Dhabi in 1998, and since then, it has achieved a lot with the help of technology. The main purpose of establishing this subsidiary was to integrate technology into the distribution process of water & electricity so that service delivery is made better in a variety of ways. The aim was to ensure that water & electricity suppliers are managed well so that citizens are provided with a quality of service as it is delivered by business organizations to their organizations.

The other purpose of applying the e-government model in the ADDC was to ensure that safety, health, and environmental standards are well managed without compromising on any of these standards. ADDC has used the essence of technology in its every process to make sure that service delivery is at the highest level, and more opportunities are found to keep things on the right track. The company had a great vision in mind, which is to become a leader in the field of water & electricity distribution across the globe by 2020, and they have very much been able to achieve that. The integrated, sustainable, and smart network developed by ADDC has been able to meet its strategic objectives, and if it will continue with its values of innovation, care, teamwork, ownership, and transparency, then it will continue to perform more efficiently in the future (ADDC.ae, 2020)

            ADDC was developed to serve people and society most sustainably and effectively and ADDC has been able to do so with the help of technology used in the concept of e-government. This project of ADDC shows the commitment of Abu Dhabi's government towards achieving sustainable development and smart planning. ADDC has used the essence of smart data and planning to improve the infrastructure of electricity and water distribution, which was based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS). It is important to mention here that a model of supply-demand was created by the water resource scientist to manage all the affairs of water & electricity distribution.

This model was used by ADDC to measure the demand from certain locations, which is more than the other locations, and this is how they knew the patterns to avoid any kind of shortage. This model has been developed to move forward in a direction, where smart governance is achieved in the distribution of resources promptly. The smart data and planning made by ADDC with the help of e-governance model, they have been able to achieve great efficiency, sustainability in a fast & intelligent manner (Meziani, 2016).

Three-dimension figure about E-Business of ADDC

 E-business is that kind of strategy that is going to be viral nowadays and which is going to meet up the needs and efficiency betterment demands of the companies. ADDC is using the e-business application as well as providing the eservice to customers or citizens where they can check the usage, manage their connections, update or change the details, pay bills and much more. E-business is the new strategy which is going to make the business workings more improved and making it more demanding in terms of allowing them to make the enhancements more groomed and more innovative. A lot of things are going to get things highly appreciated and well maintained as well. E-business is that kind of business work that works based on latest techniques and latest technologies that ADDC should adopt at any cost making the things more developed and more denuding for sure. Several methods are performed and evaluated in this regard allowing the techniques to be managed appropriately and to get advised more innovate and more appropriately for sure. (Moustaghfir, 2015).  ADDC E-business has three dimensions means E-business can provide help the ADDC business to grow more effectively and successfully in three directions regarding the things that it makes the worth of it more appropriate and more demanding for sure.

Controlling the outcomes need to be highly implemented and highly productive in terms of making things better and improved. In this manner, there must be an extremely fascinating and effective story can be shrouded as far as expanding the value of their organizations and different things that strongly affects the working procedure of the general public. In the European nations indirect normally have around three levels the underneath, above and centre degree of two distinct roadways. The indirect is likewise an option for the trades at the expressway and turnpikes. In roundabouts trades developed at the roadways, inclines to revolve on three unique levels. Roundabouts normally require the main development of three scaffolds. Hence, concerning the material and land devoured during indirect development cost, as a rule, bring about not exactly the other kind of trades. While then again, roundabouts have constrained limit that is not exactly different exchanges. In this way, roundabouts create traffic issues when the overwhelming progression of traffic goes to the roundabouts.

The methodology depends on the goals Race model incorporates a Dimensional model just as Chabot model to deliberately arrangement of town-by-town with its financial specialists on the global level. The control and activity plan manages the Gantt graph that shows every one of the activities and controls to take for overseeing the site design improvement and focusing on the financial specialists through the computerized promoting. (Zhang, 2014).

The Dimensioanl model deals with social media incredible powers for shaping the ADDC repute. The social media is dependent on a few factors on which the customers expose their behaviour and intensity to get involved in the charities. The customers and investors make new relations with the nonprofit organization the attributes of making the process transparent is highly considerable. Dimensioanl model is to share information with customers.

            The Dimensioanl model is base on honeybee characteristics like those that they team up in their defence. If the customers tend to buy the buying patterns, they should be treated for underlying assumptions. The consumers must be engaged through Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube along with search engine optimization so that at each media the website should be popped up. The desirability must be enhanced by village-by-village.  The Dimensioanl model consists of sharing, presence, relationship, identity, conversations, reputation and group is included to communicate with the customers (Dewan, 2012).

Three Dimensions

            In the dimensions of e-Business of ADDC, some major things included that makes the three dimensions. The dimensions of e-business of ADDC are: customer value requirements, business value requirements as well as process value requirements. The customer value requirements focus totally on to making and enhancing the value of customers by providing quality services and facilities through online platforms. Every business in the world wants to be successful and increase its economic value, ADDC is also mainly focuses on the requirements of making business value which through being more social. In the third dimension, the process of running business is included in which ADDC focuses, analyzes as well as bring improvements in the e-business.

Opportunities of E-government system

The computerized patterns have been expanding with the progression of time web-based life promoting and advanced advertising techniques are the most powerful and profoundly compelling. The computerized patterns are known as innovation news about the way of life, data from the sites, distributed news and audits, manages through pictures and recordings to recognize others. The advanced patterns of the organization are work through legitimate direct to improve the business. The sites are offering a wide exhibit of data about the poor living circumstances in the nation with the goal that various crowds can give and philanthropy for them. The advanced pattern intended for town-by-town remembers refreshing for the site and online philanthropy, gift framework through logins with the goal that an individual can give monetarily around the globe from anywhere. 

The inside investigation of the organization incorporates an examination of the organization to discover the present circumstance of the organization to expand greater philanthropy and raising money for flourishing. The inward and outside investigation shows that at present advanced patterns and computerized advertising at E-governments moderate level anyway it is required to improve the rating via web-based networking media through site improvement and use of models (Al-Sebie, 2015).

This study's significance includes the efficiency and self-efficacy of human being in terms of making the atmosphere more productive and sustainable. The scope of this study is enhancing a lot and it is making people realize the issues that they should do to avoid this issue and what should they do in terms of avoiding this issue, as this thing is not good for their lives. Many different things that make the working more approved and more successful in many of the times this makes the efficiency more innovative and ideal as well.

Measuring the results is the best aspect to know about the policies results. The framework of the arrangement for ADDC should be kept up well and that should be improved to turn out to be more overseen and ought to be as per the genuine transportation Acts Newly developed system installation happens in this step and with this project moves to production with means that components and data going to move from old to the new system. The end-users and system analyst see the results and implement the new change. Regular updates and maintenances must be required at regular intervals. The e-Business system for ADDC can tune in fine direction through end-users at this step. New capabilities, additional requirements and performance can be a boost at this step.

Raising money exercises are solidarity to satisfy the goals quick. Inner gift sources and solid subsidizing parties are another quality. Extraordinary administration in the town by the town is a significant quality. Gathering pledges exercises are solidarity to satisfy the goals quick. Inward gift sources and solid subsidizing parties are another quality. Incredible administration in the town by the town is a significant quality large number of difficulties solid gifts cannot come much of the time. Absence of humanitarian effort. Absence of compelling planning. Other not-for-profit associations with solid faithful contributors are a risk for town by town.  Other charitable associations with solid steadfast benefactors are a danger to the town by town. Network profile of philanthropy ought to extend alongside participations. Dangers are from outside sources. Danger to manage ordinary difficulties and absence of subsidizing. Chances of the town by town. Dangers are from outer sources. Benefit ought to be taken from the occasion, celebration or philanthropy appears (Shiang, 2014).

The goals of the E-government depend on the race, for example, African town issues goals. The destinations are internet-based life review to upgrade the notices and search in improvements. The present media promoting systems must be improving and the significant spotlight is via web-based networking media highlighting and following most recent advanced patterns. The targets of town-by-town depend on the Race model incorporates coming to, acting, changing over and connecting with the clients for altruistic exercises for long haul welfare of the poor network

The objective market must incorporate benefactors and the target recipe is executing to make the advertising arrangement of E-government over anyone's imagination. Also, it is exceptionally impressive that the situating of E-government in the global market could be improved through site design improvement and advancement of the site and staying up with the latest so every individual or association can give cash on the web and get their receipts online for sparing time and assets of town-by-town. (Jaeger, 2019).

Challenges of E-Government System

Data innovation kept on affecting the lives of individuals from various perspectives, and afterwards, an opportunity arrived, when governments additionally understood that they can utilize the embodiment of innovation to have any kind of effect in their administrative structure to perform better while managing the residents. The administrations have an assortment of alternatives to incorporate IT to frame e-government, which can accomplish such a large number of things in a generally proficient and powerful way. It is fundamental to remember that when the e-government model is utilized by the administrations, they can perform superior to those legislatures, which doesn't think about the quintessence of data innovation

The other crucial angle related to the idea of e-government is the e-business. E-business is a significant idea, which assumed a crucial job in persuading governments that data and correspondence innovation can be utilized in an assortment of ways. E-business is an idea, which clarified how the web and data innovation can be utilized to get things moving in the cutting-edge mechanical period, where business elements have been changing because of the substance of innovation. At the point when every single procedure of business is done through online channels utilizing innovation, the entire procedure is given the name of E-business. There is a huge pretended by e-business in actualizing e-government related administrations

It has been seen that when the e-plan of action was utilized in the e-government structure, it didn't just accompany such a significant number of advantages for the residents, yet governments additionally got such a large number of advantages. The other significant thing right now the organizations made by the e-government, with an assortment of accomplices to improve the speed and effectiveness of e-government. It implies that e-government may not remain all alone without having these accomplices. For example, if the administration is utilizing an e-government model for dispersing administration to its residents, and the point is to get instalments through online channels, at that point the legislature should build up a Government-to-Business (G2B) association, where it will band together with an assortment of online instalment and exchange applications and organizations to process the instalments for the government with the goal that they can get instalments from residents (Al-Rashidi, 2010).

In the present time of data, the E-government becomes the between authoritative movement. Furthermore, it partitions the political framework and actualizes increasingly agreeable activities among associations and government offices in a progressively different and complex region. For the residents, colleagues, representatives and other government substances, the utilization of innovation by government identified with web applications for the conveyance of taxpayer driven organizations to residents and upgrades their entrance. To improve the nature of the administrations and to offer appealing chances to participate in the procedures and foundation of law based as this is a path for the legislature to offer individuals access to administrations and data of government with progressively helpful by utilizing the innovation

For the arrangement of open administrations and data as indicated by an important government body where it is essentially utilizing the data correspondence innovation and its applications that improve the degree of government execution. the motivation behind e-government is to give and access to the administrations of government as indicated by business arrangement, workers and residents The fundamental motivation behind E-Government is to give heaps of offices and ensure the inclusion of open is valuable for the legislature. It gives cooperation out in the open and arrangement dynamic, strengthening of the individuals through access to data, To give effective dispersal and the executives of data to the resident and they offer better assistance conveyance to residents (Signore, 2015).

Relation of ADDC e-Services and Government

            In this section, a comprehensive review on the relationship of the ADDC e-business service and the government approach is provided. The review on relationship that the government is effectively focusing on the e-businesses. As mentioned above that the people can pay their bills, change or update their details as well as can have their services, there is a strong relation between the e-services and government. The government has proposed the approach in which the government is using the platform of e-business in which every tax payer and responsible citizen will register itself to have the services of the company and government. By the use of eservice, the client or citizens can easily communicate as well as can register their applications. The e-services application is very efficient for to increase the value of the of the customer as well as services to the customers.

Scope of E-Government system

The scope of E-Government is rapidly increased in the world. All the government activities and actions performed according to Electronic system that government is implemented according to advance technology-based. In the E-Government, four different areas are included according to its activities which are e-governance, e-management, e-service provision and e-democracy. With the increase of its scope, all the activities and functions are converted according to E-system and it is for the benefit of people. Enhance the police protection, national defence and environmental protection. In other words, E-government includes all the transactions between citizens and government agencies that are executed electronically. According to the focus of citizen-centric, it is not limited for the e-government that it is only focused on public services to all the people of the country.

  In the current age of information, the E-government becomes the inter-organizational activity. And it divides the political system and implements more cooperative initiatives between organizations and government departments in a more diverse and complex area. For the citizens, business partners, employees and other government entities, the use of technology by the government related to internet applications for the delivery of government services to citizens and enhance their access. To improve the quality of the services and to offer attractive opportunities to take part in the processes and institution of democratic as this is a way for the government to offer people access to services and information of government with more convenient by using the new technology (Six, 2004).

When the government agencies and institutions use the information technologies in their system like mobile computing, internet and networks that can change the working style of government, citizens and business according to new technology. Such technology gives lots of effective results to its users like it make the government management more efficiency, citizen empowerment through access to information, with business and industry making the interaction better and government services to all citizen provided in a new way. When these technology advancements implement in every area of government then lots of benefits also generated like cost reduction, revenue growth, greater convenience, less corruption and increase transparency.

For the provision of public services and information according to relevant government body where it is using the information communication technology and its applications that enhance the level of government performance.  the purpose of e-government is to provide and access for the services of government according to business setup, employees and citizens (Otike, 2015).

The basic purpose of E-Government is to provide lots of facilities and make sure the involvement of the public is beneficial for the government. It provides participation in public and policy decision making, empowerment of the people through access to information, To provide efficient dissemination and management of information to the citizen and they provide better service delivery to citizens.

At every level of government, E-government provides support to many directions that include cost-effective business practices at every level, wider public participation and more streamlined and responsive services. It radically redesigned the public processes according to its range of complexity starting from basic access to official practices of business. to operate the E-Government effectively, the meaning of E-Administration is very important to understand and implemented according to electronic media applications for the internal public organization and its relative management. The performance of the organization will be better and delivery services also improved according to equipment’s that provided to people and supply their services through the internet, and at the same phase, the E-Government leads to the transformation of organization where agencies of public implement governance initiatives and e-government.it also provide major access to all the information of businesses and increase transparency (Zhiyuan Fang, 2002).

Impact of E-Government system on the Business

The modernized examples have been growing with the movement of time online life advancing and propelled publicizing methods are the most remarkable and significantly convincing. The mechanized examples are known as advancement news about lifestyle, information from the locales, dispersed news and reviews, oversees through pictures and accounts to remember others. The propelled examples of the association are work through authentic direct to improve the business. The locales are offering wide display of information about the poor living conditions in the country with the objective that different groups can give and magnanimity for them. The propelled design proposed for town-by-town revived for webpage and online altruism, blessing system through logins with the objective that an individual can give financially around the world from anyplace.

Within examination of the association fuses an assessment of the association in order to find the current condition of the association in order to extend more noteworthy charity and fund-raising for prospering. The internal and outside examination shows that at present propelled designs and modernized promoting at E-governments moderate level at any rate it is required to improve the rating by means of electronic systems administration media through site improvement and utilization of models

Fund-raising activities are the solidarity to fulfill the objectives brisk. Inward blessing sources and strong financing parties are another quality. Uncommon organization in the town by the town is a critical quality. Social affair promises practices are the solidarity to fulfill the objectives speedy. Internal blessing sources and strong financing parties are another quality. Mind boggling organization in the town by the town is a critical quality huge number of troubles strong endowments can't come a great part of the time. Nonappearance of philanthropic exertion. Nonappearance of convincing arranging. Other not-revenue driven relationship with strong steadfast patrons are hazard for town by town. Other magnanimous relationship with strong immovable sponsors are a threat to the town by town. System profile of altruism should be stretch out close by investments.

Risks are from outside sources. Risk to oversee common challenges and nonattendance of sponsoring. Odds of the town by town. Perils are from external sources. Advantage should be taken from event, festivity or magnanimity shows up. The objectives of the E-government rely upon the race, for instance, African town issues objectives. The goals are web-based life survey to redesign the notification and search in upgrades. The current media advancing frameworks must be improving and the huge spotlight is by means of electronic systems administration media featuring and following latest propelled designs. The objectives of town-by-town rely upon the Race model joins coming to, acting, changing over and interfacing with the customers for benevolent activities for long stretch government assistance of the poor system

The target showcase must fuse advocates and the objective formula is executing to make the publicizing game plan of E-government in abundance of anybody's creative mind. What's more, it is incredibly great that the arranging of E-government in worldwide market could be improve through webpage structure improvement and progression of the website and keeping awake with the most recent so every individual or affiliation can give money on the web and get their receipts online for saving time and resources of organizations.

Weekly Statistics

S. No

Status

No of Cases

1

Processed Cases

300

2

Existing Customer

98

3

Duplicate Case

24

4

No Answer / Switch Off

28

5

Wrong Case

31

6

Wrong Premise

11

7

Outstanding Balance

17

Total

509

 

                                                               

            The weekly statistical graph and the table which are given above are showing the ADM Tawtheeq cases. The graph is showing that the use of e-business is very effective and telling that there are 98 customers who are active at the current time. Many cases are registered in which 31 cases were wrong. There are also some cases which are identified and highlighted in the pie chart are shown as the duplicate cases. The duplicate cases are 24. The government has worked on several cases which are 509 and the actual processed cases were 300.

Overall Statistics Weekly

Week

Approved

Cancelled

Pending

Total

Processed Cases

3598

Dec-25 to Jan-03

29

60

0

89

Existing Customer

823

Jan-04 to Jan-10

12

5

0

17

Case Duplicated

257

Jan-11 to Jan -17

54

43

0

97

Wrong Premise

108

Jan-18 to Jan 24

144

55

0

199

Wrong Case

395

Jan-25 to Jan 31

126

69

0

195

Test

1

Feb-01 to Feb-07

154

107

0

261

Wrong Number / No Answer 

199

Feb-08 to Feb-14

215

92

0

307

Feb-15 to Feb-21

279

112

0

391

Feb-22 to Feb-28

277

85

0

362

Mar-01 to Mar-07

209

188

0

397

Mar-08 to Mar-14

345

118

0

463

Mar-15 to Mar-21

305

154

0

459

Mar-22 to Mar-28

336

136

0

472

Mar-29 to Apr-04

288

125

0

413

Apr-05 to Apr-11

224

82

0

306

Apr-12 to Apr-18

301

143

0

444

Apr-19 to Apr - 25

300

209

0

509

 

 

                               

Conclusion of E-Government Application and Usage in Abu Dhabi Distribution Co Opportunities and Challenges for the Business Environment

Summing up all the points we can say that It is indispensable to remember that when the e-government model is utilized by the administrations, they can perform superior to those legislatures, which doesn't think about the quintessence of data innovation. This is one of the extraordinary e-administration models to be examined with the goal that its valiant highlights and advantages can be discovered. A scope of open approach patterns has been seen over some undefined time frame, which kept on having an effect on the organization. Know that e-government is one of those thoughts, which is multifaceted, and it additionally has the capacity to be applied in an assortment of government circumstances.

A great deal of information and data have been created throughout the years to show that e-government has an assortment of advantages on the off chance that it is appropriately executed and utilized by the administrations. At the point when e-government model is utilized by the administrations, at that point it implies that they are utilizing the pith of web based innovation and highlights to think of activities for making life simpler and advantageous, not just for organizations to make a communication with the legislature yet additionally with residents to give them a superior conveyance of administration. That is the reason a ton of research has been done on the subject of e-government, and it is proceeded with full center on the grounds that there is a ton of offer

The greater contribution of governments in the e-government structure is likewise assisting with examining qualities and shortcomings. At each degree of government, E-government offer help to numerous headings that incorporate financially savvy strategic approaches at each level, more extensive open investment and increasingly streamlined and responsive administrations. It fundamentally updated the open procedures as indicated by its scope of multifaceted nature start from essential access to authentic acts of business. to work the E-Government in powerful way, the significance of E-Administration is essential to comprehend and actualized by electronic media applications for the inside open association and its relative administration. The presentation of the association will be better and conveyance benefits likewise improved by hardware's that gave to individuals and supply their administrations through web, and at a similar stage the E-Government prompts change of association where organizations of open actualize administration activities and e-government.it additionally give significant access to all the data of organizations and increment. 

References of E-Government Application and Usage in Abu Dhabi Distribution Co Opportunities and Challenges for the Business Environment

ADDC.ae. (2020). Our company . Retrieved March 23, 2020, from https://www.addc.ae/en-US/home/Pages/AboutUs.aspx

Al-Rashidi, H. (2010). Examining Internal Challenges to E-Government Implementation from System Users Perspective. 1-8.

Al-Sebie, M. (2015). Technical and organisational challenges facing transactional e-government systems: an empirical study. 2(3), 11-27.

Alshehri, M., & Drew, S. (2010). Implementation of e-Government: Advantages and Challenges. IASK E-ALT2010 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, (pp. 79-86).

Dewan, M. N. (2012). Three Dimensional Components of e-Business Sustainability. 55-71.

Gauld, R. (2006). Policy Quarterly, 2(2).

Hadi, W., & Nawafleh, S. (2012). The role of e-Business in the e-Government services implementation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ACADEMIC RESEARCH, 4(6).

Jaeger, P. T. (2019). E-government around the world: Lessons, challenges, and future directions. 1(6), 389–394.

Meziani, R. (2016). 609 Smart Data for Smart Government – a Show Case from Abu Dhabi Distribution Company Rim Meziani. REAL CORP 2016, At Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg Landesbetrieb Geoinformation und Vermessung Neuenfelder Straße 19 21109. Hamburg, Germany.

Moustaghfir, K. (2015). Defining intellectual capital: a three‐dimensional approach. 43(9), 1114-1128.

Otike, G. N. (2015). E – GOVERNMENT: ITS ROLE, IMPORTANCE AND CHALLENGES. 2-10.

Scholl, H. J., Nahon, K., Ahn, J.-H., & Popova, O. (n.d.). E-Commerce and E-Government: How Do They Compare? What Can They Learn from Each Other? Conference: 42st Hawaii International International Conference on Systems Science (HICSS-42 2009), Proceedings (CD-ROM and online), 5-8 January 2009. Waikoloa, Big Island, HI, USA.

Shiang, M. (2014). Challenges in E-Government & Security of Information. 1(7), 9-20.

Signore, O. (2015). E- Government Challenegs and Oppertunities. 7(9), 5-15.

Six, D. P. (2004). The Scope of E-governance. 15-23.

Zhang, X. (2014). Three dimensional model: an analyzing sketch for e-commerce theories and applications. 207–212.

Zhiyuan Fang, P. (2002). E-Government in Digital Era:Concept, Practice, and Development. School of Public Administration,, 1-22.

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